Application of oblique photogrammetry technique in geological hazard identification and decision management

With the continuous development of the oblique photography technique, it has been used more and more widely in the field of geological disasters. It can quickly obtain the three-dimensional(3D) real scene model of dangerous mountainous areas under the premise of ensuring the safety of personnel while restoring the real geographic information as much as possible. However, geological disaster areas are often accompanied by many adverse factors such as cliffs and dense vegetation. Based on this, the paper introduced the flight line design of oblique photogrammetry, analyzed the multi-platform data fusion processing, studied the multi-period data dynamic evaluation technology and proposed the application methods of data acquisition, early warning, disaster assessment and decision management suitable for geological disaster identification through the analysis of actual cases, which will help geologists to plan and control geological work more scientifically and rationally, improve work efficiency and reduce the potential personnel safety hazards in the process of geological survey, to offer technical support to the application of oblique photogrammetry in geological disaster identification and decision making and provide the scientific basis for personal and property safety protection and later-stage geological disaster management in disaster areas.

Application of the Guiding Template Designed by Three-dimensional Printing Data for the Insertion of Sacroiliac Screws:a New Clinical Technique

This study is aimed to explore the clinical application of the guiding template designed by three-dimensional printing data for the insertion of sacroiliac screws.A retrospective study of 7 cases (from July 2016 to December 2016),in which the guiding template printed by the three-dimensional printing technique was used for the insertion of sacroiliac screws of patients with posterior ring injuries of pelvis,was performed.Totally,4 males and 3 females were included in template group,aged from 38to 65years old (mean 50.86±8.90).Of them,5 had sacral fractures (3 with Denis type Ⅰ and 2 with type Ⅱ)and 2 the separation of sacroiliac joint.Guiding templates were firstly made by the three-dimensional printing technique based on the pre-operative CT data. Surgical operations for the stabilization of pelvic ring by applying the guiding templates were carried out.A group of 8 patients with sacroiliac injuries treated by percutaneous sacroiliac screws were analyzed as a control group retrospectively.The time of each screw insertion,volume of intra-operative blood loss,and the exposure to X ray were analyzed and the Matta's radiological criteria were used to evaluate the reduction quality.The Majeed score was used to evaluate postoperative living quality.The visual analogue scale (VAS)was applied at different time points to judge pain relief of coccydynia.All the 7 patients in the template group were closely followed up radiographically and clinically for 14 to 20 months,mean (16.57±2.44)months.Totally 9 sacroiliac screws for the S 1 and S2 vertebra were inserted in the 7 patients.The time length for each screw insertion ranged from 450 to 870 s,mean (690.56±135.68)s,and the number of times of exposure to X ray were 4 to 8,mean (5.78±1.20).The intra-operative blood loss ranged from 45to 120 mL,mean (75±23.32)mL.According to Matta's radiology criteria,the fracture and dislocation reduction were excellent in 6cases and good in 1.The pre-operative VAS score ranged from 5.2 to 8.1,mean (7.13±1.00).The average one-week/six-month post-operative VAS was (5.33±0.78)and (1.33±0.66),respectively (P<0.05 when compared with pre-operative VAS).The 12-month post-operative Majeed score ranged from 86 to 92,mean (90.29±2.21).The three-dimensional printed guiding template for sacroiliac screw insertion,which could significantly shorten the operation time,provide a satisfied outcome of the stabilization of the pelvic ring,and protect doctors and patients from X-ray exposure,might be a practical and valuable new clinical technique.

Three-Dimensional Rigid-Plastic FEM Simulation of Bulk Forming Processes with New Contact and Remeshing Techniques

Some techniques such as die surface description, contact judgement algorithm and remeshing are proposed to improve the robustness of the numerical solution. Based on these techniques, a three-dimensional rigid-plastic FEM code has been developed. Isothermal forging process of a cylindrical housing has been simulated. The simulation results show that the given techniques and the FEM code are reasonable and feasible for three-dimensional bulk forming processes.

An ADI technique for solving three-dimensional coastal circulation

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The Efficiency of the Moire Technique for Three-Dimensional Measures of Grape Bunches

This study was carried out in the University of Campinas to study the three-dimensional reconstruction of grape bunches through the application of the Moire technique as an alternative and innovative method, using low-cost equipment for data acquisition. This study proposed the three-dimensional visualization of grapes and topography on Xi axes through the Moire projection technique. The artificial grapes with a 20 cm long bunch and 18.45 mm average diameter for each grape were used. A projector was used to generate a grid with light and dark lines. The grape bunch was placed on a holder, illuminated by a sinusoidal grid and photographed. After processing the images, a three-dimensional map of the fruit and topography on Xi axes were obtained. The three-dimensional fruit observation allows the visualization of the higher and lower regions of the three-dimensional configuration through a color map. This result makes it possible to obtain size and shape of the grape bunch, allowing for the process automation of product selection and classification.

