Architectural Model of a Dryland Gravel Braided River,based on 3D UAV Oblique Photogrammetric Data:A Case Study of West Dalongkou River in Eastern Xinjiang,China

Three-dimensional unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)oblique photogrammetric data were used to infer mountainous gravel braided river lithofacies,lithofacies associations and architectural elements.Hierarchical architecture and lithofacies associations with detailed lithofacies characterizations were comprehensively described to document the architectural model,architectural element scale and gravel particle scale.(1)Nine lithofacies(i.e.,Gmm,Gcm,Gcc,Gci,Gcl,Ss,Sm,Fsm and Fl)were identified and classified as gravel,sand and fine matrix deposits.These are typical depositional features of a mountainous dryland gravel-braided river.(2)Three architectural elements were identified,including channel(CH),gravel bar(GB)and overbank(OB).CH can be further divided into flow channel and abandoned channel,while GB consists of Central Gravel bar(CGB)and Margin Gravel bar(MGB).(3)The gravel bar is the key architectural element of the gravel braided river,with its geological attributes.The dimensions of GBs and their particles are various,but exhibit good relationships with each other.The grain size of GB decreases downstream,but the dimensions of GB do not.The bank erosion affects the GB dimensions,whereas channel incision and water flow velocity influence the grain size of GB.The conclusions can be applied to the dryland gravel braided river studies in tectonically active areas.

Application of Three-dimensional Teaching Mode in College English Teaching

The three-dimensional teaching mode is an integrated teaching mode,which integrates teaching design,teaching methods,teaching resources and student learning.In the English classroom,the three-dimensional teaching mode is used to make the English learning class full of vitality and to improve the effect of English classroom teaching.

Shear behavior of intact granite under thermo-mechanical coupling and three-dimensional morphology of shear-formed fractures

The shear failure of intact rock under thermo-mechanical(TM)coupling conditions is common,such as in enhanced geothermal mining and deep mine construction.Under the effect of a continuous engineering disturbance,shear-formed fractures are prone to secondary instability,posing a severe threat to deep engineering.Although numerous studies regarding three-dimensional(3D)morphologies of fracture surfaces have been conducted,the understanding of shear-formed fractures under TM coupling conditions is limited.In this study,direct shear tests of intact granite under various TM coupling conditions were conducted,followed by 3D laser scanning tests of shear-formed fractures.Test results demonstrated that the peak shear strength of intact granite is positively correlated with the normal stress,whereas it is negatively correlated with the temperature.The internal friction angle and cohesion of intact granite significantly decrease with an increase in the temperature.The anisotropy,roughness value,and height of the asperities on the fracture surfaces are reduced as the normal stress increases,whereas their variation trends are the opposite as the temperature increases.The macroscopic failure mode of intact granite under TM coupling conditions is dominated by mixed tensileeshear and shear failures.As the normal stress increases,intragranular fractures are developed ranging from a local to a global distribution,and the macroscopic failure mode of intact granite changes from mixed tensileeshear to shear failure.Finally,3D morphological characteristics of the asperities on the shear-formed fracture surfaces were analyzed,and a quadrangular pyramid conceptual model representing these asperities was proposed and sufficiently verified.

Preparing three-dimensional graphene architectures: Review of recent developments

The recent development of synthesis processes to assemble graphene sheets into porous three-dimensional （3D）macroscopic structures are reviewed, including our efforts on 3D graphene structures. Mechanisms for building 3D graphene architectures and their composite materials are also summarized. The functional systems based on 3D graphene architectures provide a significant enhancement in the efficacy due to their unique structures and properties.

Design and Fabrication of Drug Delivery Devices with Complex Architectures Based on Three-dimensional Printing Technique

A new type of implantable drug delivery devices （ DDD ） with complicated architectures were fubricated by three-dimensional printing technique, employing levofloxacin （LVFX） as a model drug. Processing parameters were optimized in riew of the layer thickness, spucing between printed lines, flow rate of liquid binder and the fast axis speed. The prepared DDD prototype consists of a double-layer structure, of which the upper region is a reservoir system and the lower region is a matrix one. The in vitro release test revealed that LVFX was released in a dual-puse pattern. This DDD may present a new strategy for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases such as bone infection in the near future.

