Topological and Shape Optimization of Flexure Hinges for Designing Compliant Mechanisms Using the Level Set Method

A flexure hinge is a major component in designing compliant mechanisms that o ers unique possibilities in a wide range of application fields in which high positioning accuracy is required. Although various flexure hinges with di erent configurations have been successively proposed, they are often designed based on designers' experiences and inspirations. This study presents a systematic method for topological optimization of flexure hinges by using the level set method. Optimization formulations are developed by considering the functional requirements and geometrical constraints of flexure hinges. The functional requirements are first constructed by maximizing the compliance in the desired direction while minimizing the compliances in the other directions. The weighting sum method is used to construct an objective function in which a self-adjust method is used to set the weighting factors. A constraint on the symmetry of the obtained configuration is developed. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. The obtained results reveal that the design of a flexure hinge starting from the topology level can yield more choices for compliant mechanism design and obtain better designs that achieve higher performance.

Analysis of the Micro-Rotation Compliant Mechanism Based on the Corner-Filleted Flexure Hinges

The purpose of this thesis is to derive the flexibility formula of the corner-filleted flexure hinge easily and conveniently and use it to design a micro-rotation compliant mechanism. Firstly,we get the corner-filleted flexure hinge flexibility formula by methods of symmetry transformation and coordinates translation. The correctness of this formula is validated on the basis of the finite element method and under the premise that the effects of shear stress are taken into consideration. Then a micro-rotation compliant mechanism is designed in accordance with the corner-filleted flexure hinge,and the deduction and analysis of its working moment/rigidity are conducted. Moreover,this theoretical formula is proved to be accurate and reliable through the finite element analysis and the experimental verification,based on which the structural design and optimization can be made on the rotating part of a micro adjustment device. The results illustrate that designing and optimizing the structures by the analysis model is convenient and reliable so that complicated 3D modeling and finite element analysis are not needed.

Simulation optimal design of a compliant mechanism with circular notch flexure hinges based on the equivalent beam methodology

This paper presents an in-depth study of Equivalent beam model (EBM).Firstly three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) model for circular flexure hinge developed by Zettl et al.was verified by the comparison with Smith's experimental results and the 3D FEA model was feasible within 5.5% error.Then the accuracy of Timoshenko short-beam due to shear force was verified based on finite element method.The results showed that the EBM has good accuracy within 5% error for 1≤r/t≤3.Finally the EBM methodology was applied for the simulation optimal design of a bridge-type compliant mechanism.The results showed that the EBM methodology has very high numerical efficiency and satisfactory accuracy for simulation optimal design of planar compliant mechanism with flexure hinges.

Design and Experiment of Triangular Prism Mast with Tape-Spring Hyperelastic Hinges

Because of the limited space of the launch rockets, deployable mechanisms are always used to solve the phenomenon. One dimensional deployable mast can deploy and support antenna, solar sail and space optical camera. Tape-spring hyperelastic hinges can be folded and extended into a rod like configuration. It utilizes the strain energy to realize self-deploying and drive the other structures. One kind of triangular prism mast with tape-spring hyperelastic hinges is proposed and developed. Stretching and compression stiffness theoretical model are established with considering the tape-spring hyperelastic hinges based on static theory. The finite element model of ten-module triangular prism mast is set up by ABAQUS with the tape-spring hyperelastic hinge and parameter study is performed to investigate the influence of thickness, section angle and radius. Two-module TPM is processed and tested the compression stiffness by the laser displacement sensor, deploying repeat accuracy by the high speed camera, modal shape and fundamental frequency at cantilever position by LMS multi-channel vibration test and analysis system, which are used to verify precision of the theoretical and finite element models of ten-module triangular prism mast with the tape-spring hyperelastic hinges. This research proposes an innovative one dimensional triangular prism with tape-spring hyperelastic hinge which has great application value to the space deployable mechanisms.