Constitutive modeling for mechanical behaviors of geomaterials, newdesigns and techniques in geotechnical engineering

This Special Issue of the Journal of Rock Mechanics and GeotechnicalEngineering （JRMGE） contains 13 papers prepared by internationalexperts on various general topics in geomechanics, rockmechanics and geotechnical engineering. It represents a usefulmix of theoretical developments, testing and practical applications.We present in the following brief details in the papers, alphabeticallyin accordance with the last name of the first author.Barla presents a review of tunneling techniques with emphasison the full-face method combining full-face excavation and facereinforcement by means of fiber-glass elements with a yieldcontrolsupport. This method has been used successfully in difficultgeologic conditions, and for a wide spectrum of ground situations.The validation of the method with respect to the Saint Martin LaPorte access adit along the LyoneTurin Base tunnel experiencingseverely squeezing conditions during excavation is also includedin the paper. The numerical modeling with consideration of therock mass time-dependent behavior showed a satisfactory agreementwith monitoring results.

Three-dimensional printing for heart diseases: clinical application review

Heart diseases remain the top threat to human health,and the treatment of heart diseases changes with each passing day.Convincing evidence shows that three-dimensional(3D)printing allows for a more precise understanding of the complex anatomy associated with various heart diseases.In addition,3D-printed models of cardiac diseases may serve as effective educational tools and for hands-on simulation of surgical interventions.We introduce examples of the clinical applications of different types of 3D printing based on specific cases and clinical application scenarios of 3D printing in treating heart diseases.We also discuss the limitations and clinically unmet needs of 3D printing in this context.

A rapid micro-magnetic resonance imaging scanning for three-dimensional reconstruction of peripheral nerve fascicles

The most common methods for three-dimensional reconstruction of peripheral nerve fascicles include histological and radiology techniques. Histological techniques have many drawbacks including an enormous manual workload and poor image registration. Micro-magnetic resonance imaging（Micro-MRI）, an emerging radiology technique, has been used to report results in the brain, liver and tumor tissues. However, micro-MRI usage for obtaining intraneural structures has not been reported. The aim of this study was to present a new imaging method for three-dimensional reconstruction of peripheral nerve fascicles by ~1T micro-MRI. Freshly harvested sciatic nerve samples from an amputated limb were divided into four groups. Two different scanning conditions（Mannerist Solution/GD-DTPA contrast agent, distilled water） were selected, and both T1 and T2 phases programmed for each scanning condition. Three clinical surgeons evaluated the quality of the images via a standardized scale. Moreover, to analyze deformation of the two-dimensional image, the nerve diameter and total area of the micro-MRI images were compared after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results show that rapid micro-MRI imaging method can be used for three-dimensional reconstruction of the fascicle structure. Nerve sample immersed in contrast agent（Mannerist Solution/GD-DTPA） and scanned in the T1 phase was the best. Moreover, the nerve sample was scanned freshly and can be recycled for other procedures. MRI images show better stability and smaller deformation compared with histological images. In conclusion, micro-MRI provides a feasible and rapid method for three-dimensional reconstruction of peripheral nerve fascicles, which can clearly show the internal structure of the peripheral nerve.

Undrained Stability Analysis of Three-Dimensional Rectangular Trapdoor in Clay

A new collapse model of the trapdoors,three-dimensional rectangular trapdoor(3DRT),is presented for ground surface collapse.Undrained stability of 3DRT is examined with the upper bound method of plasticity limit analysis theory.The soil where the trapdoors are located is assumed to be a perfectly plastic model with a Tresca yield criterion.Block analysis technique is employed to investigate the collapse of 3DRT.The model is divided into five different block types and added up to ten rigid blocks.According to the law of conservation of energy,the critical stability ratios of 3DRT are obtained through a search proceeding.The results of upper bound solution for 3DRT are given,and three trapdoor models with depth various are discussed during the application in the stability analysis of square trapdoors.The critical stability ratios can be used in the design of underground excavation and support force.

Fluoro-ruby retrograde tracing and three-dimensional visualization of the corticospinal tract in the guinea pig

Fluoro-ruby was injected into the posterior funiculus of the spinal cord in the cervical （C5-T2） and lumbar （L3-6） segments of adult guinea pigs. The spinal cord was cut into serial frozen sections. The Fluoro-ruby labeling was clearly delineated from the surrounding structure. The labeling traversed the cervical, thoracic and lumbar segments, and was located on the ventral portion of the posterior funiculus on the injected side, proximal to the intermediate zone of the dorsal gray matter. The fluorescence area narrowed rostro-caudally. The spinal cord, spinal cord gray matter and corticospinal tract were reconstructed using 3D-DOCTOR 4.0 software, resulting in a robust three-dimensional profile. Using functionality provided by the reconstruction software, free multi-angle observation and sectioning could be conducted on the spinal cord and corticospinal tract. Our experimental findings indicate that the Fluoro-ruby retrograde fluorescent tracing technique can accurately display the anatomical location of corticospinal tract in the guinea pig and that three-dimensional reconstruction software can be used to provide a three-dimensional image of the corticospinal tract.

