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Nonlinear Flow Properties of Newtonian Fluids through Rough Crossed Fractures
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作者 Zhenguo Liu Shuchen Li +1 位作者 Richeng Liu Changzhou Zheng 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2023年第8期1427-1440,共14页
The nonlinear flow properties of Newtonian fluids through crossed fractures are estimated by considering the influences of length,aperture,and surface roughness of fractures.A total of 252 computational runs are perfo... The nonlinear flow properties of Newtonian fluids through crossed fractures are estimated by considering the influences of length,aperture,and surface roughness of fractures.A total of 252 computational runs are performed by creating 36 computational domains,in which the Navier-Stokes equations are solved.The results show that the nonlinear relationship between flow rate and hydraulic gradient follows Forchheimer’s law–based equation.When the hydraulic gradient is small(i.e.,10^(−6)),the streamlines are parallel to the fracture walls,indicating a linear streamline distribution.When the hydraulic gradient is large(i.e.,10^(0)),the streamlines are disturbed by a certain number of eddies,indicating a nonlinear streamline distribution.The patterns of eddy distributions depend on the length,aperture,and surface roughness of fractures.With the increment of hydraulic gradient from 10^(−6) to 10^(0),the ratio of flow rate to hydraulic gradient holds constants and then decreases slightly and finally decreases robustly.The fluid flow experiences a linear flow regime,a weakly nonlinear regime,and a strongly nonlinear regime,respectively.The critical hydraulic gradient ranges from 3.27×10^(−5) to 5.82×10^(−2) when fracture length=20–100mmandmechanical aperture=1–5mm.The joint roughness coefficient plays a negligible role in the variations in critical hydraulic gradient compared with fracture length and/or mechanical aperture.The critical hydraulic gradient decreases with increasing mechanical aperture,following power-law relationships.The parameters in the functions are associated with fracture length. 展开更多
关键词 crossed fractures surface roughness APERTURE nonlinear flow critical hydraulic gradient
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Effect of navigation endoscopy combined with threedimensional printing technology in the treatment of orbital blowout fractures
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作者 Jin-Hai Yu Yao-Hua Wang +3 位作者 Qi-Hua Xu Chao Xiong An-An Wang Hong-Fei Liao 《International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)》 SCIE CAS 2024年第3期570-576,共7页
●AIM:To explore the combined application of surgical navigation nasal endoscopy(NNE)and three-dimensional printing technology(3DPT)for the adjunctive treatment of orbital blowout fractures(OBF).●METHODS:Retrospectiv... ●AIM:To explore the combined application of surgical navigation nasal endoscopy(NNE)and three-dimensional printing technology(3DPT)for the adjunctive treatment of orbital blowout fractures(OBF).●METHODS:Retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of patients with OBF who underwent surgical treatment at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University between July 2012 and November 2022.The control group consisted of patients who received traditional surgical treatment(n=43),while the new surgical group(n=52)consisted of patients who received NNE with 3DPT.The difference in therapeutic effects between the two groups was evaluated by comparing the duration of the operation,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),enophthalmos difference,recovery rate of eye movement disorder,recovery rate of diplopia,and incidence of postoperative complications.●RESULTS:The study included 95 cases(95 eyes),with 63 men and 32 women.The patients’age ranged from 5 to 67y(35.21±15.75y).The new surgical group and the control group exhibited no statistically significant differences in the duration of the operation,BCVA and enophthalmos difference.The recovery rates of diplopia in the new surgical group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 1mo[OR=0.03,95%CI(0.01–0.15),P<0.0000]and 3mo[OR=0.11,95%CI(0.03–0.36),P<0.0000]postoperation.Additionally,the recovery rates of eye movement disorders at 1 and 3mo after surgery were OR=0.08,95%CI(0.03–0.24),P<0.0000;and OR=0.01,95%CI(0.00–0.18),P<0.0000.The incidence of postoperative complications was lower in the new surgical group compared to the control group[OR=4.86,95%CI(0.95–24.78),P<0.05].●CONCLUSION:The combination of NNE and 3DPT can shorten the recovery time of diplopia and eye movement disorder in patients with OBF. 展开更多
关键词 orbital blowout fracture three-dimensional printing ENDOSCOPY surgical navigation
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Numerical simulation of three-dimensional fracturing fracture propagation in radial wells
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作者 WANG Tianyu GUO Zhaoquan +4 位作者 LI Gensheng MA Zhengchao YONG Yuning CHANG Xin TIAN Shouceng 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 SCIE 2023年第3期699-711,共13页
