Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Urban Spatial Form and Carbon Emissions in Poyang Lake City Group

In response to the inherent requirements of low-carbon land spatial planning in Jiangxi Province and the lack of existing research,this paper explored the mechanism of spatial form elements of Poyang Lake urban agglomeration on urban carbon emissions.Based on generalized linear regression and geographically weighted regression models,this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of carbon emissions,the spatiotemporal relationship between urban form index and carbon emissions,and the spatial differentiation of the intensity of dominant factors from 63 county-level administrative units in the Poyang Lake city group from 2005 to 2020.The results showed that:①The carbon emissions of urban agglomerations around Poyang Lake are generally increasing,and the spatial distribution of carbon emissions is characterized by high-value concentration in the middle and low-value agglomeration in pieces;②The main driving factor for the spatial heterogeneity of carbon emissions was the expansion of built-up area;③Improving urban compactness and optimizing urban form could effectively reduce urban carbon emissions.The results showcased the correlation between urban spatial landscape pattern and the spatiotemporal distribution of carbon emissions,which could make the low-carbon land spatial planning in the Poyang Lake city group more reasonable and practical.

Study on Conceptual Planning of Group Landscapes in Urban Core Areas—A Case Study of Conceptual Landscape Planning of the Core Area in Shuangsong Group,Wanzhou District of Chongqing City,China

The planning site was divided into a spatial structure of"one center,one corridor,two axes,two belts and three communities"and traffic system designed to a 3-grade road system of"artery,secondary artery and by-pass".Meanwhile,a 3-ring structure of the planning site was constructed:diffusion waterfront landscape belt,waterfront pathway and core eco-green island.Finally,the planning concepts for major ecological constructions were given.This study tried to explore the group eco-landscape pattern in urban core areas so as to provide a strategic instruction for the regional sustainable development.

SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NO2 IN PRD URBAN GROUP AND THE ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCES ANALYSIS BASED ON OMI REMOTE SENSING DATA

Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and variation trends of tropospheric NO_2 in Pearl River Delta(PRD) urban group and its adjacent areas were analyze from 2005 to 2013 based on remote sensing data from ozone monitoring instrument(OMI) satellite, and further explored the impact of human activities on NO_2. Compared with the ground observation data, the OMI NO_2 remote sensing data displayed high reliability. Due to active industrial production, high car ownership, great energy and power consumption, the average tropospheric NO_2concentration(7.4×1015molec/cm2) of PRD region is about 3 times of the adjacent areas. At the same time, the regional high pollution NO_2 in PRD region as a whole, the urban group effect is remarkable. Sinusoidal model can well fit the periodic variation of the NO_2 in PRD and adjacent areas. NO_2 concentration was highest in winter while lowest in summer. The concentration of NO_2 in PRD region is decreasing in recent 9 years, which has a significantly negative correlation with the second industry output and car ownership. This suggests that the nitrogen oxide emissions governance in PRD region had achieved initial results. The concentration of NO_2 increased significantly in the eastern and northern Guangdong Province, there are good positive correlations with the second industrial outputs and car ownerships, it is thus clear that industrial emissions and automobile exhausts are important sources of NO_2 in these regions. The concentration of NO_2 in western Guangdong area is stable.

The Influencing Factors and Inter-Group Differences for Urban Residents' Behavior of Consuming Edible Vegetable Oil

To clarify the determinant factors and inter-group differences of Chinese urban residents' edible vegetable oil consuming behavior is very important for us to understand their consumption features of edible vegetable oil,so as to guide their consuming behavior and improve China's vegetable oil industry security.In this article,urban residents of China's three traditional vegetable oil main production areas have been chosen as study objects,and multiple linear regression and one-way ANOVA have been used to do empirical analysis on the determinant factors and inter-group differences of their edible vegetable oil consuming behavior.The results indicate that the edible vegetable oil consuming behavior of urban residents from China's three traditional vegetable oil main production areas show a trend of diversification;" publicity measures"," preference evaluation"," personal characteristics" and " family characteristics" remarkably affect urban residents' edible vegetable oil consuming behavior and show obvious provincial characteristics.In addition,urban residents from different groups show differences in terms of " publicity measures" and " preference evaluation".