Three-Dimensional Architecture of the Tongue Muscles by Micro-CT with a Focus on the Longitudinal Muscle

The purpose of this study was to show the benefit of visualizing a tree-dimensional (3D) image of the tongue’s muscle structure, which until now has been regarded as fully understood. Until now, no suitable 3D observation methods have been developed for soft tissue, such as the tongue, using?histological magnification. For this purpose, this study used a micro-computed tomographic method (micro-CT) and image processing after the fixation, decalcification, and dehydration of a mouse tongue. Results: 3D rendered images of tongue muscles obtained by micro-CT showed every muscle and their relationships to each other. The superior longitudinal and the hyoglossus muscles of the tongue made up one group, while the inferior longitudinal and the styloglossus muscles of the tongue made up another. The boundary of the two muscles in each group was difficult to distinguish. On the other hand, what appear to be newly described muscles were identified. These results indicate that our micro-CT method is beneficial and that classical knowledge of tongue muscles derived from two-dimensional (2D) images does not fully describe the actual complexity of the tongue muscles. In our opinion, 3D rendered images mixed with raw structure can provide a more in-depth picture of the tongue from an integrated as well as an analytical perspective.

An Efficient Three-Dimensional Coupled Normal Mode Model and Its Application to Internal Solitary Wave Problems

We present an efficient three-dimensional coupled-mode model based on the Fourier synthesis technique. In principle, this model is a one-way model, and hence provides satisfactory accuracy for problems where the forward scattering dominates. At the same time, this model provides an efficiency gain of an order of magnitude or more over two-way coupled-mode models. This model can be applied to three-dimensional range-dependent problems with a slowly varying bathymetry or internal waves. A numerical example of the latter is demonstrated in this work. Comparisons of both accuracy and efficiency between the present model and a benchmark model are also provided.

Countermeasures to Promote the Training of Prefabricated Construction Talents for Architectural Design Majors in Vocational Colleges

To concentrate on cultivating prefabricated construction talents for architectural design majors in vocational colleges in China,we should adhere to the basic principles of professional coordinated development and integration of production,teaching,and research to determine the teaching objectives and contents,set up a double-teacher teaching team,and provide sufficient resources and funds.Specifically,it is necessary to optimize the curriculum system with the guidance of professional groups,create teaching situations with information platforms,introduce Building Information Modeling(BIM)technology to connect with the actual situation,adhere to the combination of education and training to improve the practice mechanism of school-enterprise cooperation,deepen the integration pattern of post-course certificate competition,and follow the ideological and political teaching route of professional course to realize the comprehensive improvement of students’knowledge,skills,and professional quality.

Establishment of a Kind of Three-dimensional Thunderstorm Cloud Electrification-Discharge Mode

[Objective] The research aimed to study the establishment of a kind of three-dimensional thunderstorm cloud electrification-discharge mode.[Method] Based on a kind of three-dimensional strong convective cloud mode,several parameterization schemes of electrification-discharge mechanism which were mature and had experimental basis were coupled into the strong convective cloud mode.The three-dimensional strong convective mode could simulate electrification-discharge process,and the three-dimensional thunderstorm cloud electrification-discharge mode was established.[Result] By numerical simulation method,a kind of three-dimensional thunderstorm cloud electrification-discharge mode was established.The mode not only could assess the relative importance of various kinds of electrification mechanisms under different environments,but also described formation of charge center and electrical field within the thunderstorm cloud,occurrence position,propagation process and influence on charge distribution of lightning.The most important thing was that it could quantitatively describe the complicated relative relationships between power,microphysics and electric process in the evolution process of thunderstorm cloud.[Conclusion] The research provided powerful foundation for further studying the lightning characteristics of different thunderstorm clouds,the relationships between lightning characteristics and power,microphysical process,and deeply discussing the early-warning forecasting technology of thunderbolt activity.

Clinical Application of Surface Mode on Three-dimensional Ultrasonography: A Preliminary Study

To investigate the methodology and evaluate the clinical value of surface mode on three- dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS) in static anatomical structures, 62 patients with various diseases were studied. The equipment used here was Voluson 530D 3DUS imaging system and 3D volume trahsducer with frequency being 3. 0-5. 0 MHz. The 3DUS rendering method was surface mode. The results showed that: 1 ) Surface mode of 3DUS could demonstrate clearly the anatomical characteristics of the region-of-interest (ROI) and the inner wall of lesions or organs that contained fluid. The anatomic details, such as location, size, shape, and number of the ROI, could be visualized intuitively; 2) The outer anatomic features (e. g. contour, edge, configuration, etc. ) of some organs or lesions surrounded by fluid could be displayed clearly. It could be concluded that surface mode on 3DUS could provide more diagnostic information than two-dimensional ultrasonography (2DUS) in some cases and could served as a beneficial supplement to ZDUS in clinical practice.

