RESEARCH AND SIMULATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THREE-AXIAL COMPACTION ON POWDER METALLURGIC PRODUCT PROPERTIES

The warm powder compaction process is simulated by the finite element analysis software, MSCJMARC. The thermal mechanically coupled analysis method is applied on the basis of the updated Lagrangian Method, to simulate the warm powder compaction process. The warm powder compaction process is simulated, and the influence of friction condition and pressing styles are researched on the density of powder green and the mechanics behavior at certain temperature. The results indicate that for cylindrical compacts, with the improvement of the friction condition, the uniformity of distribution of green relative density is largely improved, the pressing force and stress decrease, and the nonconforming pressing processes influence the distribution of green density to some degree. The status of stress distribution of the process that punches firstly press and die finally press is different from the other three processes, and presents the figure of ＇flume ＇.

Mechanical properties of copper nanocube under three-axial tensile loadings

The mechanical properties of copper nanocubes by molecular dynamics are investigated in this paper. The [100], [110], [111] nanocubes are created, and their energies, yield stresses, hydrostatic stresses, Mises stresses, and the relation- ships between them and strain are analyzed. Some concepts of the microscopic damage mechanics are introduced, which are the basis of studying the damage mechanical properties by molecular dynamics. The [100] nanocube exhibits homo- geneity and isotropy and achieves a balance easily. The [110] nanocube presents transverse isotropy. The [111] nanocube shows the complexity and anisotropy because the orientation sizes in three directions are different. The broken point occurs on a surface, but the other two do not. The [100] orientation model will be an ideal model for studying the microscopic damage theory.

Axis intersection measurement of three-axis turntable with two crosshair targets

In order to measure three-axis intersection error, two crosshair targets were fixed in the inner axis frame of a three-axis turntable. Also a theodolite was used to point its telescope to the targets and to measure the horizontal angles when three axes were on equi-spaced angle positions. The calculation equations of the axis intersection were deduced from the mounting position of the theodolite, positions of two targets, angular positions of three axes, and the measured horizontal angles with the theodolite. Finally, a practical measurement is carried out on a horizontal three-axis turntable and error analysis is conducted.

Application of hybrid robust three-axis attitude control approach to overactuated spacecraft——A quaternion based model

A novel hybrid robust three-axis attitude control approach, namely HRTAC, is considered along with the well-known developments in the area of space systems, since there is a consensus among the related experts that the new insights may be taken into account as decision points to outperform the available materials. It is to note that the traditional control approaches may generally be upgraded, as long as a number of modifications are made with respect to state-of-the-art, in order to propose high-precision outcomes. Regarding the investigated issues, the robust sliding mode finite-time control approach is first designed to handle three-axis angular rates in the inner control loop, which consists of the pulse width pulse frequency modulations in line with the control allocation scheme and the system dynamics. The main subject to employ these modulations that is realizing in association with the control allocation scheme is to be able to handle a class of overactuated systems, in particular. The proportional derivative based linear quadratic regulator approach is then designed to handle three-axis rotational angles in the outer control loop, which consists of the system kinematics that is correspondingly concentrated to deal with the quaternion based model. The utilization of the linear and its nonlinear terms, simultaneously, are taken into real consideration as the research motivation, while the performance results are of the significance as the improved version in comparison with the recent investigated outcomes. Subsequently, there is a stability analysis to verify and guarantee the closed loop system performance in coping with the whole of nominal referenced commands. At the end, the effectiveness of the approach considered here is highlighted in line with a number of potential recent benchmarks.