Bibliometric analysis of research challenges and trends in urban underground space

The utilization and development of urban underground space play a crucial role in optimizing the layout of civic architecture and enhancing the urban ecological environment,which contributes toward increasing the overall carrying capacity and promoting sustainable development in megacities.To delve into the research progress of urban underground space,knowledge maps were created using the information visualization software VOSviewer.The literature was systematically extracted from three prominent databases,namely,Web of Science,Scopus,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure.According to the bibliometric analysis of the co-citation and core words co-occurrence,the trends and challenges of research on urban underground space were identified.As highlighted by the results obtained,it still remains highly challenging to achieve interdisciplinary collaboration in urban underground space research;the research trends of urban underground space consist of collaborative planning and whole life cycle sustainable development,multisource geological data informatization and resource evaluation,infrastructure design optimization,and intelligent construction.The knowledge map,drawn using bibliometric methods,offers a quantitative analysis of literature retrieval across various levels.It is recognized as an essential tool for exploring and identifying challenges and trends in urban underground space.

荷兰代尔夫特理工大学Urban Design工作坊教学模式对我国城市设计课程教学的启示

荷兰代尔夫特理工大学的Urban Design工作坊小组教学模式,为我国城市设计教育提供了创新路径。该模式强化学生跨学科思维与问题解决能力,通过项目实践培育评审、模拟、谈判、决策及冲突管理等技能,教师角色转变为引导者和促进者,激励创新并深化团队协作与沟通。针对我国城市设计教育现状,建议加强综合能力的培养,促进理论教学与设计实践的深度结合,并构建均衡的课程评估框架。此模式的本土化将有力推动我国城市设计教育的创新与发展。

Eco-spatial Structure of Urban Agglomeration

In terms of ecological theory, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the mutualism and co- evolutionary mechanism between the eco-spatial structure and socio-economic development of the urban agglomeration, and maps out optimized modes of the eco-spatial structure of the urban agglomeration. The analysis is a case study of the urban agglomeration on different levels of global, national, provincial and local scales, on the basis of those conclusions are drawn: 1) Within the scope of the urban agglomeration, the cities should be reasonably sized and appropriately densified; the spatial combination of the urban agglomeration ought to be orderly, and its eco-spatial structure ought to be optimized and efficient; the relationship between the economic society and eco-spatial environment ought to be that of mutual benefit and co-evolution. 2) “The mode of corridor group network” is a certain trend evoked from the spatial structure of urban agglomeration. 3) The eco-spatial structure of urban agglomeration under “the mode of corridor group network” can further increase the environmental capacity of urban agglomeration, and is in favor of the harmonious relationship between man and nature.

Comparing Freshwater Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in Forest and Urban Streams of the Coastal Ecological Region of Cameroon

In this study conducted in the coastal zone of Cameroon, biological indices and functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates were used to assess the health status of two urban streams. For a better diagnosis, two streams located in coastal forest zone were used as a reference. Benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled monthly over a 3-month period (from May to July 2017) in six urban stations and six forest stations. Measurements of the physicochemical variables were done simultaneously. Physicochemical analysis revealed that urban streams are strongly polluted with high content of decaying organic matters, while forest streams are slightly polluted as indicated by the Principal Component Analysis. Concerning benthic macroinvertebrates, urban streams are poorly diversified with the proliferation of taxa tolerant to water pollution and belonging to the functional feeding groups of collectors-gatherers. Inversely, forest streams are more diversified and dominated by sensitive taxa, most belonging to the functional feeding groups of predators and shredders. These marked differences between biological indices and feeding mode of benthic macroinvertebrates in forest and urban rivers confirm the reliability of benthic macroinvertebrates as good indicators of freshwater ecosystem in the coastal zone of Cameroon.