Helical Mode Absolute Statistical Equilibrium of Ideal Three-Dimensional Hall Magnetohydrodynamics

Using the Fourier helical decomposition, we obtain the absolute statistical equilibrium spectra of left- and right-handed helical modes in the incompressible ideal Hall magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). It is shown that the left-handed helical modes play a major role on the spectral transfer properties of turbulence when the generalized helicity and magnetic helicity are both positive. In contrast, the right-handed helical modes will play a major role when both are negative. Furthermore, we also find that if the generalized helicity and magnetic helicity have opposite signs, the tendency of equilibrium spectra to condense at the large or small wave numbers will be presented in different helical sectors. This indicates that the generalized helicity dominates the forward cascade and the magnetic helicity dominates the inverse cascade properties of the Hall MHD turbulence.

Three-Dimensional Architecture of the Mouse Tongue Muscles Using Micro-CT with a Focus on the Transverse, Vertical, and Genioglossus Muscles

Background: The suitability of micro-computed tomography (CT) for soft tissue applications has been well documented. Although the application of micro-CT to the three dimensional (3D) structure of the tongue muscle has been reported, a 3D rendering and/or a schematic view of the tongue muscle has yet to be published. Material and Method: First, muse tongues were fixed and decalcified, and then the vertical muscle (Ve), the transverse muscle (Tr), and/or the genioglossus muscle of the mouse tongue (Ge) were analyzed using micro-CT and are shown in this report in rendered images and pattern diagrams. Results: 1) The Tr is classified into three parts: the first part extends from the middle to the apical part of the tongue;the second part is strongly connected to the superior longitudinal muscles of the tongue (Lo);the third part fans out from the middle to the root of the tongue. 2) The Ve is classified into two main groups: the first group joins the dorsal and the lateral parts of the tongue;the second group joins the dorsal part and the floor of the tongue. 3) Ge is classified into four parts: three parts comprise the Ge apical and middle parts of the tongue, with one part in the inferior longitudinal muscles of the tongue, one joining the lingual septum of the tongue (LS), and the other joining the sub-surface of the dorsal part of the Lo. The remaining Ge exits in a fan-like manner through the root of the tongue and then joins the Tr.

Foreign Landscape Architecture History Teaching by Introducing Three-dimensional Graphic Analysis:A Case Study of Italian Renaissance Gardens

Taking contents of Italian Renaissance gardens in the course Foreign Landscape Architecture History as an example,this paper introduces case teaching method and analyzes application of three-dimensional graphic analysis method in case teaching in detail,aiming at typical cases of Italian Renaissance gardens,namely,Villa Medici,Fiesole and Villa d’Este,Tivoli.Three-dimensional graphic analysis can help students form intuitive feeling of terrain and space,further understand the typical gardening techniques of foreign gardens,so as to improve the teaching effect of landscape architecture history course.

The understanding and thinking of vocational architectural sketch＇s teaching mode

This paper analyzes problems of the current vocational architectural art in the sketch teaching, for example the touch of teaching content and professional development, which lags bebind the development of architectural design professional and is not conducive to the development of students＇ creative, thinking. Articles combined with years of practical teaching experience, teaching on proposed architectural sketches observation and expression, skill and artistic accomplishment of physical form and structure of the combination is suitable to improve the professional development needs of architectural sketches teaching ideas.

Research on the Art Teaching Mode of Landscape Architecture

In view of the art teaching situation in landscape architecture major,that is,the overall art quality and starting point of the teaching objects are low;the class hour of arts curriculum is few and far between;the content of art teaching is lack of reasonability,scientificity and pertinence;the professional qualities of the teachers are on the low side,the conceptualization of art teaching mode of landscape architecture is put forward,that is,emphasis on the purpose and significance of the art learning of landscape architecture,achievement of reasonability,scientificity and pertinence of teaching content,implementation of scientific and reasonable teaching method,improvement of the professional qualities of art teachers of landscape architecture.It is expected to incardinate the significance and value of art in landscape architecture as the basic professional course and finally cultivate the really needed design talents of landscape architecture.