Underactuated spacecraft angular velocity stabilization and three-axis attitude stabilization using two single gimbal control moment gyros

Angular velocity stabilization control and attitude stabilization control for an underactuated spacecraft using only two single gimbal control moment gyros （SGCMGs） as actuators is investigated. First of all, the dynamic model of the underactuated spacecraft is established and the singularity of different configurations with the two SGCMGs is analyzed. Under the assumption that the gimbal axes of the two SGCMGs are installed in any direction, and that the total system angular momentum is not zero, a state feedback control law via Lyapunov method is designed to globally asymptotically stabilize the angular velocity of spacecraft. Under the assumption that the gimbal axes of the two SGCMGs are coaxially installed along anyone of the three principal axes of spacecraft inertia, and that the total system angular momentum is zero, a discontinuous state feedback control law is designed to stabilize three-axis attitude of spacecraft with respect to the inertial frame. Furthermore, the singularity escape of SGCMGs for the above two control problems is also studied. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the control laws.

Misalignment Angle Calculation Accuracy Analysis of Three-Axis Stabilized Geostationary Satellite

The most challenging problem of navigation in three-axis stabilized geostationary satellite is accurate calculation of misalignment angles, deduced by orbit measurement error, attitude measurement error, thermal elastic deformation, time synchronization error, and so on. Before the satellite is launched, the misalignment model must be established and validated. But there were no observation data, which is a non-negligible risk of yielding the greatest returns on investment. On the basis of misalignment modeling using landmarks and stars, which is not available between different organizations and is developed by ourselves, experimental data are constructed to validate the navigation processing flow as well as misalignment calculation accuracy. In the condition of using landmarks, the maximum misalignment calculation errors of roll, pitch, and yaw axis are 2, 2, and 104 micro radians, respectively, without considering the accuracy of image edge detection. While in the condition of using stars, the maximum errors of roll, pitch, and yaw axis are 1, 1, and 3 micro radians, respectively, without considering the accuracy of star center extraction. Results are rather encouraging, which pave the way for high-accuracy image navigation of three-axis stabilized geostationary satellite. The misalignment modeling as well as calculation method has been used in the new generation of geostationary meteorological satellite in China, FY-4 series, the first satellite of which was launched at the end of 2016.

IMPROVED QUANTITATIVE FEEDBACK THEORY TECHNIQUE AND APPLICATION TO THREE-AXIS HYDRAULIC SIMULATOR

In order to meet tracking performance index of three-axis hydraulic simulator, based on classical quantitative feedback theory （QFT）, an improved QFT technique is used to synthesize controller of low gain and bandwidth. By choosing a special nominal plant, the improved method assigns relative magnitude and phase tracking error between system uncertainty and nominal control plant. Relative tracking error induced by system uncertainty is transformed into sensitivity problem and relative tracking error induced by nominal plant forms into a region on Nichols chart. The two constraints further form into a combined bound which is fit for magnitude and phase loop shaping. Because of leaving out pre-filter of classical QFT controller structure, tracking performance is enhanced greatly. Furthermore, a cascaded two-loop control strategy is proposed to heighten control effect. The improved technique＇s efficacy is validated by simulation and experiment results.

A Three-Axis Robot Using a Remote Network Control System

For the petroleum industry, to reduce the risk of a gas explosion in dangerous working areas, the use of explosion-proof equipment such as air-driven devices which are free from explosions becomes essential. Moreover, for the purpose of saving manpower, a remote operation using a robot via a visual monitoring system and a network is used. However, to overcome the drawback of costly manpower and to improve safety in explosion-prone zones, a three-axis robot using a remote network control system is proposed. In this paper, the three-axis robot can be monitored online via the USB protocol. Furthermore, it also can be remotely manipulated via the TCP/IP protocol by clicking the command of the VB interface on the client pc. Consequently, the remote-control three-axis robot can not only work for people in severe and dangerous circumstances but also can reduce the cost of manpower.

The Impact Study of Three-axis Servo System Interference Torque based on Virtual Prototype

The three-axis servo system with the core of gyro stabilization is the foundation to realize its function, and a key technology of the seeker devolopment. In order to reduce the costs, improve the efficiency of research and devolopment, a new method that instead of physical prototype by virtual prototype was proposed. Adams and MATLAB/simulink are used to establish the mechanical dynamics model and controller model of the three-axis servo system. The simulation data which was processed and analyzed is compared with test data, to determine the control parameters of the virtual prototype and improve the accuracy of the model, and test the multiple condition simulation,which can provide a reference for practical production.The simulation results verify the feasibility of the models.

