The impact of intensity modulated radiotherapy on the skin dose for deep seated tumors

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) on surface doses for brain, abdomen and pelvis deep located tumors treated with 6 MV photon and to evaluate the skin dose calculation accuracy of the XIO 4.04 treatment planning system. Methods: More investigations for the influences of IMRT on skin doses would increase its applications for many treatment sites. Measuring skin doses in real treatment situations would reduce the uncertainty of skin dose prediction. In this work a pediatric human phantom was covered by a layer of 1 mm bolus at three treatment sites and thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) chips were inserted into the bolus at each treatment site before CT scan. Two different treatment plans [three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and IMRT] for each treatment sites were performed on XIO 4.04 treatment planning system using superposition algorism. Results: The results showed that the surface doses for 3DCRT were higher than the surface doses in IMRT by 1.6%, 2.5% and 3.2% for brain, abdomen and pelvis sites respectively. There was good agreement between measured and calculated surface doses, where the calculated surface dose was 15.5% for brain tumor calculated with 3DCRT whereas the measured surface dose was 12.1%. For abdomen site the calculated surface dose for IMRT treatment plan was 16.5% whereas the measured surface dose was 12.6%. Conclusion: The skin dose in IMRT for deep seated tumors is lower than that in 3DCRT which is another advantage for the IMRT. The TLD readings showed that the difference between the calculated and measured point dose is negligible. The superposition calculation algorism of the XIO 4.04 treatment planning system modeled the superficial dose well.

Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy for Sinonasal Teratocarcinosarcoma

Surgical excision and postoperative radiotherapy are widely accepted therapeutic modalities for sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma （SNTCS）. Previous studies have shown that intensity-modulated radiation therapy （IMRT） is safe and effective for the treatment of some sinonasal malignancies. We hypothesize that use of IMRT for SNTCS may result in clinical benefits. We report here two cases of SNTCS that were treated by IMRT. One patient was given extensive IMRT involving elective neck irradiation. Follow-up examinations revealed no recurrence and metastasis 3.5 years after IMRT. Another patient simultaneously suffered from multiple systematical diseases and was administered involved-field radiotherapy. He was found to have a marginal recurrence during the follow up and eventually died 8 months after disease diagnosis. It was suggested in this study that appropriate use of IMRT for the treatment of SNTCS may achieve excellent local control.

Helical tomotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy:New therapeutic arms in the breast cancer radiotherapy

AIM To analyse clinical and dosimetric results of helical tomotherapy(HT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) in complex adjuvant breast and nodes irradiation.METHODS Seventy-three patients were included(31 HT and 42 VMAT). Dose were 63.8 Gy(HT) and 63.2 Gy(VMAT) in the tumour bed, 52.2 Gy in the breast, 50.4 Gy in supraclavicular nodes(SCN) and internal mammary chain(IMC) with HT and 52.2 Gy and 49.3 Gy in IMC and SCN with VMAT in 29 fractions. Margins to particle tracking velocimetry were greater in the VMAT cohort(7 mm vs 5 mm).RESULTS For the HT cohort, the coverage of clinical target volumes was as follows: Tumour bed: 99.4% ± 2.4%; breast: 98.4% ± 4.3%; SCN: 99.5% ± 1.2%; IMC:96.5% ± 13.9%. For the VMAT cohort, the coverage was as follows: Tumour bed: 99.7% ± 0.5%, breast: 99.3% ± 0.7%; SCN: 99.6% ± 1.4%; IMC: 99.3% ± 3%. For ipsilateral lung, Dmean and V20 were 13.6 ± 1.2 Gy, 21.1% ± 5%(HT) and 13.6 ± 1.4 Gy, 20.1% ± 3.2%(VMAT). Dmean and V30 of the heart were 7.4 ± 1.4 Gy, 1% ± 1%(HT) and 10.3 ± 4.2 Gy, 2.5% ± 3.9%(VMAT). For controlateral breast Dmean was 3.6 ± 0.2 Gy(HT) and 4.6 ± 0.9 Gy(VMAT). Acute skin toxicity grade 3 was 5% in the two cohorts.CONCLUSION HT and VMAT in complex adjuvant breast irradiation allow a good coverage of target volumes with an acceptable acute tolerance. A longer follow-up is needed to assess the impact of low doses to healthy tissues.

Simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy for esophageal cancer:A feasibility study

AIM: To establish the feasibility of simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy (SMART) in esophageal cancer (EC).

Dosimetry Comparison between Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy with RapidArc and Fixed Field Dynamic IMRT for Local-Regionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Objective: A dosimetric study was performed to evaluate the performance of volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy with RapidArc on locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: The CT scan data sets of 20 patients of locally advanced NPC were selected randomly. The plans were managed using volumetric modulated arc with RapidArc and fixed nine-field coplanar dynamic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for these patients. The dosimetry of the planning target volumes (PTV), the organs at risk (OARs) and the healthy tissue were evaluated. The dose prescription was set to 70 Gy to the primary tumor and 60 Gy to the clinical target volumes (CTV) in 33 fractions. Each fraction applied daily, five fractions per week. The monitor unit (MU) values and the delivery time were scored to evaluate the expected treatment efficiency. Results: Both techniques had reached clinical treatment’s requirement. The mean dose (Dmean), maximum dose (Dmax) and minimum dose (Dmin) in RapidArc and fixed field IMRT for PTV were 68.4±0.6 Gy, 74.8±0.9 Gy and 56.8±1.1 Gy; and 67.6±0.6 Gy, 73.8±0.4 Gy and 57.5±0.6 Gy (P<0.05), respectively. Homogeneity index was 78.85±1.29 in RapidArc and 80.34±0.54 (P<0.05) in IMRT. The conformity index (CI: 95%) was 0.78±0.01 for both techniques (P>0.05). Compared to IMRT, RapidArc allowed a reduction of Dmean to the brain stem, mandible and optic nerves of 14.1% (P<0.05), 5.6% (P<0.05) and 12.2% (P<0.05), respectively. For the healthy tissue and the whole absorbed dose, Dmean of RapidArc was reduced by 3.6% (P<0.05), and 3.7% (P<0.05), respectively. The Dmean to the parotids, the spinal cord and the lens had no statistical difference among them. The mean MU values of RapidArc and IMRT were 550 and 1,379. The mean treatment time of RapidArc and IMRT was 165 s and 447 s. Compared to IMRT, the delivery time and the MU values of RapidArc were reduced by 63% and 60%, respectively. Conclusion: For locally advanced NPC, both RapidArc and IMRT reached the clinic requirement. The target volume coverage was similar for the different techniques. The RapidArc technique showed some improvements in OARs and other tissue sparing while using reduced MUs and delivery time.

Unraveling the efficacy network: A network meta-analysis of adjuvant external beam radiation therapy methods after hepatectomy

BACKGROUND Primary liver cancer is a malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate that significantly affects patient prognosis.Postoperative adjuvant external radiation therapy(RT)has been shown to effectively prevent recurrence after liver cancer resection.However,there are multiple RT techniques available,and the differ-ential effects of these techniques in preventing postoperative liver cancer re-currence require further investigation.AIM To assess the advantages and disadvantages of various adjuvant external RT methods after liver resection based on overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)and to determine the optimal strategy.METHODS This study involved network meta-analyses and followed the PRISMA guidelines.The data of qualified studies published before July 10,2023,were collected from PubMed,Embase,the Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library.We included relevant studies on postoperative external beam RT after liver resection that had OS and DFS as the primary endpoints.The magnitudes of the effects were determined using risk ratios with 95%confidential intervals.The results were analyzed using R software and STATA software.RESULTS A total of 12 studies,including 1265 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)after liver resection,were included in this study.There was no significant heterogeneity in the direct paired comparisons,and there were no significant differences in the inclusion or exclusion criteria,intervention measures,or outcome indicators,meeting the assumptions of heterogeneity and transitivity.OS analysis revealed that patients who underwent stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT)after resection had longer OS than those who underwent intensity modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)or 3-dimensional conformal RT(3D-CRT).DFS analysis revealed that patients who underwent 3D-CRT after resection had the longest DFS.Patients who underwent IMRT after resection had longer OS than those who underwent 3D-CRT and longer DFS than those who underwent SBRT.CONCLUSION HCC patients who undergo liver cancer resection must consider distinct advantages and disadvantages when choosing between SBRT and 3D-CRT.IMRT,a RT technique that is associated with longer OS than 3D-CRT and longer DFS than SBRT,may be a preferred option.

