Exact analytical solution to three-dimensional phase change heat transfer problems in biological tissues subject to freezing

Analytically solving a three-dimensional （3-D） bioheat transfer problem with phase change during a freezing process is extremely difficult but theoretically important. The moving heat source model and the Green function method are introduced to deal with the cryopreservation process of in vitro biomaterials. Exact solutions for the 3-D temperature transients of tissues under various boundary conditions, such as totally convective cooling, totally fixed temperature cooling and a hybrid between them on tissue surfaces, are obtained. Furthermore, the cryosurgical process in living tissues subject to freezing by a single or multiple cryoprobes is also analytically solved. A closed-form analytical solution to the bioheat phase change process is derived by considering contributions from blood perfusion heat transfer, metabolic heat generation, and heat sink of a cryoprobe. The present method is expected to have significant value for analytically solving complex bioheat transfer problems with phase change.

Three-dimensional boundary layer flow of Maxwell nanofluid:mathematical model

The present research explores the three-dimensional boundary layer flow of the Maxwell nanofluid. The flow is generated by a bidirectional stretching surface. The mathematical formulation is carried out through a boundary layer approach with the heat source/sink, the Brownian motion, and the thermophoresis effects. The newly developed boundary conditions requiring zero nanoparticle mass flux at the boundary are employed in the flow analysis for the Maxwell fluid. The governing nonlinear boundary layer equations through appropriate transformations are reduced to the coupled nonlin- ear ordinary differential system. The resulting nonlinear system is solved. Graphs are plotted to examine the effects of various interesting parameters on the non-dimensional velocities, temperature, and concentration fields. The values of the local Nusselt number are computed and examined numerically.

Constructal optimization of cylindrical heat sources with forced convection based on entransy dissipation rate minimization

Based on constructal theory and entransy theory,the optimal designs of constant-and variable-cross-sectional cylindrical heat sources are carried out by taking dimensionless equivalent resistance minimization as optimization objective.The effects of the cylindrical height,the cylindrical shape and the ratio of thermal conductivity of the fin to that of the heat source are analyzed.The results show that when the volume of the heat source is fixed,there exists an optimal ratio of the center-to-centre distance of the fin and the heat source to the cylinder radius which leads to the minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance.With the increase in the height of the cylindrical heat source and the ratio of thermal conductivity,the minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance decreases gradually.For the heat source model with inverted variable-cross-sectional cylinder,there exist an optimal ratio of the center-to-centre distance of the fin and the heat source to the cylinder radius and an optimal radius ratio of the smaller and bigger circles of the cylindrical fin which lead to a double minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance.Therefore,the heat transfer performance of the cylindrical heat source is improved by adopting the cylindrical model with variable-cross-section.The optimal constructs of the cylindrical heat source based on the minimizations of dimensionless maximum thermal resistance and dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance are different.When the thermal security is ensured,the optimal construct of the cylindrical heat source based on minimum equivalent thermal resistance can provide a new alternative scheme for the practical design of heat source.The results obtained herein enrich the work of constructal theory and entransy theory in the optimal design field of the heat sources,and they can provide some guidelines for the designs of practical heat source systems.

Numerical analysis on phase change material melting process of a conical spiral tube energy storage tank

Spiral tube heat exchangers have been widely used in phase change energy storage due to the compact structure and large heat transfer area.Therefore,this study numerically analyzes the effects of spiral tube diameter,number of rotations,and unsteady heat source on the melting process in conical spiral tube energy storage tanks using Fluent software.The results indicate that when the tube diameter is increased from 8 to 11 mm and the number of rotations is increased from 5 to 8,the melting time is extended by 15.74%and 17.83%,respectively.The energy storage capacity increases by 0.64%and 1.83%,respectively.The average energy storage rate decreases by 13.05%and 13.58%,respectively.Furthermore,the sinusoidal wave heat source with small heat source periods has little effect on the melting process,while large heat source periods can significantly accelerate the melting.And the influence of amplitudes on the thermal storage performance under large heat source periods is more obvious.When the heat source period is increased from 2 to 160 min and the amplitude is increased from 5 to 20 K,the melting time is reduced by 24.50%and 17.20%,respectively.The total energy storage capacity decreases by 6.36%and increases by 1.62%,respectively.The average energy storage rate increases by 24.03%and 22.74%,respectively.The study provides guidance for the performance optimization of spiral tube phase change systems.

三维静态锥体热源穿孔等离子弧焊接熔池的数值模拟

采用三维静态锥体热源对穿孔等离子弧焊接过程进行数值模拟。研究了三维锥体热源作用下焊接熔池流体流场、熔池内金属的流动方式以及熔池流体运动速度的变化。并与高斯热源条件下的模拟结果做比较。最后进行PAW焊接工艺试验,通过测量尾焰信号及焊缝尺寸等判断焊接熔池特征,将理论计算结果与试验测量值进行比较。

锥形管无模拉拔壁厚变化规律

为了确定拉拔速度控制模型,掌握变形规律,制定无模拉拔工艺,研究了无模拉拔成形不锈钢锥形管变形过程中锥形管壁厚变化的影响因素以及壁厚变化的规律.结果表明,锥形管无模拉拔过程中,随着拉拔速度的增大、锥形管长度的延长,锥形管壁厚呈直线规律减小;壁厚变化规律与坯料的原始厚径比以及进料速度、感应加热温度、冷热源距离等工艺参数有关;进料速度越大、感应加热温度越低、冷热源距离越小,无模拉拔后锥形管壁厚越大;原始厚径比为1/6的管坯,当进料速度为20～40 mm.min-1、感应加热温度为900～1 100℃、冷热源距离为15～40 mm时,工艺参数对壁厚的影响因子k为1.02～1.15.

T-250钢薄壁圆筒环缝电子束焊接数值模拟

利用ANSYS软件采用三维锥体热源模型对T-250钢薄壁圆筒环缝电子束焊接进行数值模拟。结果表明,三维锥体热源模型适合于电子束焊接的数值模拟,由此得出的温度场分布与实际焊接情况吻合良好。残余应力在距焊缝中心轴向4 mm区域内会发生突变或者达到最大值。这个区域正好对应实际焊接的焊缝区和热影响区,说明数值模拟与实际焊接有较好的对应性。