A Novel 2D Piezo-Nanopositioning Stage Based on Triangle Amplifier Mechanism

To satisfy the demand on dynamic performance and load characteristics of piezoelectric actuators in aeronautics and astronautics fields,a novel 2Dpiezo-nanopositioning stage utilizing a triangle amplifier mechanism is proposed.The stage is driven by piezoelectric rhombic units in both X and Ydirections,which is composed of four piezoelectric stacks.Theoretical static model develops the relationships among output force,displacement,static stiffness and the structure parameters of the platform.The experimental results of the prototype show that the output performances in X and Ydirections are similar and both of them are within an 8% deviation from the theoretical values.The stroke of the stage reaches 41.6μm and 42.9μm in Xand Ydirections,respectively,and is directly proportional to the amplitude of the input sinusoidal voltage 10 Hz.Moreover,the nano-positioning stage is featured with bidirectional symmetrical output characteristic and millisecond starting characteristic,whose minimum output displacement step is 50 nm.

Reliability Analysis of Flexure Hinge Based on Kriging Method

The uncertainty widely exists in the engineering practice.Therefore,it is necessary to research the effect of uncertainty on the structural system. In this paper,the reliability and sensitivity of the flexure hinge, which is the key component of the compliant mechanisms,are investigated. The results of the reliability analysis can effectively guide the engineer to design and optimize the flexure hinge. In order to improve the calculating efficiency,the kriging method is introduced to estimate the failure probability and reliability sensitivity.

Robust topology optimization of hinge-free compliant mechanisms with material uncertainties based on a non-probabilistic field model

This paper presents a new robust topology optimization framework for hinge-free compliant mechanisms with spatially varying material uncertainties,which are described using a non-probabilistic bounded field model.Bounded field uncertainties are efficiently represented by a reduced set of uncertain-but-bouncled coeflficients on the basis of the series expansion method.Robust topology optimization of compliant mechanisms is then defined to minimize the variation in output displacement under constraints of the mean displacement and predefined material volume.The nest optimization problem is solved using a gradient-based optimization algorithm.Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for circumventing hinges in topology optimization of compliant mechanisms.

An empirical description for the hinge-like mechanism in single-layer black phosphorus:The angle–angle cross interaction

The single-layer black phosphorus is characterized by its puckered configuration that pos- sesses the hinge-like behavior, which leads to the highly anisotropic in-plane Poisson＇s ratios and the negative out-of-plane Poisson＇s ratio. We demonstrate that the hinge-like mechanism can be described by the angle-angle cross interaction, which, combined with the bond stretching and angle bending interactions, is able to provide a good description for the mechanical properties of single-layer black phosphorus. We also propose a nonlinear angle-angle cross interaction, which follows the form of Stillinger-Weber potential and can be advantageous for molecular dynamics simulations of single-layer black phosphorus under large deformation.

油莎豆联合收获机合页筛片式升运装置设计与试验

针对油莎豆机械化收获过程中升运振动装置除杂效果不明显,导致油莎豆与土壤杂质等分离不彻底,漏土率较低,伤果率较高的问题,以及在升运输送过程中存在土壤堵塞、回带等问题,结合油莎豆果-土-秧团聚体特性,设计了一种合页筛片式升运装置,通过筛片折弯部分增大筛孔面积,对团聚体提供与链筛运动方向相同的推力,使合页式升运装置提高漏土效率且有效避免了回带现象。对其倾角和固定位置进行了分析和设计,运用EDEM进行仿真试验,以油莎豆链筛线速度、链筛板折弯高度、链筛振动频率为试验因素,以油莎豆团聚体漏土率和伤果率为试验指标,通过三因素三水平正交仿真试验,最终得到输送筛片最佳结构参数组合为:链筛线速度1.151 m/s、折弯高度27.779 mm、振频9.561 Hz,此时升运装置漏土率为96.524%、伤果率为2.439%。田间验证试验结果表明:当链筛线速度为1.2 m/s、折弯高度为28 mm、振频为9.5 Hz时,合页式升运装置平均漏土率为96.05%,平均伤果率为2.38%,与仿真试验所测结果基本一致,满足油莎豆升运链筛工作要求。