A Three-Dimensional Prediction Method for Thermal Diffusion

A three-dimensional, first order turbulence closure, thermal diffusion model is described in this paper. The governing equations consist of an equation of continuity, three components of momentum, conservation equations for salt, temperature and subgridscale energy, and an equation of state. In the model, according to the hypothesis of Kolmogorov and Prandtl, the viscosity coefficient of turbulent flow of homogeneous fluid is related to the local turbulent energy, and the horizontal and vertical exchange coefficients of mass, heat and momentum are computed with the introduction of subgridscale turbulence energy. The governing equations are solved by finite difference techniques. This model is applied to the Jiaozhou bay to predict thermal pollution by the Huangdao power plant. An instantaneous tidal current field is computed, then the distribution of temperature increment is predicted, and finally the effect of wind stress on thermal discharge is discussed.

基于偏颇体质学说探析耳穴压豆运用

耳穴压豆疗法是以中医学理论与现代全息生物学为依据,通过刺激耳廓上相应脏腑感受区达到防治疾病目的的一种中医养生适宜技术。其具有使用便利、疗效独特、价格低廉、适用范围广等特点,但由于使用标准、推广范围、社会认知度等原因,耳穴压豆并未得到广泛的临床运用,且在偏颇体质调理中的使用处于待开发阶段。文章基于王琦院士提出的偏颇体质学说,探讨耳穴压豆在改善偏颇体质人群中的原理、现实运用、优势和现存问题,并为今后的推广运用提出策略与建议,以期能拓宽耳穴压豆疗法的使用范围和适宜人群,为健康问题的解决提供更多方便可行的方案,推动中医药养生健康产业发展,提升基层中医药服务能力,助推健康中国战略实行。

Surgical treatment of left-sided renal carcinoma with grade II inferior vena cava tumour thrombus: a report and review of the literature

The surgical removal of renal cancer,along with the thrombectomy of the inferior vena cava tumour thrombus,represents a remarkable milestone in urological surgery.This procedure is not only technically demanding but also requires a high level of surgical expertise.Managing renal cancer combined with a vena cava tumour thrombus poses significant challenges,especially when dealing with combined grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ inferior vena cava tumour thrombus.The complexity of these cases is further exacerbated by the delicate anatomical structures involved and the need to preserve critical vessels while effectively removing the tumour.The Upper Urethral Tumour Treatment Centre of Weifang People's Hospital successfully treated a challenging case of left renal tumour combined with grade II inferior vena cava tumour thrombus.The surgical team,led by experienced urological surgeons,meticulously planned and executed the procedure,ensuring minimal trauma to the patient and complete removal of the tumour.This achievement not only demonstrates the hospital's commitment to providing state-of-the-art surgical care but also highlights the importance of continued research and training in urological oncology.The successful outcome of this case is a testament to the expertise and dedication of the medical team and offers hope to patients facing similar complex surgical challenges.

Study on Estimation Method of Rock Mass Discontinuity Shear Strength Based on Three-Dimensional Laser Scanning and Image Technique

The estimation of shear strength of rock mass discontinuity is always a focal, but difficult, problem in the field of geotechnical engineering. Considering the disadvantages and limitation of exist- ing estimation methods, a new approach based on the shadow area percentage （SAP） that can be used to quantify surface roughness is proposed in this article. Firstly, by the help of laser scanning technique, the three-dimensional model of the surface of rock discontinuity was established. Secondly, a light source was simulated, and there would be some shadows produced on the model surface. Thirdly, to obtain the value of SAP of each specimen, the shadow detection technique was introduced for use. Fourthly, compared with the result from direct shear testing and based on statistics, an empirical for- mula was found among SAP, normal stress, and shear strength. Data of Yujian （~ River were used as an example, and the following conclusions have been made. （1） In the case of equal normal stress, the peak shear stress is positively proportional to the SAP. （2） The formula for estimating was derived, and the predictions of peak-shear strength made with this equation well agreed with the experimental re- suits obtained in laboratory tests.

