Research on Defect Detection of Wind Turbine Blades Based on Morphology and Improved Otsu Algorithm Using Infrared Images

To address the issues of low accuracy and high false positive rate in traditional Otsu algorithm for defect detection on infrared images of wind turbine blades(WTB),this paper proposes a technique that combines morphological image enhancement with an improved Otsu algorithm.First,mathematical morphology’s differential multi-scale white and black top-hat operations are applied to enhance the image.The algorithm employs entropy as the objective function to guide the iteration process of image enhancement,selecting appropriate structural element scales to execute differential multi-scale white and black top-hat transformations,effectively enhancing the detail features of defect regions and improving the contrast between defects and background.Afterwards,grayscale inversion is performed on the enhanced infrared defect image to better adapt to the improved Otsu algorithm.Finally,by introducing a parameter K to adjust the calculation of inter-class variance in the Otsu method,the weight of the target pixels is increased.Combined with the adaptive iterative threshold algorithm,the threshold selection process is further fine-tuned.Experimental results show that compared to traditional Otsu algorithms and other improvements,the proposed method has significant advantages in terms of defect detection accuracy and reducing false positive rates.The average defect detection rate approaches 1,and the average Hausdorff distance decreases to 0.825,indicating strong robustness and accuracy of the method.

Three-dimensional(3D)parametric measurements of individual gravels in the Gobi region using point cloud technique

Gobi spans a large area of China,surpassing the combined expanse of mobile dunes and semi-fixed dunes.Its presence significantly influences the movement of sand and dust.However,the complex origins and diverse materials constituting the Gobi result in notable differences in saltation processes across various Gobi surfaces.It is challenging to describe these processes according to a uniform morphology.Therefore,it becomes imperative to articulate surface characteristics through parameters such as the three-dimensional(3D)size and shape of gravel.Collecting morphology information for Gobi gravels is essential for studying its genesis and sand saltation.To enhance the efficiency and information yield of gravel parameter measurements,this study conducted field experiments in the Gobi region across Dunhuang City,Guazhou County,and Yumen City(administrated by Jiuquan City),Gansu Province,China in March 2023.A research framework and methodology for measuring 3D parameters of gravel using point cloud were developed,alongside improved calculation formulas for 3D parameters including gravel grain size,volume,flatness,roundness,sphericity,and equivalent grain size.Leveraging multi-view geometry technology for 3D reconstruction allowed for establishing an optimal data acquisition scheme characterized by high point cloud reconstruction efficiency and clear quality.Additionally,the proposed methodology incorporated point cloud clustering,segmentation,and filtering techniques to isolate individual gravel point clouds.Advanced point cloud algorithms,including the Oriented Bounding Box(OBB),point cloud slicing method,and point cloud triangulation,were then deployed to calculate the 3D parameters of individual gravels.These systematic processes allow precise and detailed characterization of individual gravels.For gravel grain size and volume,the correlation coefficients between point cloud and manual measurements all exceeded 0.9000,confirming the feasibility of the proposed methodology for measuring 3D parameters of individual gravels.The proposed workflow yields accurate calculations of relevant parameters for Gobi gravels,providing essential data support for subsequent studies on Gobi environments.

Asymmetric image encryption algorithm based on a new three-dimensional improved logistic chaotic map

Based on some analyses of existing chaotic image encryption frameworks and a new designed three-dimensional improved logistic chaotic map(3D-ILM),an asymmetric image encryption algorithm using public-key Rivest–Shamir–Adleman(RSA)is presented in this paper.In the first stage,a new 3D-ILM is proposed to enhance the chaotic behavior considering analysis of time sequence,Lyapunov exponent,and Shannon entropy.In the second stage,combined with the public key RSA algorithm,a new key acquisition mathematical model(MKA)is constructed to obtain the initial keys for the 3D-ILM.Consequently,the key stream can be produced depending on the plain image for a higher security.Moreover,a novel process model(NPM)for the input of the 3D-ILM is built,which is built to improve the distribution uniformity of the chaotic sequence.In the third stage,to encrypt the plain image,a pre-process by exclusive OR(XOR)operation with a random matrix is applied.Then,the pre-processed image is performed by a permutation for rows,a downward modulo function for adjacent pixels,a permutation for columns,a forward direction XOR addition-modulo diffusion,and a backward direction XOR addition-modulo diffusion to achieve the final cipher image.Moreover,experiments show that the the proposed algorithm has a better performance.Especially,the number of pixels change rate(NPCR)is close to ideal case 99.6094%,with the unified average changing intensity(UACI)close to 33.4634%,and the information entropy(IE)close to 8.