A fracture propagation model of radial well fracturing is established based on the finite element-meshless method.The model considers the coupling effect of fracturing fluid flow and rock matrix deformation.The fractu... A fracture propagation model of radial well fracturing is established based on the finite element-meshless method.The model considers the coupling effect of fracturing fluid flow and rock matrix deformation.The fracture geometries of radial well fracturing are simulated,the induction effect of radial well on the fracture is quantitatively characterized,and the influences of azimuth,horizontal principle stress difference,and reservoir matrix permeability on the fracture geometries are revealed.The radial wells can induce the fractures to extend parallel to their axes when two radial wells in the same layer are fractured.When the radial wells are symmetrically distributed along the direction of the minimum horizontal principle stress with the azimuth greater than 15,the extrusion effect reduces the fracture length of radial wells.When the radial wells are symmetrically distributed along the direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress,the extrusion increases the fracture length of the radial wells.The fracture geometries are controlled by the rectification of radial borehole,the extrusion between radial wells in the same layer,and the deflection of the maximum horizontal principal stress.When the radial wells are distributed along the minimum horizontal principal stress symmetrically,the fracture length induced by the radial well decreases with the increase of azimuth;in contrast,when the radial wells are distributed along the maximum horizontal principal stress symmetrically,the fracture length induced by the radial well first decreases and then increases with the increase of azimuth.The fracture length induced by the radial well decreases with the increase of horizontal principal stress difference.The increase of rock matrix permeability and pore pressure of the matrix around radial wells makes the inducing effect of the radial well on fractures increase. 展开更多
关键词 radial well three-dimensional fracturing fracture propagation simulation finite element-meshless method fluid-solid coupling
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Three-dimensional(3D) Printing Technology Assisted by Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pubic Rami Fractures 被引量:8
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作者 Wen-bo NIE Fa-gang YE +4 位作者 Jian-lin MA Jiang-ping YU Ming-xing WANG Zhen-hua ZHANG Fu-jie SUN 《Current Medical Science》 SCIE CAS 2018年第5期827-833,共7页
The feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology cgmbined with minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of pubic rami fractures was explored.From August 2015 to October 2017,a series of 30 patients who... The feasibility of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology cgmbined with minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of pubic rami fractures was explored.From August 2015 to October 2017,a series of 30 patients who underwent surgical stabilization of their anterior pelvic ring (all utilizing the 3D printing technology)by one surgeon at a single hospital were studied.The minimally invasive incisions were made through anterior inferior cilia spine and pubic nodule.Data collected included the operative duration,the blood loss,the damage of the important tissue,the biographic union and therecovery of the function after the operation.Measurements on inlet and outlet pelvic cardiograph were made immediately post-operation and at all follow-up clinic visits.The scores of reduction and function were measured during follow-up.Results showed that the wounds of 30 patients were healed in the first stage,and there was no injury of important structures such as blood vessels and nerves.According to the Matta criteria,excellent effectiveness was obtained in 22 cases and good in 8 cases.According to the functional evaluation criteria of Majeed,excellent effectiveness was obtained in 21 cases and good in 9 cases.It was suggested that the 3D printing technology assisted by minimally invasive surgery can better evaluate the pelvic fracture before operation,which was helpful in plate modeling, and can shorten surgery duration and reduce intraoperative blood loss and complications. The positioning accuracy was improved,and better surgical result was finally achieved. 展开更多
关键词 digital design three-dimensional printing ANTERIOR ring PELVIC fractures MINIMALLY INVASIVE surgery
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Three-dimensional computed tomography mapping of posterior malleolar fractures 被引量:2
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作者 Qi-Hang Su Juan Liu +5 位作者 Yan Zhang Jun Tan Mei-Jun Yan Kai Zhu Jin Zhang Cong Li 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》 SCIE 2020年第1期29-37,共9页
BACKGROUND Posterior malleolar fractures have been reported to occur in<40%of ankle fractures.AIM To reveal the recurrent patterns and characteristics of posterior malleolar fractures by creating fracture maps of t... BACKGROUND Posterior malleolar fractures have been reported to occur in<40%of ankle fractures.AIM To reveal the recurrent patterns and characteristics of posterior malleolar fractures by creating fracture maps of the posterior malleolar fractures through the use of computed tomography mapping.METHODS A consecutive series of posterior malleolar fractures was used to create threedimensional reconstruction images,which were oriented and superimposed to fit an ankle model template by both aligning specific biolandmarks and reducing reconstructed fracture fragments.Fracture lines were found and traced in order to generate an ankle fracture map.RESULTS This study involved 112 patients with a mean age of 49,comprising 32 pronationexternal rotation grade IV fractures and 80 supination-external rotation grade IV fractures according to the Lauge-Hansen classification system.Three-dimensional maps showed that the posterior ankle fracture fragments in the supinationexternal rotation grade IV group were relatively smaller than those in the pronation-external rotation grade IV group after posterior malleolus fracture.In addition,the distribution analyses on posterior malleolus fracture lines indicated that the supination-external rotation grade IV group tended to have higher linear density but more concentrated and orderly distribution fractures compared to the pronation-external rotation grade IV group.CONCLUSION Fracture maps revealed the fracture characteristics and recurrent patterns of posterior malleolar fractures,which might help to improve the understanding of ankle fracture as well as increase opportunities for follow-up research and aid clinical decision-making. 展开更多