Establishment of a novel constitutive model considering dynamic recrystallization behavior of Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy during hot deformation

The hot deformation behavior of Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy fabricated by hot compressed sintering was investigated under various conditions of compression tests in the deformation temperature range of 975-1075 °C with 20 °C intervals and the strain rate range of 0.001-1.0 s^-1. Based on the experimental data, a novel constitutive relation combining a series of models was developed, including Zener-Hollomon parameter (Z), DRX critical model and kinetics model. The results show that the hot-deformed activation energy Q is calculated to be 410.172 kJ/mol, the ratio of critical strain (εc) to peak strain (εp) is a constant value of about 0.67. The predicted stress obtained by the established constitutive equations matches well with the true stress from experimental data. Despite large errors occur at the stage where strain rate is 0.1 s^-1 and the values of true strain are less than 0.1, the stage of large strain should be more concerned during plastic forming. Furthermore, the predicting accuracy with the DRX kinetics model was testified by an electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) technique.

基于图像测量三轴试验的土的本构模型构建方法

本构模型是描述材料力学性状的数学物理方程,是进行土工结构变形计算和稳定分析的必要条件。基于图像测量的三轴试验发现,土样在局部出现破坏后,各处的应力应变关系变得不一致,破坏区域和未破坏区域的变形形态和应力应变关系截然不同,土样整体的应力应变曲线是土样各处变形的综合结果。由此可以考虑:土一点只有未破坏和破坏两种状态,未破坏时服从应力应变关系,破坏时沿着破坏方向滑动、服从摩擦规律。因此,构建本构模型的思路可以由描述土样整体从初始加载到形成剪切带的应力应变全过程,变成只描述未破坏状态土的应力应变性质,建立破坏前的应力应变关系模型,选用合适的破坏准则判断一点是否破坏,破坏后应用滑动摩擦定律。

《养性延命录》对导引术的贡献

《养性延命录》由南朝士族陶弘景所著,取材浩繁,引用《大有经》《小有经》《服气经》《黄庭经》《道德经》等三十余部古籍,所载六字诀呼吸吐纳术、“五禽戏”练法等养生思想和锻炼方法,得到了历代医家认可,成为导引术中的经典功法。书中记述了与导引术相关的大量原文,保存了不少汉魏晋时期重要思想资料,使诸多古代养生法的内容得以窥其原貌,避免湮没。书中记载了二十余种切实可行的导引方式,如五禽戏、六字诀呼吸吐纳法等,对后世有重要影响。陶弘景的养生思想中,不仅强调养神,“形”的习练同样重要,人作为自然界万物之一,有气机的升降出入,形就是其外在形式,“形”具则“神”兼修,因此应形神兼修。该书中形神兼修、服气调息、导引按摩、房中术等实用性和实践性较强的养生方法,使养生理论和体系走向系统和成熟。

波浪褶造型方法与应用

分析了波浪褶的装饰性、造型性、延展性、可塑性等特征。深入研究了波浪褶3种造型方法:一是利用弧长公式导出绘制波浪褶的计算法;二是以4种领饰波浪褶为例,探讨了波浪褶"剪、放、顺"的平面构成法;三是总结了波浪褶"一针一剪一浪"的立体构成法,并对构成波浪褶造型的关键要素进行了分析与实证。同时对波浪褶的装饰技巧、螺线应用技巧及组合技巧进行了解析。

450MPa级船用钢冲击实验研究及Cowper-Symonds本构模型(英文)

应用SHPB实验技术,对450MPa级船用钢进行冲击实验研究,建立了材料的Cowper-Symonds本构模型。冲击实验发现,450MPa级船用钢的动态流动应力在变形过程中,具有二次非线性强化规律、存在强化转折点。当材料的变形小于转折点的应变时,动态流动应力随应变的增大而增大;当材料的变形大于转折点的应变时,动态流动应力随应变的增大而减小。文中还对Cowper-Symonds本构模型的适用范围进行了讨论。

高应变率下聚丙烯纤维混凝土动态力学性能和本构模型

利用改进的分离式Hopkinson压杆试验装置对聚丙烯纤维混凝土进行冲击压缩试验和显微镜细观成像分析。对5种不同纤维掺量的混凝土分别进行不同应变率的单轴冲击压缩试验;对比试验所得应力应变曲线,分析应变率、纤维掺量对混凝土强度、韧性和弹塑性等指标的影响;在显微镜下观察不同纤维含量混凝土的破损情况并进一步分析应变率和纤维掺量对损伤演化的影响;基于引入损伤的黏弹性本构模型对试验结果进行拟合分析。研究结果表明:冲击荷载作用下,纤维混凝土表现出明显的非线性及率敏感性;纤维混凝土动态强度及韧性指标随着纤维掺量的增加呈抛物线式的方式发展;损伤演化速度随应变率的增加而降低;引入损伤的黏弹性本构模型能够较好地表达纤维混凝土动态应力应变关系。