The role of radiotherapy in localised and locally advanced prostate cancer

For a patient suffering from non-metastatic prostate cancer,the individualized recommendation of radiotherapy has to be the fruit of a multidisciplinary approach in the context of a Tumor Board,to be explained carefully to the patient to obtain his informed consent.External beam radiotherapy is now delivered by intensity modulated radiotherapy,considered as the gold standard.From a radiotherapy perspective,low-risk localized prostate cancer is treated by image guided intensity modulated radiotherapy,or brachytherapy if patients meet the required eligibility criteria.Intermediate-risk patients may benefit from intensity modulated radiotherapy combined with 4e6 months of androgen deprivation therapy;intensity modulated radiotherapy alone or combined with brachytherapy can be offered to patients unsuitable for androgen deprivation therapy due to co-morbidities or unwilling to accept it to preserve their sexual health.High-risk prostate cancer,i.e.high-risk localized and locally advanced prostate cancer,requires intensity modulated radiotherapy with long-term(≥2 years)androgen deprivation therapy with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists.Post-operative irradiation,either immediate or early deferred,is proposed to patients classified as pT3pN0,based on surgical margins,prostate-specific antigen values and quality of life.Whatever the techniques and their degree of sophistication,quality assurance plays a major role in the management of radiotherapy,requiring the involvement of physicians,physicists,dosimetrists,radiation technologists and computer scientists.The patients must be informed about the potential morbidity of radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy and followed regularly during and after treatment for tertiary prevention and evaluation.A close cooperation is needed with general practitioners and specialists to prevent and mitigate side effects and maintain quality of life.

Technological advances in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer

Radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy and surgery represent the main treatment modalities in esophageal cancer.The goal of modern radiotherapy approaches,based on recent technological advances,is to minimize post-treatment complications by improving the gross tumor volume definition (positron emission tomography-based planning),reducing interfraction motion (image-guided radiotherapy) and intrafraction motion (respiratory-gated radiotherapy),and by better dose delivery to the precisely defined planning target volume (intensity-modulated radiotherapy and proton therapy).Reduction of radiotherapy-related toxicity is fundamental to the improvement of clinical results in esophageal cancer,although the dose escalation concept is controversial.

Technical advances in external radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Radiotherapy techniques have substantially improved in the last two decades. After the introduction of 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, radiotherapy has been increasingly used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Currently, more advanced techniques, including intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT), stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy(SABR), and charged particle therapy, are used for the treatment of HCC. IMRT can escalate the tumor dose while sparing the normal tissue even though the tumor is large or located near critical organs. SABR can deliver a very high radiation dose to small HCCs in a few fractions, leading to high local control rates of 84%-100%. Various advanced imaging modalities are used for radiotherapy planning and delivery to improve the precision of radiotherapy. These advanced techniques enable the delivery of high dose radiotherapy for early to advanced HCCs without increasing the radiation-induced toxicities. However, as there have been no effective tools for the prediction of the response to radiotherapy or recurrences within or outside the radiation field, future studies should focus on selecting the patients who will benefit from radiotherapy.

