Three-component Reaction of Aromatic Aldehyde,Malononitrile and Aliphatic Amine Leading to Different Pyridine Derivatives

The three-component reaction of aromatic aldehyde,malononitrile and aliphatic amine in a mixed solvent of methanol and water exhibited very interesting molecular diversity and gave the derivatives of polysubstituted N-methyldihydropyridines,2-dialkylaminopyridines and 2-methoxypyridines as main products according to the structure of aliphatic amines used.

Silver-catalyzed three-component reaction of phenyldiazoacetate with arylamine and imine

A new method was developed to diastereoselectively synthesize polysubstituted 1,2‐diamine compounds from the reaction of diazoesters with arylamines and diaryl imines by using the dioxazoline ligand L2‐ligated silver catalyst.The Lewis acidity of the silver catalyst affected the different types of substrate diastereoselectivities;It also led to the formation of amine‐exchange side products.

Efficient approach to thiazolidinones via a one-pot three-component reaction involving 2-amino-1-phenylethanone hydrochloride,aldehyde and mercaptoacetic acid

A highly efficient three-component reaction has been developed for the synthesis of thiazolidinones involving the reaction of 2-amino-l-phenylethanone hydrochloride with an aromatic aldehyde and mercaptoacetic acid in the presence of diisopropylethylamine in a single pot.Critically,this reaction exhibited excellent chemoselectivity,with the nitrogen atom of the 2-amino-l-phenylethanone component reacting selectively with the aromatic aldehyde to give the corresponding Schiff base.Nucleophilic attack at the carbon of the Schiff base by the sulfur atom of mercaptoacetic,followed by a cyclocondensation reaction between the nitrogen and the carboxylic acid moiety afforded the desired thiazolidinones,which were fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques.

Cooperative NHC/Photoredox Catalysis:Three-Component Reaction of Aroyl Fluorides,Styrenes and Oxalates

Cooperative NHC/photoredox catalysis has emerged as an important research field in recent years.Herein,this article describes the use of cesium salt derivatives of tert-alcohols as alkyl radical precursors in a three-component reaction with styrene and aromatic acyl fluorides to synthesizeα-arylalkyl aryl ketones.The aroyl fluoride reacts with the NHC catalyst,leading to the formation of an acyl azolium ion.This acyl azolium ion can then be reduced by the photoredox catalyst,generating the corresponding ketyl radical anion.The C-radical generated from oxalate oxidation undergoes an addition reaction with the styrene derivative,followed by cross-coupling of the addition radical with the ketone radical,which is fragmented by NHC to give the target ketone.

Photocatalyst-free visible-light-mediated three-component reaction ofα-diazoesters, cyclic ethers and NaSCN to access organic thiocyanates

A facile and environmentally friendly visible-light-induced three-component reaction of α-diazoesters,cyclic ethers and Na SCN to construct organic thiocyanates has been developed at room temperature. This reaction could occur under photocatalyst-and additive-free conditions to afford a number of organic thiocyanates with moderate to good yield and favorable functional group tolerance.

Stoichiometric Imbalance-promoted Step-growth Polymerization Based on Self-accelerating Three-component Reaction

Aself-accelerating three-component reaction was developed using the secondary amines,CS_(2),and sym-dibenzo-1,5-cyclooctadiene-3,7-diyne(DIBOD)as reactants.In this three-component reaction,the secondary amine reacts with CS_(2) to form dithiocarbamate anion,which subsequently in-situ reacts with DIBOD behaving a self-accelerating reaction property.Specifically,the reaction of dithiocarbamate anion with the first alkyne of DIBOD activates the unreacted alkyne,which reacts with dithiocarbamate anion much faster than the original alkyne of DIBOD.Using the self-accelerating three-component reaction as polymerization reaction,a stoichiometric imbalance-promoted step-growth polymerization method was developed using the difunctional secondary amines,CS_(2),and DIBOD as monomer groups.This novel three-component polymerization can quickly produce high molecular weight dithiocarbamate-containing polymers under mild conditions using a slight molar excess of DIBOD to difunctional secondary amine monomer.Containing sulfur elements in the backbones,the resultant polymers hold high refractivity and may find potential applications in optical and optoelectronic fields.