蜂窝梁柱子结构抗连续性倒塌性能研究

目的研究蜂窝梁柱子结构的抗连续性倒塌性能,为工程应用提供设计依据。方法基于拆除构件法,应用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立蜂窝梁柱子结构与实腹梁柱子结构模拟模型,研究在中柱失效作用下的结构性能,分析孔型、开孔率和首孔距离等参数对蜂窝梁柱子结构抗连续性倒塌性能的影响。结果蜂窝梁柱子结构相比于实腹梁柱子结构的峰值承载力增长64.26%,所对应的位移增长73.57%;蜂窝梁良好的成铰机制使悬链线效应发展更充分;孔型、开孔率、首孔距离对其破坏模式、峰值荷载、悬链线效应发展程度均具有一定影响。结论蜂窝梁柱子结构具有良好的抗连续性倒塌能力,孔型宜为圆形或六边形,开孔率宜取40%~60%,首孔距离宜取0.75~1.0倍梁截面高度。

基于柔性铰链结构的大口径压电快摆镜

为了解决压电作动器驱动的快速反射镜因压电作动器伸长量较小,导致快速反射镜偏转角过小的问题,该文提出了一款新型快速反射镜设计方案。采用三级杠杆式柔性铰链放大机构实现压电作动器位移的放大,采用柔性轴承作为快摆镜的运动关节实现快摆镜的大角度定轴偏转。通过理论推导和有限元仿真对快摆镜的最大偏转角度、等效应力、谐振频率以及振型进行分析。实验结果表明,所设计的快摆镜可以实现大于2 mrad的镜面偏转,满足大范围、高精度的光束定位要求。

一种杆长可调的多功能铰链四杆机构模型的设计

设计出一款多功能铰链四杆机构,可使不同机构类型在同一模型上实现。阐述了设计原理,完成了杆长调节机构、限位装置、杆长锁紧装置、机架、多功能连接装置、铅笔固定滑块机构的设计,通过数字化模型呈现其功能。

翻转启闭机构设计与优化研究

为了满足压力罐密闭门可靠开启、启闭角度足够大、自动开闭锁等要求,采用机构功能时序组合、空间多连杆连续耦合作动的设计思想,开发了一种可变回转点的空间多连杆快速作动翻转机构,构建了参数化机构动力学模型,以开启角度、启闭机构体积、最大驱动载荷为优化目标进行了机构铰点多目标优化,运用Max-min准则从多目标优化所得Pareto解集中选出了折中方案。通过动力学数值计算、缩比试验和产品试验验证了该设计和优化方法的可行性,为翻转启闭系统的机构设计提供了一定的参考。

运动副间隙对MCCB操作机构动力学特性的影响研究

针对MCCB操作机构的7个铰链点间隙对机构动力学特性的影响,基于正交试验设计法建立了18组仿真实验,通过极差分析得出了各间隙点对操作机构各指标的影响大小,采用带权重的分目标乘除法相结合的方式建立综合评价函数,对动触杆在位移、速度、加速度和下连杆的应力分析方面做了无间隙和有间隙的仿真对比分析。结果表明:仿真时忽略其运动副间隙的影响,所得各指标仿真值最大偏差达49.45%,平均偏差至少5%以上;对MCCB操作机构综合影响最大的间隙点为推拉杆与上连杆的连接轴间隙,理想铰链下的动力学仿真,位移变化、应力的分布及基本变化可供参考,而速度特性、加速度特性、最大应力值以及最大应力出现时刻则会偏离实际。

T形钢制耗能铰阻尼器抗震性能及力学模型研究

为了提高装配式框架结构的抗震性能,提出了不同类型的钢制耗能铰阻尼器,即将预制梁、柱用钢制铰进行连接,在铰的上、下或两侧安装软钢耗能元件。对几种耗能铰阻尼器的构造形式、抗震性能进行总结,选取一种构造简单、抗震性能较好的T形耗能铰阻尼器进行抗震性能和力学模型研究。采用ABAQUS软件对T形耗能铰阻尼器的试验进行数值模拟,在此基础上建立了24个有限元模型对T形耗能元件的翼缘削弱程度和T形截面尺寸进行参数分析,并对不同影响因素进行量化得到耗能铰阻尼器的骨架曲线计算公式,最后,对公式的正确性进行了验证。结果表明,该T形耗能铰阻尼器具有良好的承载力、延性和耗能能力,所提出的骨架曲线准确率较高,可为该类阻尼器的设计提供参考。