3D打印汽车吸能结构耐撞性分析

3D打印技术由于其耗材成本低、成品多样化的特点,在汽车吸能结构的耐撞性研究中已被研究人员关注与应用。通过3D打印技术针对相同结构尺寸,不同基体材料的防撞梁和蜂窝填充材料等汽车吸能结构,开展了准静态试验研究,对比分析了其力学响应及变形模式,进一步基于有限元仿真,研究了结构参数对其耐撞性指标的影响。研究结果表明,3D打印PLA防撞梁及蜂窝填充结构的载荷-位移曲线与金属结构呈现出相同的趋势,并且能反映汽车吸能结构的变形特征;结构壁厚的增加导致相对密度的增加,提高了防撞梁与蜂窝结构的耐撞性,此外,胞元尺寸的增加也会影响蜂窝结构的耐撞性。提出了基于3D打印技术的汽车吸能结构优化方案,采用试验与仿真相结合的方法系统地研究了结构参数对耐撞性的影响,对于汽车类专业教具设计及汽车吸能结构分析有一定的参考意义。

三油口轴向柱塞泵的结构设计与特性分析

针对泵控差动缸的流量不对称问题,研究具有3个配流窗口的轴向柱塞泵的非对称配流原理,并基于此原理利用剩余压紧力设计新型配流盘结构,通过PumpLinx仿真与实验验证相结合的方法对泵的性能进行研究,分析过渡区结构对柱塞泵压力、流量特性的影响。在实验台上对不同工况下泵的压力、流量和噪声等基本特性进行测试,验证了新结构的合理性。新型配流方案不仅能补偿差动缸的流量差,还能输出2种不同的压力、流量,实现了液压泵直接控制差动缸的理想效果。

新型三段Halbach永磁阵列无铁芯AFPMG设计与分析

为解决传统Halbach永磁阵列无铁芯轴向磁通永磁发电机(AFPMG)由于磁极永磁体用量增加而导致功率密度降低的问题,提出了一种变辅助磁极参数(极角和充磁夹角)的新型三段Halbach永磁阵列无铁芯AFPMG.采用三维有限元法,对新型三段Halbach永磁阵列辅助磁极极角和充磁夹角进行了多目标优化设计,从而确定了最佳辅助磁极参数.最后对比了无铁芯AFPMG中采用不同磁极结构对发电机电压波形质量和功率密度的影响.结果表明:新型永磁发电机可以使发电机电压正弦波畸变率由2.40%下降为0.44%;相较传统两段Halbach和传统三段Halbach永磁阵列的无铁芯AFPMG,新型永磁发电机功率密度得到显著提高;新型永磁发电机的永磁体用量减少了16.68%,进而减轻了转子盘质量,使发电机更加适于低风速下稳定发电.

