Application of Three-dimensional Laser Scanning Technology in the Teaching Practice of Surveying and Mapping of Ancient Buildings

Based on the study of the application of three-dimensional laser scanning technology in ancient building surveying and mapping,this paper briefly describes the working principle and flow of three-dimensional laser scanning technology.Based on the practical application,this paper puts forward the discussion of related problems and matters needing attention.This has a certain reference significance for the study of new technology in surveying and mapping of ancient buildings.

Research on 3D Laser Scanning Reconstruction of Ancient Buildings Combined with BIM Technology

After more than 30 years of scientific and social development, surveying and mapping technology by leaps and bounds, engineering surveying technology has undergone tremendous changes. In the process of protecting ancient buildings, it is necessary to obtain the precise dimensions of architectural details. In this study, the path of 3D laser scanning combined with BIM technology is explored. Taking the observation and protection of the ancestral hall of the Liu family as an example, this study aims to draw drawings that reflect the relevant information about the ancient buildings, the accurate three-dimensional model of ancient buildings is established with BIM technology, which provides new methods and ideas for the research and protection of ancient buildings. .

Slope excavation quality assessment and excavated volume calculation in hydraulic projects based on laser scanning technology

Slope excavation is one of the most crucial steps in the construction of a hydraulic project. Excavation project quality assessment and excavated volume calculation are critical in construction management. The positioning of excavation projects using traditional instruments is inefficient and may cause error. To improve the efficiency and precision of calculation and assessment, three-dimensional laser scanning technology was used for slope excavation quality assessment. An efficient data acquisition, processing, and management workflow was presented in this study. Based on the quality control indices, including the average gradient, slope toe elevation, and overbreak and underbreak,cross-sectional quality assessment and holistic quality assessment methods were proposed to assess the slope excavation quality with laserscanned data. An algorithm was also presented to calculate the excavated volume with laser-scanned data. A field application and a laboratory experiment were carried out to verify the feasibility of these methods for excavation quality assessment and excavated volume calculation. The results show that the quality assessment indices can be obtained rapidly and accurately with design parameters and scanned data, and the results of holistic quality assessment are consistent with those of cross-sectional quality assessment. In addition, the time consumption in excavation quality assessment with the laser scanning technology can be reduced by 70%e90%, as compared with the traditional method. The excavated volume calculated with the scanned data only slightly differs from measured data, demonstrating the applicability of the excavated volume calculation method presented in this study.

Integration system research and development for three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf

An integration processing system of three-dimensional laser scanning information visualization in goaf was developed. It is provided with multiple functions, such as laser scanning information management for goaf, cloud data de-noising optimization, construction, display and operation of three-dimensional model, model editing, profile generation, calculation of goaf volume and roof area, Boolean calculation among models and interaction with the third party soft ware. Concerning this system with a concise interface, plentiful data input/output interfaces, it is featured with high integration, simple and convenient operations of applications. According to practice, in addition to being well-adapted, this system is favorably reliable and stable.

Research on wind erosion processes and controlling factors based on wind tunnel test and 3D laser scanning technology

The study of wind erosion processes is of great importance to the prevention and control of soil wind erosion.In this study,three structurally intact soil samples were collected from the steppe of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China and placed in a wind tunnel where they were subjected to six different wind speeds(10,15,17,20,25,and 30 m/s)to simulate wind erosion in the wind tunnel.After each test,the soil surfaces were scanned by a 3D laser scanner to create a high-resolution Digital Elevation Model(DEM),and the changes in wind erosion mass and microtopography were quantified.Based on this,we performed further analysis of wind erosion-controlling factors.The study results showed that the average measurement error between the 3D laser scanning method and weighing method was 6.23%for the three undisturbed soil samples.With increasing wind speed,the microtopography on the undisturbed soil surface first became smooth,and then fine stripes and pits gradually developed.In the initial stage of wind erosion processes,the ability of the soil to resist wind erosion was mainly affected by the soil hardness.In the late stage of wind erosion processes,the degree of soil erosion was mainly affected by soil organic matter and CaCO_(3)content.The results of this study are expected to provide a theoretical basis for soil wind erosion control and promote the application of 3D laser scanners in wind erosion monitoring.

The Research Application of 3D Laser Scanning Technology in the Deformation Detection of Large Cylindrical Oil Tank

In order to ensure the safety in using a large cylindrical storage tank,it is necessary to regularly detect its defonnatioii.The traditional total station method has high accuracy in determining the deformation,however,it has a low measxirement efficiency.Long-term observation means,there are more risks in the petrochemical plant,therefore,this paper proposes the usage of the 3D laser scanner,replacing the traditional total station to determine the defbnnation of a large cylindrical storage tank.The Matlab program,is compiled to calculate the point cloud data,while the tank deformation is analyzed from two different points which are,the local concave convex degree and the ovality degree.It is concluded that,the difference between the data obtained by 3D laser scanning,and total station is within the range of oil tank deformation limit,therefore,3D laser scanner can be used for oil tank deformation detection.