Hepatitis C risk assessment,testing and referral for treatment in urban primary care:Role of race and ethnicity

AIM: To determine rates of hepatitis C (HCV) risk factor ascertainment, testing, and referral in urban primary care practices, with particular attention to the effect of race and ethnicity. METHODS: Retrospective chart review from four primary care sites in Philadelphia; two academic primary care practices and two community clinics was performed. Demographics, HCV risk factors, and other risk exposure information were collected. RESULTS: Four thousand four hundred and seven charts were reviewed. Providers documented histories of injection drug use (IDU) and transfusion for less than 20% and 5% of patients, respectively. Only 55% of patients who admitted IDU were tested for HCV. Overall, minorities were more likely to have information regarding a risk factor documented than their white counterparts (79% vs 68%, P < 0.0001). Hispanics were less likely to have a risk factor history documented, compared to blacks and whites (P < 0.0001). Overall, minorities were less likely to be tested for HCV than whites in the presence of a known risk factor (23% vs 35%, P = 0.004). Among patients without documentation of risk factors, blacks and Hispanics were more likely to be tested than whites (20% and 24%, vs 13%, P < 0.005, respectively). CONCLUSION: (1) Documentation of an HCV risk factor history in urban primary care is uncommon, (2)Racial differences exist with respect to HCV risk factor ascertainment and testing, (3) Minority patients, positive for HCV, are less likely to be referred for subspecialty care and treatment. Overall, minorities are less likely to be tested for HCV than whites in the presence of a known risk factor.

IMPACT OF URBANIZATION IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF EASTERN CHINA ON PRECIPITATION AND ITS UNCERTAINTY

Climate effect caused by urbanization has been an indispensable anthropogenic factor in the research on regional climate change.Based on daily precipitation data,possible effects of precipitation on the development of three city groups in eastern China are discussed.With three classification methods(TP,PD and MODIS land cover),urban and rural stations are identified.The main findings are as follows.Climate effects caused by urbanization are different from place to place.In 1960 to 2009,the urbanization brought more precipitation to the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta city groups but had no obvious effect on the precipitation of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan city group.The difference of precipitation is slight between urban and suburban areas during slow period of the urbanization from 1960 to 1979.It is more evident in the rapid period(1980 to 2009) that urbanization has positive effects on precipitation in every city group.The difference of precipitation between urban and rural stations is sensitive to the ways of distinguishing rural from urban area,which may cause uncertainties in 1960 to 1979,while it is very different in 1980 to 2009 in which urbanization favors more precipitation in all city groups and their differences in precipitation are not sensitive to the division methods.

NEW PATTERNS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA

According to the basic features of socio economic development in China, the paper retrospects the developmental process of Chinese cities in the 20th century. Based on lots of data and related research achievements, five new patterns of Chinese urban development are pointed out, that is 1) regional disparity of urban development in China is still obvious and large; 2) cities in developed region develop in the form of agglomeration and coordination; 3) spatial layout shape of Chinese cities appears relatively tight, and there exists great outside expansion inclination; 4) the construction of exploitation zone becomes the new important factor of urban development in the 1990s; 5) number increase of cities at county level become the main tide of urban development, but cause the discrete understanding for the concept of urban substantial region, which construct a challenge to urban management. In the end the article puts forward a series thoughts on the future trends and countermeasures of urban development in China.

Periodontal conditions and treatment in urban and rural population of West Bengal,India

Objective:To search adequate epidemiological data on periodontal conditions for the planning of oral health programs in Indian population,and to determine the prevalence of periodontal diseases,in regards to age and gender of urban and rural population in West Bengal.India. Methods:22 542 subjects aged 15 years onwards,representative of rural and urban areas of West Bengal were examined for their periodontal conditions using the community periodontal index(CPI).Results:Supra and/or sub gingival calculus dominated as the most frequent score (score 2) among males(76.51%) and females(76.58%),which was least affected in young age group and higher in rural population.Severity of highest score were significant(P【0.001) according to their gender,age group and habitation and had independent effects(P【0.001) on it. Mean number of sextants affected by scores 1,2,3,& 4 were more in the rural areas.Assessed treatment needed was predominantly typeⅡ(Scaling and improved oral hygiene).Conclusions: The severe periodontal condition(Score 2,3 and 4) is observed among rural males in older age group more than its urban counterparts of West Bengal,India.