基于改进LOG算子与Otsu算法结合的物体表面图像残损检测方法

针对物体表面残损区域存在明显的亮缺陷和不明显的暗缺陷这一特性,构建一种基于改进LOG算子与Otsu算法相结合的物体表面残损区域缺陷的边缘检测方法。首先,针对传统的LOG算子在检测图像亮缺陷边缘时检测结果不准确的问题,引入可根据图像特性自动调整模糊因子的Wiener滤波代替传统LOG算子中的高斯滤波,以提高图像亮缺陷检测的精度;其次,针对检测图像暗缺陷边缘时结果不准确的问题,使用Otsu算法分析图像暗缺陷的灰度直方图来自动确定阈值,以提升暗缺陷边缘检测准确率;最后,采用像素加权平均融合算法对检测出的物体表面图像亮、暗缺陷边缘进行融合,以实现物体表面残损缺陷检测。实验结果表明:相较于单独使用改进的LOG算子和Otsu算法,采用加权融合的方法检测到的缺陷像素点数量与原始图片中基本一致,能够更准确地对图像中物体表面残损区域的亮、暗缺陷边缘进行检测。

改进沙猫群优化算法的2D-OTSU多阈值图像分割

针对传统多级阈值图像分割方法精度低、收敛速度慢的问题,提出一种改进的沙猫群优化算法(Improved Sand Cat Swarm Optimization, ISCSO)用于全局优化,并应用于2D-OTSU多阈值图像分割任务。通过使用Henon混沌映射和反向折射机制初始化种群,使得种群的分布更加均匀,提高搜索的起始状态,从而增加算法的全局搜索能力;采用非线性灵敏度更新公式来平衡搜索多样性和收敛精度;引入可变螺旋搜索策略改进位置更新算法,以确保算法具有较好的搜索多样性和跳出局部最优解的能力。选取6张测试图像对ISCSO算法进行2DOTSU多阈值图像分割实验,采用峰值信噪比(PSNR)、特征相似性指数(FSIM)和结构相似性指数(SSIM)对实验结果进行评价。实验结果表明,基于ISCSO算法的2D-OSTU多阈值图像分割方法在图像分割任务中85.2%的结果优于对比算法,具有较强的搜索精度和收敛速度,这证明了ISCSO算法在图像分割领域的有效性和潜力。

Three-dimensional multi-constraint route planning of unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude penetration based on coevolutionary multi-agent genetic algorithm

To address the issue of premature convergence and slow convergence rate in three-dimensional (3D) route planning of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) low-altitude penetration,a novel route planning method was proposed.First and foremost,a coevolutionary multi-agent genetic algorithm (CE-MAGA) was formed by introducing coevolutionary mechanism to multi-agent genetic algorithm (MAGA),an efficient global optimization algorithm.A dynamic route representation form was also adopted to improve the flight route accuracy.Moreover,an efficient constraint handling method was used to simplify the treatment of multi-constraint and reduce the time-cost of planning computation.Simulation and corresponding analysis show that the planning results of CE-MAGA have better performance on terrain following,terrain avoidance,threat avoidance (TF/TA2) and lower route costs than other existing algorithms.In addition,feasible flight routes can be acquired within 2 s,and the convergence rate of the whole evolutionary process is very fast.

Dynamic threshold for SPWVD parameter estimation based on Otsu algorithm

Time-frequency-based methods are proven to be effective for parameter estimation of linear frequency modulation （LFM） signals. The smoothed pseudo Winger-Ville distribution （SPWVD） is used for the parameter estimation of multi-LFM signals, and a method of the SPWVD binarization by a dynamic threshold based on the Otsu algorithm is proposed. The proposed method is effective in the demand for the estimation of different parameters and the unknown signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） circumstance. The performance of this method is confirmed by numerical simulation.