Precision radiotherapy for brain tumors A 10-year bibliometric analysis

OBJECTIVE： Precision radiotherapy plays an important role in the management of brain tumors. This study aimed to identify global research trends in precision radiotherapy for brain tumors using a bibliometric analysis of the Web of Science. DATA RETRIEVAL： We performed a bibliometric analysis of data retrievals for precision radiotherapy for brain tumors containing the key words cerebral tumor, brain tumor, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, stereotactic body radiation therapy, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy, imaging-guided radiotherapy, dose-guided radiotherapy, stereotactic brachytherapy, and stereotactic radiotherapy using the Web of Science. SELECTION CRITERIA： Inclusion criteria： （a） peer-reviewed articles on precision radiotherapy for brain tumors which were published and indexed in the Web of Science; （b） type of articles： original research articles and reviews; （c） year of publication： 2002-2011. Exclusion criteria： （a） articles that required manual searching or telephone access; （b） Corrected papers or book chapters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） Annual publication output; （2） distribution according to country; （3） distribution according to institution; （4） top cited publications; （5） distribution according to journals; and （6） comparison of study results on precision radiotherapy for brain tumors. RESULTS： The stereotactic radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and imaging-guided radiotherapy are three major methods of precision radiotherapy for brain tumors. There were 260 research articles addressing precision radiotherapy for brain tumors found within the Web of Science. The USA published the most papers on precision radiotherapy for brain tumors, followed by Germany and France. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, German Cancer Research Center and Heidelberg University were the most prolific research institutes for publications on precision radiotherapy for brain tumors. Among the top 13 research institutes publishing in this field, seven are in the USA, three are in Germany, two are in France, and there is one institute in India. Research interests including urology and nephrology, clinical neurology, as well as rehabilitation are involved in precision radiotherapy for brain tumors studies. CONCLUSION： Precision radiotherapy for brain tumors remains a highly active area of research and development.

The Effect of Absorbed Dose to Organs at Risk Following Craniospinal Irradiation Using Different Radiotherapy Techniques

Introduction: In medulloblastoma patients craniospinal irradiation is an important element the treatment. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of absorbed dose to organs at risk using the hybrid intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for craniospinal irradiation (CSI) in average risk medulloblastoma patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, thirteen medulloblastoma patients were included. The prescribed total dose to the planning target volume (PTV) was 23, 40 Gy in 13 fractions. Two radiotherapy techniques, three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and hybrid intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were used to treat these patients. The coverage of the Target was evaluated using the D mean, D95%, D2%, D98% and V95%. Other parameters were also compared such as Integral dose (ID), Homogeneity index (HI) and doses to the organs at risk (OARs). Results: There was no significant difference in the mean dose received by the PTV-Brain or the dose received by 95% and 98% of PTV volume using the two techniques. For PTV-Spine, the percentage volume receiving 95% of the total dose increased significantly in the hybrid IMRT technique compared to the conformal technique. So, hybrid IMRT plan achieved the best coverage for PTV spine. Lower dose for OAR was delivered by 3DCRT, except the heart and thyroid, hybrid IMRT achieved better sparing. All plans resulted in the same dose homogeneity index (DHI) for PTV-Brain. For PTV-Spine, hybrid IMRT technique achieved better dose homogeneity compared to 3DCRT technique (1.09 vs. 1.12;p > 0.05). Conclusions: hybrid IMRT technique can be realized on conformal technique because it achieved better dose coverage for the (PTV) and organ at risk (OAR). 3DCRT reduced mean dose to most OARS, except the heart and thyroid. Therefore, the hybrid IMRT technique may be a CSI treatment alternative to 3DCRT.

术前调强放疗联合新辅助治疗可切除局部晚期食管鳞状细胞癌的疗效分析

目的探讨调强放疗(IMRT)联合特瑞普利单抗和铂类方案治疗可切除局部晚期食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)的疗效与安全性。方法收集2019年12月—2022年11月在厦门大学附属中山医院接受新辅助治疗的局部晚期ESCC患者120例,根据治疗方法的不同将120例ESCC患者分为对照组(n=60)和观察组(n=60)。对照组接受特瑞普利单抗联合紫衫醇和卡铂治疗,观察组在此基础上应用IMRT治疗。治疗后评价是否可进行手术,比较两组的R0切除率、病理完全缓解(pCR)率、主要病理反应(MPR)率、客观缓解率(ORR)及疾病控制率(DCR)。观察两组围术期相关指标,术后随访24个月比较两组远期疗效及安全性。结果两组患者的新辅助治疗完成率均达100%,观察组的R0切除率为91.67%,pCR率为40.00%,MPR率为61.67%,ORR为86.67%,DCR为96.67%,均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组在手术时间、术中出血量及术后并发症方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访24个月后,两组的无进展生存率和总生存率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者发生贫血、恶心、呕吐、白细胞减少等不良反应情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论IMRT联合特瑞普利单抗加紫杉醇加卡铂的新辅助治疗模式可提高局部晚期可切除ESCC的临床疗效,且安全性良好。