面向虚拟连挂的城轨列车群组追踪运行仿真研究

城市轨道交通是解决城市交通拥堵问题最强有效的绿色交通方式,其高峰期客流激增且客流时空分布不均,而面向虚拟连挂的城轨列车动态灵活编组和群组追踪运行能有效满足复杂多变的城轨运营需求。本文剖析面向虚拟连挂的城轨列车群组追踪运行过程,给出虚拟连挂列车群组最小安全追踪距离计算公式;以单列标准车长的线路路段为一个元胞单元,设计速度及位移更新规则,构建基于元胞自动机的城轨列车群组追踪运行仿真模型;以某市地铁2号线为背景,多角度仿真刻画面向虚拟连挂的城轨列车群组追踪运行性能。仿真结果表明:面向虚拟连挂的城轨列车群组追踪运行模型能有效缩短列车最小安全追踪间隔时间,城轨线路通过能力较移动闭塞制式提高78.4%;头车延迟引起的后续列车晚点总数量及总晚点时间更小,呈现出更佳的抗干扰性与恢复性能,且宜采用小编组列车实现虚拟连挂;动态混合编组的城轨列车群组追踪运行性能最佳,单一小编组的次之,大编组列车群宜在小编组列车群前面运行;城轨列车群组旅行速度总体上与平均站间距呈正相关;当列车发车间隔大于延迟时间时,平均站间距对列车群组的延迟影响不敏感,相反,则影响较为显著。研究结论能够为面向虚拟连挂的城轨列车群组追踪运行决策提供技术支撑。

城市医疗集团门诊质量管理指标体系构建研究

目的:构建城市医疗集团门诊质量管理指标体系,为规范和提高城市医疗集团整体的门诊质量提供循证管理依据。方法:以“结构-过程-结果”模型为理论框架,通过文献回顾形成初级指标池,采用德尔菲专家咨询法对20位专家开展两轮次函询,根据函询结果对指标体系进行修改完善。结果:两轮次函询问卷有效回收率100.0%,专家权威系数均大于0.75,KendallW协调系数为0.13~0.39,最终构建的城市医疗集团门诊质量管理指标体系共包括3个一级指标、15个二级指标、46个三级指标。结论:本研究构建的城市医疗集团门诊质量管理指标体系全面、科学、实用,为城市医疗集团门诊同质化管理、搭建连续性服务、医疗流程优化、质量考核评价提供循证依据。

居民对城市森林的认知和需求研究——来自中国18个省市的城市居民问卷调查

城市森林与人密切关联,揭示居民对城市森林的使用和认知,对于城市森林的建设和优化具有重要意义。文章以胡焕庸线东侧18个省份为研究地点,开展全国范围内跨城市尺度的城市森林公众使用和认知调查,并基于7187个有效样本分析中国居民对城市森林的使用模式、效益认知和景观偏好。结果表明:1)90%的中国居民会使用城市森林,其中近郊城市森林是最常使用的类型,10%居民是由于时间和距离成本放弃对城市森林使用。2)相比于供给服务,中国居民对城市森林调节服务和文化服务重要性具有更强认知,其中改善空气质量被认为是最重要正效益;同时对城市森林负效益总体认知偏低,中国居民高度认可城市森林建设。3)城市森林正效益的重要性认知存在空间分异,其中供给服务对于华南地区最重要,调节服务和文化服务重要性在华东地区,华北和华南地区内部差异明显;城市森林负效益重要性的认知不存在地区间差异。4)中国居民总体上认为偏人工的城市森林景观具有最强吸引力和最大生态效益,但男性、本科及以上学历和高收入群体认为偏自然景观具有更强吸引力和更大效益。据此,提出强化近郊城市森林建设、提升城市服务和景观质量的对策。