Image Segmentation of Brain MR Images Using Otsu’s Based Hybrid WCMFO Algorithm

In this study,a novel hybrid Water Cycle Moth-Flame Optimization(WCMFO)algorithm is proposed for multilevel thresholding brain image segmentation in Magnetic Resonance(MR)image slices.WCMFO constitutes a hybrid between the two techniques,comprising the water cycle and moth-flame optimization algorithms.The optimal thresholds are obtained by maximizing the between class variance(Otsu’s function)of the image.To test the performance of threshold searching process,the proposed algorithm has been evaluated on standard benchmark of ten axial T2-weighted brain MR images for image segmentation.The experimental outcomes infer that it produces better optimal threshold values at a greater and quicker convergence rate.In contrast to other state-of-the-art methods,namely Adaptive Wind Driven Optimization(AWDO),Adaptive Bacterial Foraging(ABF)and Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),the proposed algorithm has been found to be better at producing the best objective function,Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR),Standard Deviation(STD)and lower computational time values.Further,it was observed thatthe segmented image gives greater detail when the threshold level increases.Moreover,the statistical test result confirms that the best and mean values are almost zero and the average difference between best and mean value 1.86 is obtained through the 30 executions of the proposed algorithm.Thus,these images will lead to better segments of gray,white and cerebrospinal fluid that enable better clinical choices and diagnoses using a proposed algorithm.

Multi-objective strategy to optimize dithering technique for high-quality three-dimensional shape measurement

Dithering optimization techniques can be divided into the phase-optimized technique and the intensity-optimized technique. The problem with the former is the poor sensitivity to various defocusing amounts, and the problem with the latter is that it cannot enhance phase quality directly nor efficiently. In this paper, we present a multi-objective optimization framework for three-dimensional(3D) measurement by utilizing binary defocusing technique. Moreover, a binary patch optimization technique is used to solve the time-consuming issue of genetic algorithm. It is demonstrated that the presented technique consistently obtains significant phase performance improvement under various defocusing amounts.

A novel trilinear decomposition algorithm:Three-dimension non-negative matrix factorization

Non-negative matrix factorization （NMF） is a technique for dimensionality reduction by placing non-negativity constraints on the matrix. Based on the PARAFAC model, NMF was extended for three-dimension data decomposition. The three-dimension nonnegative matrix factorization （NMF3） algorithm, which was concise and easy to implement, was given in this paper. The NMF3 algorithm implementation was based on elements but not on vectors. It could decompose a data array directly without unfolding, which was not similar to that the traditional algorithms do, It has been applied to the simulated data array decomposition and obtained reasonable results. It showed that NMF3 could be introduced for curve resolution in chemometrics.

Three-Dimensional Space Interpolation of Grey / Depth Image Sequence-A New Technique of Computer Graphics Synthesis

This paper advances a three-dimensional space interpolation method of grey / depth image sequence, which breaks free from the limit of original practical photographing route. Pictures can cruise at will in space. By using space sparse sampling, great memorial capacity can be saved and reproduced scenes can be controlled. To solve time consuming and complex computations in three-dimensional interpolation algorithm, we have studied a fast and practical algorithm of scattered space lattice and that of 'Warp' algorithm with proper depth. By several simple aspects of three dimensional space interpolation, we succeed in developing some simple and practical algorithms. Some results of simulated experiments with computers have shown that the new method is absolutely feasible.

基于分块Otsu法的车窗开关缺陷阈值分割方法

车窗开关的外观与性能有着不可分割的关系,表面缺陷检测是阻止缺陷产品流入市场的重要手段。针对用传统的阈值算法对车窗开关进行分割时容易造成误分现象,提出一种分块Otsu阈值法。对开关组图像去噪后分割开关,然后对开关图像进行分块阈值处理,通过提取特征进行缺陷判断。分块阈值处理是将图像分块,以整幅图像灰度最高值作为基准,对每块图像进行灰度补偿,并进行Otsu阈值法处理。实验结果表明:分块Otsu法能有效分割出车窗开关的缺陷,同时消除了光照不均现象的影响,充分验证该方法的可行性;利用多种常见阈值分割处理进行对比实验,其效果优于其他处理方法,充分验证方法的高效性。

Three-Dimensional Scenes Restore Using Digital Image

Encryption and decryption method of three-dimensional objects uses holograms computer-generated and suggests encoding stage. Information obtained amplitude and phase of a three-dimensional object using mathematically stage transforms overlap stored on a digital computer. Different three-dimensional images restore and develop the system for the expansion of the three-dimensional scenes and camera movement parameters. This article talks about these kinds of digital image processing algorithms as the reconstruction of three-dimensional model of the scene. In the present state, many such algorithms need to be improved in this paper proposing one of the options to improve the accuracy of such reconstruction.