关键词 three-dimensional imaging MAPS Ankle fractures Computed tomography
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Three-dimensional photoelasticity analysis of Nitinol Patellar Concentrator for treating patellar fractures 被引量:2
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作者 许硕贵 张春才 +5 位作者 王家林 苏佳灿 曾伟明 顾绍德 张林春 方如华 《Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China)》 CAS 2000年第2期115-117,共3页
Objective: To analyze the biomechanical elements of Nitinol Patellar Concentrator (NT-PC) in heating commi nuted patellar fractures. Methods: The epoxy resin three dimensional photoelasticity pobal model was loaded wi... Objective: To analyze the biomechanical elements of Nitinol Patellar Concentrator (NT-PC) in heating commi nuted patellar fractures. Methods: The epoxy resin three dimensional photoelasticity pobal model was loaded with Nitinol Patellar Connector and frozen. After dividing layer, photographing and tracing, iterative method was used to calculate the stress value of every tuteed node. Rasults: Stress values of 1 262 nodes scattered in 12 layers were obtained The stress distribution indicated that an overall stress field was yield when the NT-PC fixated the patellar model, and there existed fixative stress in the facies articularis and distal pole of the patellar model. Conclusion: The NT-PC has evident therapeutic effect for the comminuted patellar fractures. The existing stress is helpful in maintaining anatomical reduction and enhancing fracture healing. 展开更多
关键词 Nitinol PATELLAR CONCENTRATOR three-dimensional PHOTOELASTICITY stress PATELLAR fracturE
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Surface characteristics analysis of fractures induced by supercritical CO_(2)and water through three-dimensional scanning and scanning electron micrography 被引量:7
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作者 Hao Chen Yi Hu +4 位作者 Jiawei Liu Feng Liu Zheng Liu Yong Kang Xiaochuan Wang 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2021年第5期1047-1058,共12页
Morphology of hydraulic fracture surface has significant effects on oil and gas flow,proppant migration and fracture closure,which plays an important role in oil and gas fracturing stimulation.In this paper,we analyze... Morphology of hydraulic fracture surface has significant effects on oil and gas flow,proppant migration and fracture closure,which plays an important role in oil and gas fracturing stimulation.In this paper,we analyzed the fracture surface characteristics induced by supercritical carbon dioxide(SC-CO_(2))and water in open-hole and perforation completion conditions under triaxial stresses.A simple calculation method was proposed to quantitatively analyze the fracture surface area and roughness in macro-level based on three-dimensional(3D)scanning data.In micro-level,scanning electron micrograph(SEM)was used to analyze the features of fracture surface.The results showed that the surface area of the induced fracture increases with perforation angle for both SC-CO_(2)and water fracturing,and the surface area of SC-CO_(2)-induced fracture is 6.49%e58.57%larger than that of water-induced fracture.The fractal dimension and surface roughness of water-induced fractures increase with the increase in perforation angle,while those of SC-CO_(2)-induced fractures decrease with the increasing perforation angle.A considerable number of microcracks and particle peeling pits can be observed on SC-CO_(2)-induced fracture surface while there are more flat particle surfaces in water-induced fracture surface through SEM images,indicating that fractures tend to propagate along the boundary of the particle for SC-CO_(2)fracturing while water-induced fractures prefer to cut through particles.These findings are of great significance for analyzing fracture mechanism and evaluating fracturing stimulation performance. 展开更多
关键词 Supercritical carbon dioxide(SC-CO_(2))fracturing Quantitative characterization of surface features Surface roughness and fractal dimension three-dimensional(3D)scanning Scanning electron micrograph(SEM)
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A combination of digital design and three-dimensional printing to assist treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures using percutaneous kyphoplasty 被引量:2
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作者 Hui Lu Daixiang Jiang +1 位作者 Qimei Wu Rong Liu 《Global Health Journal》 2021年第4期190-193,共4页
Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the preoperative digita1 design combined with three dimensional(3D)printing models to assist percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP)treatment for thoracolumbar compression frac tur... Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the preoperative digita1 design combined with three dimensional(3D)printing models to assist percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP)treatment for thoracolumbar compression frac tures.Methods:From January 2018 to August 2020,we obtained data of 99 patients diagnosed thoracolumbar compression fractures.These patients were divided into control group(n=50)underwent traditional PKP surgery,and observation group(n=49)underwent preoperative digital design combined with 3D printing model assisted PKP treatment.The clinical efficacy was evaluated with five parameters,including operation time,number of intraoperative radiographs,visual analogue scale(VAS)score,Cobb Angle change,and high compression rate of injured vertebrae.Results:There were statistically significant differences of operation time and number of intraoperative radio graphs between the two groups(P<0.05).For VAS score,Cobb Angle change and vertebral height compression rate,all of these three parameters were significantly improved when the patients accepted surgery teatment in two groups(P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences between control group and observation group for these three parameters either before or after surgery(P>0.05).Conclusions:Through the design of preoperative surgical guide plate and the application of 3D printing model to guide the operation,the precise design of preoperative surgical puncture site and puncture Angle of the injured vertebra was realized,the number of intraoperative radiographs was reduced,the operation time was shortened and the operation efficiency was improved. 展开更多
关键词 Percutaneous kyphoplasty Thoracolumbar compression fracture Digital design three-dimensional(3D)printing
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Theory,technology and practice of shale gas three-dimensional development:A case study of Fuling shale gas field in Sichuan Basin,SW China 被引量:2
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作者 SUN Huanquan CAI Xunyu +5 位作者 HU Degao LU Zhiyong ZHAO Peirong ZHENG Aiwei LI Jiqing WANG Haitao 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 SCIE 2023年第3期651-664,共14页
In the Jiaoshiba block of the Fuling shale gas field,the employed reserves and recovery factor by primary well pattern are low,no obvious barrier is found in the development layer series,and layered development is dif... In the Jiaoshiba block of the Fuling shale gas field,the employed reserves and recovery factor by primary well pattern are low,no obvious barrier is found in the development layer series,and layered development is difficult.Based on the understanding of the main factors controlling shale gas enrichment and high production,the theory and technology of shale gas three-dimensional development,such as fine description and modeling of shale gas reservoir,optimization of three-dimensional development strategy,highly efficient drilling with dense well pattern,precision fracturing and real-time control,are discussed.Three-dimensional development refers to the application of optimal and fast drilling and volume fracturing technologies,depending upon the sedimentary characteristics,reservoir characteristics and sweet spot distribution of shale gas,to form"artificial gas reservoir"in a multidimensional space,so as to maximize the employed reserves,recovery factor and yield rate of shale gas development.In the research on shale gas three-dimensional development,the geological+engineering sweet spot description is fundamental,the collaborative optimization of natural fractures and artificial fractures is critical,and the improvement of speed and efficiency in drilling and fracturing engineering is the guarantee.Through the implementation of three-dimensional development,the overall recovery factor in the Jiaoshiba block has increased from 12.6%to 23.3%,providing an important support for the continuous and stable production of the Fuling shale gas field. 展开更多
关键词 shale gas three-dimensional development Fuling shale gas field Sichuan Basin fine reservoir description precision fracturing recoveryfactor
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Fracture of two three-dimensional parallel internal cracks in brittle solid under ultrasonic fracturing 被引量:7
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作者 Haijun Wang Hanzhang Li +3 位作者 Lei Tang Xuhua Ren Qingxiang Meng Chun Zhu 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第3期757-769,共13页
Similar to hydraulic fracturing(HF), the coalescence and fracture of cracks are induced within a rock under the action of an ultrasonic field, known as ultrasonic fracturing(UF). Investigating UF is important in both ... Similar to hydraulic fracturing(HF), the coalescence and fracture of cracks are induced within a rock under the action of an ultrasonic field, known as ultrasonic fracturing(UF). Investigating UF is important in both hard rock drilling and oil and gas recovery. A three-dimensional internal laser-engraved crack(3D-ILC) method was introduced to prefabricate two parallel internal cracks within the samples without any damage to the surface. The samples were subjected to UF. The mechanism of UF was elucidated by analyzing the characteristics of fracture surfaces. The crack propagation path under different ultrasonic parameters was obtained by numerical simulation based on the Paris fatigue model and compared to the experimental results of UF. The results show that the 3D-ILC method is a powerful tool for UF research.Under the action of an ultrasonic field, the fracture surface shows the characteristics of beach marks and contains powder locally, indicating that the UF mechanism includes high-cycle fatigue fracture, shear and friction, and temperature load. The two internal cracks become close under UF. The numerical result obtained by the Paris fatigue model also shows the attraction of the two cracks, consistent with the test results. The 3D-ILC method provides a new tool for the experimental study of UF. Compared to the conventional numerical methods based on the analysis of stress-strain and plastic zone, numerical simulation can be a good alternative method to obtain the crack path under UF. 展开更多