Three-dimensional physical simulation and optimization of water injection of a multi-well fractured-vuggy unit

With complex fractured-vuggy heterogeneous structures, water has to be injected to facilitate oil pro- duction. However, the effect of different water injection modes on oil recovery varies. The limitation of existing numerical simulation methods in representing fractured- vuggy carbonate reservoirs makes numerical simulation difficult to characterize the fluid flow in these reservoirs. In this paper, based on a geological example unit in the Tahe Oilfield, a three-dimensional physical model was designed and constructed to simulate fluid flow in a fractured-vuggy reservoir according to similarity criteria. The model was validated by simulating a bottom water drive reservoir, and then subsequent water injection modes were optimized. These were continuous （constant rate）, intermittent, and pulsed injection of water. Experimental results reveal that due to the unbalanced formation pressure caused by pulsed water injection, the swept volume was expanded and consequently the highest oil recovery increment was achieved. Similar to continuous water injection, intermit- tent injection was influenced by factors including the connectivity of the fractured-vuggy reservoir, well depth, and the injection-production relationship, which led to a relative low oil recovery. This study may provide a constructive guide to field production and for the devel- opment of the commercial numerical models specialized for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.

Three-dimensional visualization interactive system for digital twin workshop

To improve the human-physical-virtual coordination and integration of the digital twin workshop,3D visual monitoring and human-computer interaction of the digital twin workshop was studied.First,a novel 6D model of the 3D visualization interactive system for digital twin workshops is proposed.As the traditional 5D digital twin model ignores the importance of human-computer interaction,a new dimension of the user terminal was added.A hierarchical real-time data-driven mapping model for the workshop production process is then proposed.Moreover,a real-time data acquisition method for the industrial Internet of things is proposed based on OPC UA(object linking and embedding for process control unified architecture).Based on the 6D model of the system,the process of creating a 3D visualization virtual environment based on virtual reality is introduced,in addition to a data-driven process based on the data management cloud platform.Finally,the 6D model of the system was confirmed using the blade rotor test workshop as the object,and a 3D visualization interactive system is developed.The results show that the system is more transparent,real-time,data-driven and more efficient,as well as promotes the coordination and integration of human-physical-virtual,which has practical significance for developing digital twin workshops.

The Architecture and Operation Mode of Virtual Supply Chain

Virtual supply chain, as a modern collaborative mode of enterprises, is important to decrease the cost and improve the efficiency and the quality of supply chains, and to satisfy customers. Based on the analysis of the conception and characteristics of the virtual supply chain, the architecture of virtual supply chain is built, and corresponding objects, tasks, information and technologies are described. Three operation modes-Order-driven, manufacturer-centered, and retailer-centered are researched. As a case, virtual supply chain is applied in the electronic commerce and networked customization system of ceramic products.

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of One New Polyoxotungstate Connected via Potassium Cations with aThree-dimensional Framework: H_6Na_2K_4(H_2W_(12)O_(42))Cl_2·14H_2O

One new polyoxotungstate complex H6Na2K4（H2W12O42）Cl2·14H2O 1 has been prepared in the beaker solution and characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. Crystal data： H36Cl2K4W12Na2O56, Mr = 3411.77, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a = 11.5734（16）, b = 14.3136（19）, c = 15.459（2）A, β = 105.601（2）°, V = 2466.5（6）A^3, Z = 2, Dc = 4.594 g/cm^3, F（000） = 3008, μ = 28.447 mm^-1, R = 0.0574 and wR = 0.1239 （Ⅰ〉 2σ（Ⅰ））. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis results reveal that a three-dimensional architecture in the title compound is constructed from the H2W12O42^10- units linked by potassium.

Three-Dimensional Scattering of an Incident Plane Shear Horizontal Guided Wave by a Partly through-Thickness Hole in a Plate

We investigate the three-dimensional （3D） scattering problem of an incident plane shear horizontal wave by a partly through-thickness hole in an isotropic plate, in which the Lamb wave modes are also included due to the mode conversions by the scattering obstacle in the 3D problem. An analytical model is presented such that the wave fields are expanded in all of propagating and evanescent SH modes and Lamb modes, and the scattered far-fields of three fundamental guided wave modes are analyzed numerically for different sizes of the holes and frequencies. The numerical results are verified by comparing with those obtained by using the approximate Poisson/Mindlin plate model for small hole radius and low frequency. It is also found that the scattering patterns are different from those of the SO wave incidence. Our work is useful for quantitative evaluation of the plate-like structure by ultrasonic guided waves.