The Study of Otsu Algorithm Applied in the Measuring of Ash Proportion

To further improve the boiler ash ratio detection methods and resource utilization, through image processing technology for boiler ash ratio analysis, the article first studied the one-dimensional Otsu algorithm, and then for the one-dimensional Otsu algorithm, in order to improve the accuracy of the algorithm, then it puts forward a two-dimensional Otsu algorithm. Finally the two-dimensional Otsu algorithm combined with the one-dimensional Otsu algorithm and the improved Otsu algorithm. By analyzing the improved Otsu algorithm, this paper considers the pixel gray value, neighborhood information, excluding light, noise and the relative efficiency of one-dimensional Otsu algorithm higher accuracy. The relative dimensional Otsu algorithm operating efficiency has been greatly improved. Improved Otsu algorithm in dealing with boiler ash ratio detection has played a very good part in the ecological environment, economic development and some other important aspects.

基于OTSU图像分割算法的碎米检测

碎米作为大米加工过程的常见产物,常会对产品的口感、味道产生影响,因此针对整米中碎米的有效筛分尤为重要。针对上述问题,该文建立基于大津法(maximal variance between clusters,OTSU)图像分割算法的逻辑回归模型用以检测整米中的碎米。将检测结果与国标法进行对比,结果表明逻辑回归模型的曲线线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)值为0.987,柯尔莫可洛夫-斯米洛夫(Kolmogorov-Smirnov,KS)值为0.909,0.5为最佳阈值;而国标法的AUC值为0.922,KS值为0.669,21为最佳阈值。该文所建立的逻辑回归模型的准确率、精确率、召回率及F1分数均高于国标法。此外,逻辑回归模型的AUC值比国标法的AUC值更接近于1,KS值也更高,表明逻辑回归模型能够更好地区分碎米与整米。长轴(x_(1))、面积(x_(2))、短轴(x_(3))与长短轴比(x_(4))4个特征参数都是模型中具有显著影响的因素,对应的线性关系为z=-139.97-5.35x_(1)+10.93x_(2)+2.86x_(3)+34.59x_(4)。

Prediction of Salinity Variations in a Tidal Estuary Using Artificial Neural Network and Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Models

The simulation of salinity at different locations of a tidal river using physically-based hydrodynamic models is quite cumbersome because it requires many types of data, such as hydrological and hydraulic time series at boundaries, river geometry, and adjusted coefficients. Therefore, an artificial neural network (ANN) technique using a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is adopted as an effective alternative in salinity simulation studies. The present study focuses on comparing the performance of BPNN, RBFNN, and three-dimensional hydrodynamic models as applied to a tidal estuarine system. The observed salinity data sets collected from 18 to 22 May, 16 to 22 October, and 26 to 30 October 2002 (totaling 4320 data points) were used for BPNN and RBFNN model training and for hydrodynamic model calibration. The data sets collected from 30 May to 2 June and 11 to 15 November 2002 (totaling 2592 data points) were adopted for BPNN and RBFNN model verification and for hydrodynamic model verification. The results revealed that the ANN (BPNN and RBFNN) models were capable of predicting the nonlinear time series behavior of salinity to the multiple forcing signals of water stages at different stations and freshwater input at upstream boundaries. The salinity predicted by the ANN models was better than that predicted by the physically based hydrodynamic model. This study suggests that BPNN and RBFNN models are easy-to-use modeling tools for simulating the salinity variation in a tidal estuarine system.