肿瘤放射治疗的发展

恶性肿瘤是目前人类死亡的主要原因之一,以美国为代表的发达国家中,超过半数的肿瘤患者在治疗过程中需要单独或联合使用放射治疗。过去的半个世纪以来,放射治疗围绕着“增效减毒”的原则展开技术迭代,不断和手术、化疗以及新兴的免疫疗法等其他手段相结合,极大地提高了治疗疗效和可及性。21世纪以来,通过采用更先进的剂量递送方式、结合实时影像的自适应规划、引入人工智能和新的粒子辐射类型等先进技术,放射治疗的安全性和有效性都得到了提高。本文回顾了近几十年来放射治疗领域的技术进步,展示了在加速器平台上进行高剂量率放射治疗研究的典型案例,总结了放射治疗相关的新兴研究热点,并对该领域的发展方向做出了展望。

不同手术类型对乳腺癌放射治疗精确度的影响

目的研究乳腺癌改良的根治性乳房切除术(根治)、早期保乳手术(保乳)、假体植入3种手术类型对其放射治疗精确度的影响,为不同手术类型的患者制定个性化放疗方案。方法随机选择2023年2—7月就诊于厦门大学附属第一医院肿瘤放射治疗科行旋转调强治疗的乳腺癌放射治疗患者37例进行回顾性分析,其中乳腺根治患者13例,保乳患者11例,假体植入患者13例。每例患者除首次锥形束CT(Cone beam CT,CBCT)复位外,每5天在治疗前采集1次CBCT,并与定位图像进行配准,记录腹背(ventral-dorsal,VRT)、头脚(cranial-caudal,LNG)、左右(lateral,LAT)3个方向的误差值。共收集误差数据150组,其中根治61组,保乳38组,假体植入51组,并对误差进行分析。结果根治组在三维方向的摆位误差分别为:VRT[-1.80(-3.20,-0.20)]mm,LNG[-2.20(1.10,3.05)]mm,LAT[-3.30(-1.10,1.65)]mm,保乳组在三维方向的摆位误差分别为:VRT[-0.20(-1.03,1.03)]mm,LNG[1.40(-2.20,3.00)]mm,LAT[0.15(-3.05,2.90)]mm,假体植入组在三维方向的摆位误差分别为:VRT[-1.00(-3.00,0.70)]mm,LNG[-1.00(-3.00,1.80)]mm,LAT[0(-2.00,2.80)]mm,对3组数据进行K个独立样本的非参数检验和事后多重比较显示,根治组和保乳组在VRT方向比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组在LNG,LAT方向上比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组不同手术类型在三维方向上的计划靶区(planning target volume,PTV)边界分别为根治组(4.18,6.19,7.52 mm),保乳组(4.71,6.53,8.01mm),假体植入组(6.17,7.53,6.29 mm)。结论不同手术类型对乳腺癌放射治疗精确度影响不同,在VRT方向上根治组的摆位误差大于保乳组,可根据不同的手术类型个性化选择固定方式以提高患者的摆位精确度。除此之外,每个肿瘤中心可根据不同的手术类型计算适合自己中心的PTV外扩范围以给予临床医生建议。