关键词 three-dimensional internal laser-engraved crack(3D-ILC) Interaction of cracks Ultrasonic fatigue Penny-shaped crack fracture mechanics High-cycle fatigue
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Micromechanical modeling of asphalt concrete fracture using a user-defined three-dimensional discrete element method 被引量:4
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作者 陈俊 汪林兵 黄晓明 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第12期3595-3602,共8页
A user-defined micromechanical model was developed to investigate the fracture mechanism of asphalt concrete (AC) using the discrete element method (DEM). A three-dimensional (3D) AC beam was built using the "F... A user-defined micromechanical model was developed to investigate the fracture mechanism of asphalt concrete (AC) using the discrete element method (DEM). A three-dimensional (3D) AC beam was built using the "Fish" language provided by PFC3D and was employed to simulate the three-point bending beam test at two temperature levels: -10 ℃ and 15℃. The AC beam was modeled with the consideration of the microstructural features of asphalt mixtures. Uniaxial complex modulus test and indirect tensile strength test were conducted to obtain material input parameters for numerical modeling. The 3D predictions were validated using laboratory experimental measurements of AC beams prepared by the same mixture design. Effects of mastic stiffness, cohesive and adhesive strength on AC fracture behavior were investigated using the DEM model. The results show that the 3D DEM fracture model can accurately predict the fracture patterns of asphalt concrete. The ratio of stress at interfaces to the stress in mastics increases as the mastic stiffness decreases; however, the increase in the cohesive strength or adhesive strength shows no significant influence on the tensile strength. 展开更多
关键词 asphalt concrete fracture behavior MICROMECHANICS discrete element method three-dimensional simulation
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Discontinuity development patterns and the challenges for 3D discrete fracture network modeling on complicated exposed rock surfaces 被引量:1
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作者 Wen Zhang Ming Wei +8 位作者 Ying Zhang Tengyue Li Qing Wang Chen Cao Chun Zhu Zhengwei Li Zhenbang Nie Shuonan Wang Han Yin 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第6期2154-2171,共18页
Natural slopes usually display complicated exposed rock surfaces that are characterized by complex and substantial terrain undulation and ubiquitous undesirable phenomena such as vegetation cover and rockfalls.This st... Natural slopes usually display complicated exposed rock surfaces that are characterized by complex and substantial terrain undulation and ubiquitous undesirable phenomena such as vegetation cover and rockfalls.This study presents a systematic outcrop research of fracture pattern variations in a complicated rock slope,and the qualitative and quantitative study of the complex phenomena impact on threedimensional(3D)discrete fracture network(DFN)modeling.As the studies of the outcrop fracture pattern have been so far focused on local variations,thus,we put forward a statistical analysis of global variations.The entire outcrop is partitioned into several subzones,and the subzone-scale variability of fracture geometric properties is analyzed(including the orientation,the density,and the trace length).The results reveal significant variations in fracture characteristics(such as the concentrative degree,the average orientation,the density,and the trace length)among different subzones.Moreover,the density of fracture sets,which is approximately parallel to the slope surface,exhibits a notably higher value compared to other fracture sets across all subzones.To improve the accuracy of the DFN modeling,the effects of three common phenomena resulting from vegetation and rockfalls are qualitatively analyzed and the corresponding quantitative data processing solutions are proposed.Subsequently,the 3D fracture geometric parameters are determined for different areas of the high-steep rock slope in terms of the subzone dimensions.The results show significant variations in the same set of 3D fracture parameters across different regions with density differing by up to tenfold and mean trace length exhibiting differences of 3e4 times.The study results present precise geological structural information,improve modeling accuracy,and provide practical solutions for addressing complex outcrop issues. 展开更多
关键词 Complicated exposed rock surfaces Discontinuity characteristic variation three-dimensional discrete fracture network modeling Outcrop study Vegetation cover and rockfalls
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3D DEM simulation of hard rock fracture in deep tunnel excavation induced by changes in principal stress magnitude and orientation 被引量:1
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作者 Weiqi Wang Xia-Ting Feng +2 位作者 Qihu Wang Rui Kong Chengxiang Yang 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第10期3870-3884,共15页