改进蜜獾算法优化OTSU的图像分割研究

群体智能算法结合图像分割技术已经成为图像处理领域中的新热点,传统的图像分割方法需要大量的人力和时间,蜜獾算法(honey badger algorithm,HBA)可以通过模拟蜜獾觅食的行为来执行优化任务,在寻找解决问题的过程中可以逐步逼近最优解来实现图像分割任务;通过反向学习策略改进蜜獾种群的初始化,提高种群多样性和分布平衡,从而提高算法的整体搜索能力;引入柯西变异因子,对算法计算得到的可行解进行扰动,使算法更易于跳出局部最优,增强算法的局部搜索能力和收敛精度;选取三幅测试图像进行分割验证,实验结果显示,融合改进蜜獾算法和二维OTSU算法得到的分割图像精度更高、效果更细致,验证了方法的有效性;综上所述,改进蜜獾算法具有更好的鲁棒性和泛化性,优化的二维OTSU算法可以更好地处理复杂场景和图像。

基于Otsu的EEG通道选择情绪识别研究

脑电信号情绪识别是数据人机交互(HCI)技术的一种,实时情感识别对于模型性能要求较高,为实现以较低的运算成本获取较高的识别精度,采用时域滑动窗口的方法扩充样本量,基于Otsu算法筛选出含有最多情绪特征信息的通道,并利用快速傅里叶变换进行脑电信号频段提取,以功率谱密度作为特征,构建了基于支持向量机等分类模型,对高唤醒-低唤醒(HA-LA)和高效价-低效价(HV-LV)两种任务进行分类。实验表明,使用SVM分类器在HA-LA情绪识别任务中得到(82.2±0.4)%的识别准确率,在HV-LV情绪识别任务中得到(83.4±0.3)%的识别准确率。所提出的时域滑动窗口能有效提取含有情绪的脑电信号,在减少数据量的情况下仍获得了不错的情绪识别性能,为实时情感识别的脑机接口提供了一种高效的模型。

基于GA-PSO-Otsu算法的质子交换膜燃料电池催化层孔结构自适应识别

车载质子交换膜燃料电池催化层的孔结构识别效率低、精度差且实验要求严格,无法适应日趋规模化的行业发展体系,因此针对该问题,本文提出基于遗传粒子群的最大化类间方差(GA-PSO-Otsu)优化算法,实现对催化层扫描电镜图孔径分布和孔隙率高效、精确且自适应的识别和测算。首先,协同引入高斯卷积核与二值化阈值最大化类间方差,有效降低噪声和手动调参对精度和效率的影响,实现自动化去噪和孔结构识别;其次,进一步提出遗传粒子群算法,有效解决传统方法遍历参数耗时长和易陷入局部优化的问题,兼具高精度和高效率的优点;最后,通过对催化层结构和灰度分布差异明显的扫描电镜图的对比实验验证,表明该方法具备良好的鲁棒性、自适应性和实用性,与遍历所有参数的传统Otsu算法的孔隙率误差小于0.5%,测算耗时降低约26.2%。

非接触电导检测土壤养分离子的谱峰自动识别方法

[目的/意义]电容耦合非接触式电导检测(Capacitively Coupled Contactless Conductivity Detection,C4D)在农业土壤养分离子检测方面发挥着重要作用。对C4D信号中离子特征峰的有效识别,有利于后续对离子特征峰的定性和定量分析,为加强农业土壤养分管理提供依据。然而,C4D信号的特征峰检测仍然存在无法自动精准识别、人工操作复杂、效率低等缺点。[方法]提出一种基于连续小波变换结合粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)和最大类间方差法(Otsu)的谱峰自动识别算法,旨在实现准确、高效、自动化的C4D信号峰识别。采用C4D检测样品溶液,得到离子谱图信号,对谱图信号进行连续小波变换,得到小波变换系数矩阵。通过搜索小波系数变换系数矩阵极值,识别出脊线和谷线。将小波系数矩阵转换为灰度图像,结合PSO和Otsu寻找最佳阈值,进一步对灰度图像的背景和目标分割,再结合原始谱图中的脊谷线识别谱图中的特征峰。[结果与讨论]测试含有41、61和102个峰的数据集,以受试者工作特性(Receiver Operating Characteristic,ROC)曲线和度量值作为评估峰值检测算法性能的准则。与其他方法相比,基于连续小波变换结合粒子群优化的最大类间方差法分割图像(Continuous Wavelet Transform C.ombined with Particle Swarm Optimization of Otsu to Segment Image,CWTSPSO)的谱峰自动识别算法的ROC曲线均保持在0.9以上,度量值分别为0.976、0.915和0.969。CWTSPSO能够有效检测出更多弱峰和重叠峰,同时检测出更少的假峰,有利于提升C4D信号的谱峰识别率和精准性。[结论]本研究提出的CWTSPSO能为非接触式电导检测农业土壤养分离子信号分析提供有力支持。