Efficient Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline and Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoline Derivatives via One-pot Two- step Metal-catalyzed Three-component Reactions

A sequential one-pot two-step reaction for efficient synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline and pyrrolo[1,2-a]- quinoline derivatives in good yields has been successfully developed. The reaction included firstly Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction of isoquinoline （quinoline）, acetylenedicarboxylate and alkynylbenzene and then Pd-catalyzed intramolecular C（sp）-C（sp^2） coupling reaction of initially formed 1-alkenyl-2-alkynyl- 1,2-dihydroiso- quinoline （1,2-dihydroquinoline）.

Visible-light-induced three-component reaction of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones,alkenes and CF_(3)SO_(2)Na leading to 3-trifluoroalkylated quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones

A facile and metal-free visible-light-enabled three-component reaction of quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones,alkenes and CF_(3)SO_(2)Na has been developed under air at room temperature.This photocatalytic tandem reaction using 4 CzIPN as the photocatalyst and air as the green oxidant,provides a mild and environmentally friendly approach to access a series of 3-trifluoroalkylated quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones.

Three-component reaction for synthesis of functionalized spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyrano[3,2-h]quinolines]

The functionalized spiro[indoline-3,40-pyrano[3,2-h]quinolines] were efficiently prepared in high yields from three-component reaction of 8-hydroxyquinoline, isatins and malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate in ethanol at room temperature for about 12 h in the presence of piperidine.

A mild and highly efficient one-pot three-component reaction for carbon-sulfur bond formation catalyzed by potassium tert-butoxide

Potassium tert-butoxide has been found to be a highly efficient catalyst for one-pot,three-component reaction of aryl aldehydes, acetophenones,and thiols via Claisen-Schmidt/Michael addition reactions for the synthesis of thia-Michael adducts in high yields. The reactions are best carried out in tert-butyl alcohol at room temperature.

A novel and green synthesis of indolone-N-amino acid derivatives via the Passerini three-component reactions in water

A green Passerini three-component reaction of 2-（4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indol-1-yl）acetic acid with alkyl or aryl isocyanides and aldehydes was reported under aqueous conditions at 35 ℃ for 1 h, and21 indolone-N-amino acid derivatives were prepared in high yields of 42%–99%. Their structures were characterized by IR, ESI–MS, NMR and elemental analysis, and the possible mechanisms have been also proposed. The highly efficient and eco-friendly method provides a facile access to a library of indoloneN-amino acid derivatives for future research on bioactivity screening.

Facile Synthesis of Phosphorus N-Fluoroalkanesulfonyl Amidines by Cu-catalyzed One-pot Three-component Reaction

In the presence of Cu（I） and triethyl amine, one-pot three-component reaction of fluoroalkanesulfonyl azides, alkynes and iminophosphoranes in CH2Cl2 at room temperature gave a novel class of fluorinated phosphorus amidines in good yields.

Synthesis of benzisothiazoles by a three-component reaction using elemental sulfur and ammonium as heteroatom components under transition metal-free conditions

A strategy for the synthesis of benzisothiazoles by a three-component reaction was developed using elemental sulfur and ammonium as heteroatom components under transition metal-free conditions.The reaction is preferably based on pyridine or quinoline ring substrate,and good to excellent yields can be obtained.Notably,this reaction has been applied to the gram-scale synthesis of bioactive molecules.

Metal-free one-pot synthesis of quinoline-2,4-carboxylates via a molecular iodine-catalyzed three-component reaction of arylamines, ethyl glyoxylate, and α-ketoesters

A simple and metal-free method has been developed for the construction of quinoline-2,4-carboxylates under mild conditions via a molecular iodine-catalyzed three-component tandem reaction of arylamines, ethyl glyoxylate, and a-ketoesters. The present protocol provides a convenient and attractive approach to various quinoline-2,4-carboxylates in moderate to good yields with excellent functional group tolerance.