基于静力试验的柱端铰型受控摇摆钢筋混凝土框架地震响应数值分析

柱端铰型受控摇摆钢筋混凝土框架(CR-RCFC)是一种新型的可恢复功能结构,通过摇摆节点的构造来“弱化”结构整体抗侧刚度,从而达到减小地震响应的目的。CR-RCFC结构在振动台试验中呈现了在中震和大震作用下“主体构件免损伤,耗能构件易更换”的韧性抗震效果。振动台试验后进行低周反复静载试验得到拆除阻尼器后的CR-RCFC结构柱铰节点弯矩-转角滞回曲线和转动刚度等抗震性能参数。利用静力试验得到的结构抗震性能参数进行结构地震响应数值模拟,将数值模拟结果与振动台试验结果进行对比分析。对比分析结果表明:通过静力试验数据可以精确得到CR-RCFC结构节点抗震性能参数,根据该抗震性能参数进行的数值模拟结果与振动台试验结果吻合较好。

基于椭圆形柔性铰链微克级单体式称量机构性能分析与优化

为了提高单体式称量机构的灵敏度,对微克级的单体式称量机构进行性能分析与优化,建立了基于椭圆形柔性铰链称量机构的数学模型;以称量机构的横梁末端位移来评价称量机构的灵敏度,通过在不同部分改变铰链厚度,分别验证椭圆形和圆弧形铰链对称量机构灵敏度的影响。结合Ansys Workbench有限元仿真软件对模型的准确确度进行了验证,给出了针对柔性铰链划分网格时的评价依据,结果表明:模型的最小误差为1.8%;且在1μg载荷下,椭圆形铰链相比于圆弧形增加了0.39 nm的末端位移。

框架-摇摆墙结构损伤后受力性能分析

基于已有的离散-连续参数模型,对损伤后框架-摇摆墙结构的受力性能进行了研究。假定损伤只发生在框架结构上,没有实现“强柱弱梁”的损伤方式,损伤以柱端产生塑性铰的形式出现。研究结果表明:相比未损伤前,损伤后结构的侧向变形有一定的增加,结构最大内力有增有减,二者数值大小的变化与产生塑性铰楼层位置和塑性铰的形式有关。对于框架-摇摆墙结构,有目的地设置薄弱层,对降低结构内力,使层间相对变形趋于均匀是有利的。

飞机货舱门锁闩机构运动可靠性分析

飞机货舱门锁闩机构在舱门打开阶段协助提升电机进行舱门预位,磨损产生的铰链间隙会引起输出角度误差,降低锁闩机构运动可靠度。为了分析铰链磨损对于锁闩机构运动可靠度的影响,根据锁闩机构工作原理建立可靠度计算模型;建立货舱门刚柔耦合动力学模型计算铰链接触力;采用Archard磨损模型计算铰链磨损量,基于等效杆长理论将铰链磨损量转换成杆长变化量,建立参数化模型进行可靠度分析;利用孔销接触模型进行可靠度结果验证。结果表明:该可靠度分析方法能够保证计算精度,提高分析效率。

空间四自由度柔顺并联机构设计与仿真

设计了一种由压电陶瓷驱动的整体式空间四自由度柔顺并联定位平台,使用柔性铰链代替传统的运动副,消除了传统机构铰链配合的摩擦与间隙。建立了空间四自由度定位平台的运动学模型,使用三维建模软件建立几何模型。通过计算得到解析结果,并对空间四自由度柔顺并联定位平台进行有限元分析,得到其位移特性。比较理论计算和有限元仿真结果,得出误差在允许范围内,验证了设计的定位平台的可行性。