城市户外劳动者服务站点空间分布评价:以厦门市厦门岛为例

基于人本主义理念,从城市户外劳动者服务站点主要服务群体的需求出发,从需求目标、模型评价、反馈评价3个层面,构建交通便捷度、道路旁站点供需指数、用地内站点供需指数等评价指标及定量化评价模型,以厦门市厦门岛爱心驿站为例,研究城市户外劳动者服务站点空间分布的合理性,并通过主要服务群体反馈评价服务站点对服务群体需求的满足程度。结果表明:厦门岛服务站点交通便捷度空间分异显著;分布在城市支路和主干道/快速路旁的服务站点数量供需基本平衡,次干道旁的站点呈轻度供不应求;居住、商业设施、商务设施、交通设施四类用地内服务站点的供需匹配度相对较好,教育科研、文化设施和体育、医疗卫生等用地的供需匹配度相对较差,服务群体对各类用地满意度评价与供需匹配状态基本契合。建议从制定规划建设标准、统筹站点规划布局、盘活存量更新改造等方面优化城市户外劳动者服务站点布局。

城市医疗集团建设公共利益与经济利益探析

城市医疗集团建设是我国城市卫生服务体系的重要供给侧改革探索。分析探讨了城市医疗集团建设中的利益产生机制,公共利益和经济利益的辩证关系及平衡策略,提出城市医疗集团建设主要通过综合医疗、规模化发展、同质化服务、数字化建设和技术创新来产生新的价值,能够带来优化医疗救治资源配置、提升区域医疗服务同质化水平和创新能力、强化区域基层医疗服务等公共利益,同时也能够带来服务效率、服务能力和服务量的提升,进而产生经济效益。城市医疗集团建设中的公共利益和经济利益的追求在服务定位和成本的可及性、有效性、合理性方面存在潜在价值冲突,同时也在履行社会责任、优化医疗资源利用、推动医疗创新和高质量发展方面存在协同机制。在城市医疗集团建设试点中应辩证看待公共利益和经济利益,探索发挥地方政府的政策引导、监管和激励作用,聚焦资源优化、创新驱动或高质量发展推进公共利益与经济利益协同,同时强化公众参与,并建立绩效评估机制。

城市河网工程群多目标联合调度优化模型

城市河网工程群联合调度优化是一项复杂的系统工程,涉及多种闸、泵、堰等水利工程,是多时段、多对象、多约束、多目标非线性优化问题。基于此,提出了面向河网水环境改善目标的水工程群多目标联合调度优化模型,综合运用了“水量水质模型—优化调度模型—优化求解算法—方案优选方法”耦合方式,构建面向河网水环境改善的工程群多目标联合调度优化模型,并采用EMMOPSO算法的优化模型求解、基于AHP-TOPSIS的联合调度方案优选,以实现对河网水工程群联合调度的优化与决策支持,选择了长三角地区某城市河网开展了优化模型关键技术的数值试验与案例分析。结果表明:相较于水工程常规调度方式,本优化模型可以减少河网生态引水量23.9%~28.5%、提升河网水体水质达标度11.8%~90.4%,优化模型能够支撑平原城市河网地区取得显著的防洪除涝、水资源调配、水环境改善等多方面的综合效益。

公立医院一院多区模式与紧密型城市医疗集团的功能解析与差异化发展

一院多区模式和紧密型城市医疗集团是中国医疗卫生服务体系应对城市化、人口老龄化和医疗资源不平衡等挑战的重要举措和我国医疗卫生体制改革的重要成果。二者在资源整合与服务协同等方面呈现出了一定的相似性,但同时在功能定位、理论基础、发展动因、组织结构等多个方面存在根本区别。本文对一院多区模式和紧密型城市医疗集团的定义、表现形式、功能和面临挑战进行辨析的基础上,对其差异化发展趋向和策略进行探讨。