混合放疗技术在全脑放疗中的应用

目的比较混合放射治疗技术与调强放射治疗(Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy,IMRT)、容积调强放射治疗(Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy,VMAT)、三维适形放射治疗(Three dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy,3DCRT)在全脑放疗中的剂量学差异,研究混合放疗技术在全脑放疗的可行性。方法选取25例需要全脑放疗的患者为研究对象,分别设计3DCRT计划、基于3DCRT、IMRT技术的混合计划(Hybrid-IMRT)、基于3DCRT、VMAT技术的混合计划(Hybrid-VMAT)、IMRT计划、VMAT计划。Hybrid-IMRT计划与IMRT计划、Hybrid-VMAT计划与VMAT计划均采用相同的优化参数,2个混合计划3DCRT提供60%的处方剂量(2400 cGy/20 F),IMRT或VMAT部分提供剩余40%的处方剂量(1600 cGy/20 F)。比较5组计划的靶区均匀性指数、适形度指数、靶区最大剂量、机器跳数、危及器官(晶体、眼球、视神经、视交叉、脑干)的最大剂量。结果5种计划各项指标均满足临床需求。Hybrid-IMRT、Hybrid-VMAT计划靶区均匀度、靶区剂量最大点和晶体、视交叉、脑干的受量优于IMRT、VMAT计划,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);HybridIMRT、Hybrid-VMAT计划靶区适形度和眼球受量相对IMRT、VMAT计划差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Hybrid-IMRT、Hybrid-VMAT计划的机器跳数分别比IMRT、VMAT计划减少60%和10%(P<0.05)。结论Hybrid-IMRT、Hybrid-VMAT计划的各项参数均满足临床治疗要求,其靶区均匀度更好,治疗时间更短,对距离靶区较远和靶区内部的危及器官保护更好,因此混合放射治疗技术可以应用于全脑放疗中。

Halcyon加速器在乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗中的临床应用

目的探究在Halcyon直线加速器上使用调强适形放射治疗(IMRT)和容积旋转调强放射治疗(VMAT)进行乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗的临床应用。方法选择乳腺癌保乳术后放射治疗患者25例,年龄36~61岁,平均年龄50.9岁;左侧乳腺癌15例,右侧乳腺癌10例;肿瘤分期均为T1~T2、N0、M0。计划设计均在Eclipse计划系统上,每例患者分别采用IMRT和VMAT进行计划设计。对两类计划的主要剂量学参数、剂量分布、γ通过率和照射时间进行比较。结果所有计划均可临床使用,两组计划靶区D_(95%)、平均剂量D_(mean)差异较小(P>0.05),靶区均匀性指数(HI)(IMRT组0.06±0.01 vs VMAT组0.06±0.01),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),适形性指数(CI)(IMRT组0.85±0.03 vs VMAT组0.92±0.02),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。IMRT组患侧肺V_(5)、V_(20)和平均剂量,心脏平均剂量,健侧肺V_(5)均低于VMAT组,差异具有统计学意义[患侧肺V_(5)(41.36±2.04)%vs(47.58±2.42)%、患侧肺V_(20)(15.04±2.90)%vs(16.35±1.97)%、患侧肺平均剂量(886.32±79.41)cGy vs(993.49±50.14)cGy、心脏平均剂量(209.23±98.12)cGy vs(277.60±83.18)cGy、健侧肺V_(5)(2.10±1.35)%vs(14.06±8.62)%。P<0.05]。VMAT组γ通过率优于IMRT组,差异有统计学意义[3 mm/3%(99.72±0.20)%vs(99.38±0.37)%;2 mm/2%(97.22±1.05)%vs(96.99±0.91)%。P<0.05]。IMRT组照射时间(2.08±0.27)min,VMAT组照射时间(0.87±0.04)min,VMAT组节省超过55%照射时间,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论使用Halcyon直线加速器进行保乳术后放射治疗,IMRT计划和VMAT计划均能满足临床治疗需求,采用VMAT技术会提高靶区的剂量分布,明显提高计划执行效率。

合并大血管侵犯的原发性肝细胞癌病人外放射治疗进展

原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)病人确诊时常发现合并大血管侵犯(MVI),如门静脉瘤栓(PVTT)、肝静脉瘤栓(HVTT)及下腔静脉瘤栓(IVCTT)等。而大血管侵犯常预示着病人预后欠佳。目前可供选择的治疗方式多样,但缺少对伴有大血管侵犯的HCC治疗的专家共识。随着外放射治疗技术的发展,外放射治疗已成为HCC合并大血管侵犯的重要治疗手段之一。因此,现针对外放射治疗在合并大血管侵犯的肝细胞癌中的应用情况进行总结,以期为合并大血管侵犯的肝癌病人提供更多的治疗选择。