新型钉尾横连在后路寰枢椎内固定中的三维有限元分析

背景:在寰枢关节疾病采用后路寰枢椎椎弓根螺钉内固定术(C_(1)-C_(2)pedicle screw-rod fixation,C_(1)-C_(2)PSR)中加用传统的棒-棒横连可以为螺钉/棒结构提供更坚固抗旋转稳定性,但有安装困难、影响植骨床和脊髓损伤的风险。作者设计的新型寰椎钉尾横连(horizontal screw-screw crosslink,hS-S CL)可以有效克服上述缺点,但其生物力学性能尚不清楚。目的:利用三维有限元分析新型寰椎钉尾横连在C_(1)-C_(2)PSR中的生物力学特性。方法:采集1名成人健康男性志愿者枕骨底到枢椎(C0-2)的CT薄层扫描数据,分别建立寰枢椎有限元模型:正常组、失稳组、失稳+C_(1)-C_(2)PSR(无横连组)、C_(1)-C_(2)PSR+hS-S CL(钉尾横连组)。对各个有限元模型加载1.5 Nm的扭矩,计算出4组模型在屈伸、左右侧屈、左右旋转工况下的活动度及横连应力峰值,并提取内固定应力云图。结果与结论:①失稳组较正常组的运动范围明显增大43.8%-78.7%;2种内固定组在6种工况下的运动范围较失稳组减少90.2%-98.7%,在屈伸状态下的运动范围基本一致,但在侧屈及旋转状态下,钉尾横连组较无横连组运动范围分别减少34.3%-43.8%和78.6%-79.1%,其中在旋转状态运动范围减少最为明显;②2种内固定内植物模型应力峰值:钉尾横连组最大应力总体上小于无横连组,内固定组在后伸时应力峰值最小;③内植物的应力云图:显示内固定未出现明显的应力集中现象,且主要的应力分布区域为螺钉根部与骨质结合部,横连两端与螺钉尾槽或连接棒结合部;④新型钉尾横连能明显提高内固定的抗旋转稳定性,在三维运动上承担部分应力,降低内植物的最大应力;钉尾横连两端的应力分布明显,该部位可能出现横连的断裂。

不同失效模式下皮质骨结构临界能量释放率预测

背景:临界能量释放率是结构在破坏过程中可测得的一个全局断裂力学参数,即使针对同一结构,在不同失效模式下其数值也可能存在差异。目的:提出一种方法预测皮质骨结构在不同失效模式下的临界能量释放率。方法:针对大鼠股骨皮质骨结构进行三点弯曲与轴向压缩实验以及相应断裂仿真。通过对有限元模型赋予不同临界能量释放率进行断裂模拟,并将每次模拟所得载荷-位移曲线与实验数据进行比较,当仿真与实验所得断裂参数差异小于5%时,即代表拟合成功,以此反演预测皮质骨结构在不同失效模式下的临界能量释放率。结果与结论:①结果显示大鼠股骨皮质骨结构在三点弯曲载荷下主要发生拉伸破坏,该失效模式下所预测临界能量释放率为0.16N/mm;②在轴向压缩载荷下主要发生剪切破坏,所预测临界能量释放率为0.12N/mm,这说明同一皮质骨结构在不同失效模式下的临界能量释放率存在差异;③此文通过对结构力学性能与损伤机制进行综合分析,揭示了不同失效模式下皮质骨结构临界能量释放率存在差异的原因,为能量释放率测量以及准确的皮质骨断裂模拟提供理论依据。

无压三产品重介质旋流器内介质颗粒分布研究

以WTMC1500/1100无压三产品重介质旋流器为例,介绍一种基于无压三产品重介质旋流器内介质颗粒分布的分析方法。该方案利用UG软件构建设备三维模型,并通过ICEMCFD软件对三维模型进行网格划分,之后以此为基础,分别对旋流器悬浮液的密度分布与轴向速度、切向速度、介质颗粒分布情况展开分析,以掌握旋流器内介质颗粒分布特点,为无压三产品重介质旋流器的设计提供支持,确认有限元分析法的应用价值。

内、外侧锁定钢板内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折的有限元分析

目的通过有限元分析法比较内、外侧锁定钢板内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折的生物力学性能。方法对1名健康男性志愿者的胫骨行CT扫描构建正常胫骨模型。使用Solidworks 2013软件制作得到内侧锁定钢板和锁定螺钉的装配体(模型1)、外侧锁定钢板和锁定螺钉的装配体(模型2)。使用Ansys 14有限元分析软件分析在施加轴向力、扭转力、侧向力后,模型1和模型2的承载力及骨折断端的位移情况。结果(1)承载力:施加轴向力后,模型1不足模型2的1/6(P<0.05);施加扭转力后,模型1约是模型2的7倍(P<0.05);施加侧向力后,模型1和模型2比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)骨折断端平均位移:施加轴向力后,模型1小于模型2(P<0.05);施加扭转力后,模型1大于模型2(P<0.05);施加侧向力后,模型1小于模型2(P<0.05)。结论与外侧锁定钢板内固定模型相比,胫骨远端骨折内侧锁定钢板内固定模型力学分布更均匀、稳定性更好,且骨折断端的微小位移能有效刺激骨痂再生,更利于骨折愈合,在软组织条件允许下更利于治疗胫骨远端骨折。