Reaction视频中用户弹幕信息交互行为的情感反应生成机理研究

深入挖掘Reaction视频中弹幕信息交互行为的情感反应机理有助于理解用户弹幕创作背后的情感生成原因及情感变化过程。本文基于情感反应模型,利用定向内容分析法对哔哩哔哩网站中11个热门视频的弹幕信息资源、视频内容以及reactor反应情况展开编码研究,构建了Reaction视频中用户弹幕信息交互行为的情感反应生成机理模型。研究发现,Reaction视频弹幕信息交互行为中的情感反应生成机理总体上遵循“信息刺激-情感反应”的路径,信息刺激有时会独立唤醒情绪或特定情感态度,有时也会通过唤醒特定情感态度进而影响情绪或内化情感态度的生成。该模型有助于提升情感反应理论在计算机协助交流中的情境化探索,也将为社交媒体中用户与信息交互提供优化建议。

CeCl_3·7H_2O as an efficient catalyst for one-pot synthesis of β-amino ketones by three-component Mannich reaction

Cerium trichloride heptahydrate(CeCl_3·7H_2O) was found to be an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the three-component direct Mannich reaction of anilines and benzaldehydes with acetophenone.This protocol has advantages of high yield,no environmental pollution,mild condition,and simple work-up procedure.

Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel Coumarin Deriva- tives via a Three-component Reaction in Water

An efficient synthesis of novel coumarin derivatives via a three-component condensation of 4-hydroxycoumarin, aldehydes and aromatic amines catalyzed by sulfonic acid functionalized ionic liquid L-2-（hydroxymethyl）- 1-（4-sulfobutyl）pyrrolidinium hydrogen sulfate （[HYSBPI]·HSO4） is reported. The condensed product was obtained with excellent yields in water under microwave irradiation condition. The antitumor activities of all the synthesized compounds were assessed on two different human cancer cell lines （A-549 and MCF-7）, and the results showed that these compounds had weak-to-good antitumor activities and their IC50 ranged from 0.05 to more than 100 μmol.L-1.

Tuning electronic structure of RuO_(2)by single atom Zn and oxygen vacancies to boost oxygen evolution reaction in acidic medium

The poor stability of RuO_(2)electrocatalysts has been the primary obstacles for their practical application in polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers.To dramatically enhance the durability of RuO_(2)to construct activity-stability trade-off model is full of significance but challenging.Herein,a single atom Zn stabilized RuO_(2)with enriched oxygen vacancies(SA Zn-RuO_(2))is developed as a promising alternative to iridium oxide for acidic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Compared with commercial RuO_(2),the enhanced Ru–O bond strength of SA Zn-RuO_(2)by forming Zn-O-Ru local structure motif is favorable to stabilize surface Ru,while the electrons transferred from Zn single atoms to adjacent Ru atoms protects the Ru active sites from overoxidation.Simultaneously,the optimized surrounding electronic structure of Ru sites in SA ZnRuO_(2)decreases the adsorption energies of OER intermediates to reduce the reaction barrier.As a result,the representative SA Zn-RuO_(2)exhibits a low overpotential of 210 mV to achieve 10 mA cm^(-2)and a greatly enhanced durability than commercial RuO_(2).This work provides a promising dual-engineering strategy by coupling single atom doping and vacancy for the tradeoff of high activity and catalytic stability toward acidic OER.

Exciting lattice oxygen of nickel–iron bi-metal alkoxide for efficient electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction

High efficiency,cost-effective and durable electrocatalysts are of pivotal importance in energy conversion and storage systems.The electro-oxidation of water to oxygen plays a crucial role in such energy conversion technologies.Herein,we report a robust method for the synthesis of a bimetallic alkoxide for efficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)for alkaline electrolysis,which yields current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)at an overpotential of 215 mV in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte.The catalyst demonstrates an excellent durability for more than 540 h operation with negligible degradation in activity.Raman spectra revealed that the catalyst underwent structure reconstruction during OER,evolving into oxyhydroxide,which was the active site proceeding OER in alkaline electrolyte.In-situ synchrotron X-ray absorption experiment combined with density functional theory calculation suggests a lattice oxygen involved electrocatalytic reaction mechanism for the in-situ generated nickel–iron bimetal-oxyhydroxide catalyst.This mechanism together with the synergy between nickel and iron are responsible for the enhanced catalytic activity and durability.These findings provide promising strategies for the rational design of nonnoble metal OER catalysts.