To achieve the loading of the stress path of hard rock,the spherical discrete element model(DEM)and the new flexible membrane technology were utilized to realize the transient loading of three principal stresses with ... To achieve the loading of the stress path of hard rock,the spherical discrete element model(DEM)and the new flexible membrane technology were utilized to realize the transient loading of three principal stresses with arbitrary magnitudes and orientations.Furthermore,based on the deep tunnel of China Jinping Underground Laboratory II(CJPL-II),the deformation and fracture evolution characteristics of deep hard rock induced by excavation stress path were analyzed,and the mechanisms of transient loading-unloading and stress rotation-induced fractures were revealed from a mesoscopic perspective.The results indicated that the stressestrain curve exhibits different trends and degrees of sudden changes when subjected to transient changes in principal stress,accompanied by sudden changes in strain rate.Stress rotation induces spatially directional deformation,resulting in fractures of different degrees and orientations,and increasing the degree of deformation anisotropy.The correlation between the degree of induced fracture and the unloading magnitude of minimum principal stress,as well as its initial level is significant and positive.The process of mechanical response during transient unloading exhibits clear nonlinearity and directivity.After transient unloading,both the minimum principal stress and minimum principal strain rate decrease sharply and then tend to stabilize.This occurs from the edge to the interior and from the direction of the minimum principal stress to the direction of the maximum principal stress on theε1-ε3 plane.Transient unloading will induce a tensile stress wave.The ability to induce fractures due to changes in principal stress magnitude,orientation and rotation paths gradually increases.The analysis indicates a positive correlation between the abrupt change amplitude of strain rate and the maximum unloading magnitude,which is determined by the magnitude and rotation of principal stress.A high tensile strain rate is more likely to induce fractures under low minimum principal stress. 展开更多
关键词 Deep hard rock tunnel three-dimensional(3D)discrete element model(DEM) Magnitude and orientation of principal stress Transient unloading fracture mechanism
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Three-dimensional analysis of spreading and mixing of miscible compound in heterogeneous variable-aperture fracture 被引量:1
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作者 Zhi Dou Zhi-fang Zhou Jin-guo Wang 《Water Science and Engineering》 EI CAS CSCD 2016年第4期293-299,共7页
As mass transport mechanisms,the spreading and mixing(dilution) processes of miscible contaminated compounds are fundamental to understanding reactive transport behaviors and transverse dispersion.In this study,the sp... As mass transport mechanisms,the spreading and mixing(dilution) processes of miscible contaminated compounds are fundamental to understanding reactive transport behaviors and transverse dispersion.In this study,the spreading and dilution processes of a miscible contaminated compound in a three-dimensional self-affine rough fracture were simulated with the coupled lattice Boltzmann method(LBM).Moment analysis and the Shannon entropy(dilution index) were employed to analyze the spreading and mixing processes,respectively.The corresponding results showed that the spreading process was anisotropic due to the heterogeneous aperture distribution.A compound was transported faster in a large aperture region than in a small aperture region due to the occurrence of preferential flow.Both the spreading and mixing processes were highly dependent on the fluid flow velocity and molecular diffusion.The calculated results of the dilution index showed that increasing the fluid flow velocity and molecular diffusion coefficient led to a higher increasing rate of the dilution index. 展开更多
关键词 MIXING SPREADING SOLUTE transport three-dimensional fracturE SELF-AFFINITY Hurst exponent
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Multi-slice spiral computed tomography in diagnosing unstable pelvic fractures in elderly and effect of less invasive stabilization 被引量:5
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作者 Jian-Guo Huang Zhi-Yuan Zhang +2 位作者 Liang Li Guang-Bao Liu Xiong Li 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》 SCIE 2022年第14期4470-4479,共10页
BACKGROUND Older people are more likely to experience pelvic fractures than younger people.Multi-slice spiral computed tomography(CT)uses three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technology to generate 3D images that can c... BACKGROUND Older people are more likely to experience pelvic fractures than younger people.Multi-slice spiral computed tomography(CT)uses three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction technology to generate 3D images that can clearly demonstrate the 3D space of fractures and detect fractures at a higher rate.AIM To investigate the clinical value of multi-slice spiral CT 3D reconstruction in the diagnosis of unstable pelvic fractures in the elderly as well as the effect of less invasive stabilization.METHODS A total of 86 patients with unstable pelvic fractures treated between March 2016 and March 2019 underwent femoral supracondylar bone traction before surgery.Pelvic radiography and multi-row spiral CT were performed successively once the patient’s vital signs and hemodynamic indices were stable.Secondary processing of the original data was performed to obtain 3D reconstruction images and determine the vertical displacement of the pelvis.After basic or complete reduction,minimally invasive internal fixation using hollow lag screws was performed.The detection rates of fracture location and classification by X-ray and CT reconstruction were compared.Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of preoperative 3D reconstruction to compare postoperative reduction,wound healing time,fracture healing time,hospitalization time,visual analog scale(VAS)score,poor internal fixation,and functional recovery.RESULTS The diagnostic coincidence rates of X-rays for pubic symphysis,ilium wing,sacroiliac periarticular,and sacral fractures were lower than those of CT reconstruction.The coincidence rate of CT reconstruction in the clinical classification of pelvic fractures was 100%,whereas 11 cases were misdiagnosed by X-ray;the total coincidence rate was 87.21%.The total excellent and good rates of postoperative reduction were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).The wound healing,fracture healing,and hospitalization times were significantly shorter in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).The VAS scores decreased in both groups postoperatively and were lower in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).The total incidence of poor postoperative internal fixation was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).The overall rate of postoperative functional recovery was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Multi-slice spiral CT has high guiding significance for the diagnosis,classification,and treatment of unstable pelvic fractures in the elderly.Preoperative 3D reconstruction can effectively shorten the operation time and promote fracture healing,while minimally invasive internal fixation can effectively reduce pain and promote functional recovery of fracture sites,making it worthy of clinical application. 展开更多
关键词 Multi-slice spiral computed tomography three-dimensional reconstruction Unstable pelvic fracture Minimally invasive internal fixation Diagnostic value
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Microstructure-based three-dimensional characterization of chip formation and surface generation in the machining of particulate-reinforced metal matrix composites 被引量:2
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作者 Qi Wu Liangchi Zhang 《International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing》 EI 2020年第4期74-85,共12页
Particulate-reinforced metal matrix composites(PRMMCs)are difficult to machine due to the inclusion of hard,brittle reinforcing particles.Existing experimental investigations rarely reveal the complex material removal... Particulate-reinforced metal matrix composites(PRMMCs)are difficult to machine due to the inclusion of hard,brittle reinforcing particles.Existing experimental investigations rarely reveal the complex material removal mechanisms(MRMs)involved in the machining of PRMMCs.This paper develops a three-dimensional(3D)microstructure-based model for investigating the MRM and surface integrity of machined PRMMCs.To accurately mimic the actual microstructure of a PRMMC,polyhedrons were randomly distributed inside the matrix to represent irregular SiC particles.Particle fracture and matrix deformation and failure were taken into account.For the model’s capability comparison,a two-dimensional(2D)analysis was also conducted.Relevant cutting experiments showed that the established 3D model accurately predicted the material removal,chip morphology,machined surface finish,and cutting forces.It was found that the matrix-particle-tool interactions led to particle fractures,mainly in the primary shear and secondary deformation zones along the cutting path and beneath the machined surface.Particle fracture and dilodegment greatly influences the quality of a machined surface.It was also found that although a 2D model can reflect certain material removal features,its ability to predict microstructural variation is limited. 展开更多
关键词 particulate-reinforced metal-matrix composites MMCS finite element three-dimensional modelling particle fracture material removal surface integrity
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Low-Energy Multi-Impact Fracture Resistance of Cross Rolled Low Chromium Cast Semi-Steel Containing Rare Earth Grinding Ball
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作者 王海燕 《Journal of Rare Earths》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2004年第S1期154-156,共3页
The low-energy multi-impact fracture resistance of the cross rolled low chromium cast semi-steel containing RE grinding balls was studied. Moreover, its damage mode was analyzed by means of metallographic examination,... The low-energy multi-impact fracture resistance of the cross rolled low chromium cast semi-steel containing RE grinding balls was studied. Moreover, its damage mode was analyzed by means of metallographic examination, scanning electron microscopic examination and drop ball test. The results show that it can obtain extractive impact fracture resistance after proper heat treatment. More advantages were obtained for the ball worked in the condition of low-imp ductility act. The main reasons are the function of RE and the change in morphology of eutectic carbide network. 展开更多
关键词 cross rolled low chromium cast semi-steel grinding ball impact fracture resistance rare earths
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Morphological evolution and flow conduction characteristics of fracture channels in fractured sandstone under cyclic loading and unloading 被引量:1
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作者 Quanle Zou Zihan Chen +4 位作者 Jinfei Zhan Chunmei Chen Shikang Gao Fanjie Kong Xiaofeng Xia 《International Journal of Mining Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第12期1527-1540,共14页