乳腺癌患者螺旋断层放疗与混合调强放疗治疗效果探讨

目的探讨螺旋断层放射治疗(helical tomotherapy,TomoHelical)与混合调强放射治疗(hybrid intensity modulated radio-therapy,Hy-IMRT)2种治疗方式对早期乳腺癌保乳手术患者的影响。方法随机选取厦门大学附属第一医院肿瘤放射治疗科2023年1—7月保乳乳腺癌手术早期患者50例,并按术后射线治疗方式的不同分为TOMO组与Hy-IMRT组,各25例。比较2种治疗方式照射靶区处处方剂量(planning target volume,PTV)的剂量学参数及放疗后周围正常器官剂量学,放疗结束随访3个月并比较其预后情况。结果与Hy-IMRT相比,TOMO治疗的PTV符合性指数(conformity index,CI)为(0.68±0.15),均匀性指数(homogeneity index,HI)为(1.09±0.12),Hy-IMRT治疗治疗的PTV CI为(0.54±0.12),HI为(1.37±0.17),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TOMO组全肺平均放射剂量(mean does,Dmean)为(517.23±109.33)cGy,全肺受到5 Gy或以上的辐射剂量的体积百分比(volume5,V5)为(18.53±4.07)%,全肺受到20 Gy或以上的辐射剂量的体积百分比(volume20,V20)为(10.55±2.83)%,Hy-IMRT组全肺平均放射剂量(mean does,Dmean)为(581.12±113.72)cGy,全肺受到5 Gy或以上的辐射剂量的体积百分比(volume5,V5)为(21.44±4.85)%,及全肺受到20 Gy或以上的辐射剂量的体积百分比(volume20,V20)为(12.66±3.15)%,TOMO组均低于Hy-IMRT组(P<0.05)。TOMO组心脏Dmean为(521.44±86.72)cGy,Hy-IMRT组心脏Dmean为(577.14±96.33)cGy,TOMO组低于Hy-IMRT组(P<0.05)。结论对早期乳腺癌保乳手术患者实施TOMO计划治疗,可以有效提升肿瘤靶区剂量分布的均匀性,对周围正常组织器官损害较小,但仍需更多临床数据来支持。

适形调强放疗同步靶向治疗对鼻咽癌患者肿瘤标志物的影响研究

目的:探讨适形调强放疗同步靶向治疗在鼻咽癌患者中的效果及对肿瘤标志物的影响。方法:选择2020年3月—2023年3月阳江市人民医院肿瘤一科收治的鼻咽癌患者60例为对象,以信封法分为两组,各30例。对照组采用适形调强放疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合靶向治疗。比较两组客观缓解率(ORR)、肿瘤标志物、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血小板反应蛋白-1(TSP-1)、转化生长因子β_(1)(TGF-β_(1))、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGFR-2)水平及毒副反应发生率。结果:观察组ORR为83.33%,高于对照组的50.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后肿瘤标志物均降低,观察组癌胚抗原(CEA)、鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCCA)及细胞角蛋白19片段(Cyfra21-1)水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后生化指标均改善,观察组VEGF、VEGFR-2、TGF-β_(1)及IL-6均低于对照组,TSP-1高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组毒副反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:适形调强放疗同步靶向治疗用于鼻咽癌患者中,能提高ORR,降低肿瘤标志物、VEGF、TGF-β_(1)、IL-6及VEGFR-2水平,不增加毒副反应发生率。

探讨调强放疗与顺铂联合治疗宫颈癌的疗效

目的 探讨宫颈癌(局部中晚期)治疗中调强放疗+顺铂的联合疗效。方法 截选2020年03月至2021年03月80例局部中晚期宫颈癌患者,按照等量电脑随机法分为基础组40例(常规前后野外体照射+顺铂同步周化疗)和观察组40例(调强放疗+顺铂同步周化疗),比较2组放疗不良反应、近期疗效、预后1/2年生存率与生活质量。结果 本试验中,两组患者治疗效果均较佳,但组间比较,观察组直肠晚期/膀胱晚期反应及骨髓抑制率对比基础组显著更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组近期治疗总有效率对比基础组显著更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组预后1年生存率、预后2年生存率对比基础组均显著更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组生活质量评分对比基础组显著更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 实施调强放疗+顺铂同步周放疗联合治疗局部中晚期宫颈癌有积极意义,不仅治疗安全性高、能够进一步强化患者疾病近期疗效,还能显著提高患者预后生存率与生存品质。