基于压气机三维彻体力模型的叶尖射流扩稳方法

为了分析转子叶尖射流对多级轴流压气机的扩稳作用,研究了轴流式压气机三维黏性彻体力模型,通过对ANSYS CFX软件的二次开发,求解带动量源项和能量源项的N-S(Navier-Stokes)方程,实现无叶片条件下的压气机全通道数值模拟。基于模型计算的Stage 35单级压气机压比特性与实验值误差不大于0.8%,失稳点流量比实验值大1.2%,对端壁边界层流动能够准确模拟。基于模型计算了无射流和有射流条件下的多级压气机特性和失稳边界,并分析了叶尖射流扩稳机理。结果表明,模型能够模拟叶尖射流对多级压气机的扩稳作用,在100%设计转速下,设计点流量的4.6%的射流流量使稳定裕度增加了7.06%,射流能够消除叶尖区域的堵塞流动,从而扩大了压气机的稳定工作裕度。

三芯电缆接头轴向温度反演模型及其材料参数敏感性分析

三芯电缆中间接头热点温度的实时感知对研究电缆安全运行、温升及动态载流能力评估具有重要意义。因此,以10 kV三芯电缆中间接头为研究对象,针对不同型号中间接头的结构、材料及现场工艺分散性的实际情况,构建了电缆接头温度场仿真模型,分析了中间接头的温度场分布规律。建立了基于轴向热流的导体轴向温度统一反演模型。采用单因子变化与正交组合方式,分析了材料参数分散性对接头导体轴向反演模型的拟合度及灵敏度的影响。仿真结果表明,轴向温度反演模型的灵敏度系数和拟合优度变化均较小,对于不同结构、材料及现场工艺分散性具有较好的鲁棒性。

三配流窗口轴向柱塞泵非死点过渡区特性研究

三配流窗口轴向柱塞泵有效地解决了在泵控单出杆液压缸两腔流量不同造成的不配对问题。但是三配流窗口轴向柱塞泵中的非死点过渡区存在流量脉动和压力冲击问题,针对此问题提出在非死点过渡区和上死点过渡区开设阻尼孔,两个阻尼孔通过孔道连接,平衡非死点过渡区与上死点过渡区压力。根据配流面积函数,在AMEsim软件里面搭建柱塞泵模型,仿真有无阻尼孔,开设阻尼孔的大小和位置等参数对柱塞泵的流量和压力的影响,确定出合适的配流盘结构。结果表明,开设阻尼孔油道可以减小过渡区压力变化梯度,降低柱塞泵在过渡区的压力冲击和流量脉动,同时减小泄漏和油液压缩耗能,提高容积效率。

低雷诺数下轴流压气机转子3维流动特性数值模拟

为了探究轴流压气机转子在低雷诺数下的性能及3维流动特性,对跨声速转子压气机Rotor37在地面和高空下的气动性能和内部流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明:在20 km高空下,压气机在近失速点的总压比和绝热效率分别降低了8.0%和5.3%,喘振裕度降低了3.1%;在低雷诺数下,转子吸力面上的流动分离位置会提前掺混且更剧烈,导致分离附面层增加,同时由于吸力面附面层较厚,激波与边界层的作用加强,减小叶表附面层内低能流体向上运动的压力分量,低能流体在离心力的作用下更容易向叶顶附近迁移,这可能是触发转子工作失稳的重要因素;在低雷诺数下,叶片根部吸力面在84%轴向弦长处发生完全分离并形成角涡,在其向叶顶移动的过程中形成脱落涡,角涡和脱落涡面积明显增加,这是引起转子低雷诺数工作效率降低的重要原因之一。