In coal mining,rock strata are fractured under cyclic loading and unloading to form fracture channels.Fracture channels are the main flow narrows for gas.Therefore,expounding the flow conductivity of fracture channels... In coal mining,rock strata are fractured under cyclic loading and unloading to form fracture channels.Fracture channels are the main flow narrows for gas.Therefore,expounding the flow conductivity of fracture channels in rocks on fluids is significant for gas flow in rock strata.In this regard,graded incremental cyclic loading and unloading experiments were conducted on sandstones with different initial stress levels.Then,the three-dimensional models for fracture channels in sandstones were established.Finally,the fracture channel percentages were used to reflect the flow conductivity of fracture channels.The study revealed how the particle size distribution of fractured sandstone affects the formation and expansion of fracture channels.It was found that a smaller proportion of large blocks and a higher proportion of small blocks after sandstone fails contribute more to the formation of fracture channels.The proportion of fracture channels in fractured rock can indicate the flow conductivity of those channels.When the proportion of fracture channels varies gently,fluids flow evenly through those channels.However,if the proportion of fracture channels varies significantly,it can greatly affect the flow rate of fluids.The research results contribute to revealing the morphological evolution and flow conductivity of fracture channels in sandstone and then provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the gas flow pattern in the rock strata of coal mines. 展开更多
关键词 CT imaging Flow conductivity three-dimensional reconstruction Proportion of fracture channels Cyclic loading and unloading
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Experimental study and characteristic finite element simulation of solute transport in a cross-fracture 被引量:1
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作者 Long-fei Chen yong Huang 《Geoscience Frontiers》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第6期963-967,共5页
A new method, the characteristic finite element method (CFEM), was developed to simulate solute transport in a cross-fracture. The solution of this mathematical model for solute transport considered that the contrib... A new method, the characteristic finite element method (CFEM), was developed to simulate solute transport in a cross-fracture. The solution of this mathematical model for solute transport considered that the contribution of convection and dispersion terms was deduced using the single-step, trace-back method and routine finite element method (FEM). Also, experimental models were designed to verify the reliability and validity of the CFEM. Results showed that experimental data from a single fracture model agreed with numerical simulations obtained from the use of the CFEM. However, routine FEM caused numerical oscillation and dispersion during the calculation of solute concentration. Furthermore, in this cross-fracture model, CFEM simulation results predicted that the arrival time of concentration peak values decreased with increasing flux. Also, the second concentration peak value was obvious with the decrease of flux, which may have resulted from the convergence of solute concentrations from main, and branch, fractures. 展开更多
关键词 Solute transport cross-fracture CFEM Dispersion
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Boundary effect of toppling failure based on three-dimensional mechanical model
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作者 CAI Jun-chao ZHENG Da +2 位作者 JU Neng-pan HUANG Run-qiu ZHAO Wei-hua 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2022年第11期3314-3322,共9页
Previous researches on the mechanical model of toppling failure mainly concentrated on twodimensional mechanical model(TwDM) analysis. The TwDM analysis assumes the width of the slab beam is unit width without conside... Previous researches on the mechanical model of toppling failure mainly concentrated on twodimensional mechanical model(TwDM) analysis. The TwDM analysis assumes the width of the slab beam is unit width without considering the lateral constraint force. The assumed conditions are obviously different from the site conditions, thus there is a certain difference between the calculated results and the field work. A three-dimensional mechanical model(ThDM)of toppling failure was established, considering that the slab beam was mainly subject to self-weight, the frictional resistance of interlayer and lateral constraint force. Due to the progressive characteristics of toppling failure, the concept and the formula of the first fracture depth(FFD) of toppling was raised and constructed. The case study indicates that the ThDM is more effective and can be accurately used to calculate the toppling fracture depth of the slab beam. The FFD decreases proportionally with the increase of slab beam width. FFD grows fast when the slab beam width is less than 2.0 m and it tends to be stable when the slab beam width is above 2.0 m. The FFD decreases with the increase of the lateral constraint coefficient, indicating that the boundary condition of the free space is positively correlated with the stability and depth of toppling. This is a good explanation of the free space effect. This study provides a reference for the stability evaluation and prevention-control design of toppling slope in the future. 展开更多
关键词 Boundary effect Toppling failure three-dimensional mechanical model(ThDM) First fracture depth(FFD) Free face Slope failure
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