Method for visualizing the shear process of rock joints using 3D laser scanning and 3D printing techniques

This study presents a visualized approach for tracking joint surface morphology.Three-dimensional laser scanning(3DLS)and 3D printing(3DP)techniques are adopted to record progressive failure during rock joint shearing.The 3DP resin is used to create transparent specimens to reproduce the surface morphology of a natural joint precisely.The freezing method is employed to enhance the mechanical properties of the 3DP specimens to reproduce the properties of hard rock more accurately.A video camera containing a charge-coupled device(CCD)camera is utilized to record the evolution of damaged area of joint surface during the direct shear test.The optimal shooting distance and shooting angle are recommended to be 800 mm and 40?,respectively.The images captured by the CCD camera are corrected to quantitatively describe the damaged area on the joint surface.Verification indicates that this method can accurately describe the total sheared areas at different shear stages.These findings may contribute to elucidating the shear behavior of rock joints.

Innovations in Retinal Laser Technology

Retinal laser photocoagulation is a proven, effective treatment for various retinal disorders, including diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions, and sickle cell retinopathy. To minimize iatrogenic retinal damage while maintaining therapeutic effects, retinal laser technology has evolved significantly since its introduction in ophthalmology more than half a century ago. These innovations have included both optimizations of laser parameters in addition to the development of novel laser delivery systems. This review summarizes recent innovations in retinal laser technology, including subthreshold micropulse laser, selective retinal therapy and nanosecond laser, innovative modes of laser delivery including pattern scanning laser, endpoint management, navigated laser, and newly described photo-mediated ultrasound therapy.

Indoor Space Modeling and Parametric Component Construction Based on 3D Laser Point Cloud Data

In order to enhance modeling efficiency and accuracy,we utilized 3D laser point cloud data for indoor space modeling.Point cloud data was obtained with a 3D laser scanner and optimized with Autodesk Recap and Revit software to extract geometric information about the indoor environment.Furthermore,we proposed a method for constructing indoor elements based on parametric components.The research outcomes of this paper will offer new methods and tools for indoor space modeling and design.The approach of indoor space modeling based on 3D laser point cloud data and parametric component construction can enhance modeling efficiency and accuracy,providing architects,interior designers,and decorators with a better working platform and design reference.

Study on Estimation Method of Rock Mass Discontinuity Shear Strength Based on Three-Dimensional Laser Scanning and Image Technique

The estimation of shear strength of rock mass discontinuity is always a focal, but difficult, problem in the field of geotechnical engineering. Considering the disadvantages and limitation of exist- ing estimation methods, a new approach based on the shadow area percentage （SAP） that can be used to quantify surface roughness is proposed in this article. Firstly, by the help of laser scanning technique, the three-dimensional model of the surface of rock discontinuity was established. Secondly, a light source was simulated, and there would be some shadows produced on the model surface. Thirdly, to obtain the value of SAP of each specimen, the shadow detection technique was introduced for use. Fourthly, compared with the result from direct shear testing and based on statistics, an empirical for- mula was found among SAP, normal stress, and shear strength. Data of Yujian （~ River were used as an example, and the following conclusions have been made. （1） In the case of equal normal stress, the peak shear stress is positively proportional to the SAP. （2） The formula for estimating was derived, and the predictions of peak-shear strength made with this equation well agreed with the experimental re- suits obtained in laboratory tests.

三维激光扫描技术在历史建筑测绘中的应用——以闽清县历史建筑测绘建档项目为例

历史建筑作为城市的文脉,承载着一座城市的历史,受各种因素影响遭受不断的侵蚀甚至灭失,其保护形势越来越严峻。文章以闽清县历史建筑保护测绘为例,采用三维激光扫描技术,结合无人机倾斜摄影技术,对历史建筑真彩色三维点云模型建设进行了探索研究,为历史建筑的测绘资料建档和文物保护工作积累了宝贵的技术经验。结语对该技术进行了总结分析,认为三维激光扫描技术不仅能大幅提升工作效率和测量成果精度,还可实现历史建筑三维可视化,具有广阔的应用前景。

三维激光扫描技术在建筑数字化中的研究

针对传统的单点测量效率低、工作量大、监测结果存在片面性的问题,该研究提出了基于三维激光扫描技术的建筑物模型重构方法,先用地面三维扫描系统获取建筑物三维模型,提取目标特征点,再将RANSAC算法与欧式聚类方法相结合分割建筑物立面,满足建筑数字化的要求。该研究在对三维数据预处理后进行半自动滤波去噪和平面拟合,能准确地提取建筑物立面信息。实验结果表明,本文模型产生噪声少,平面拟合优越性高,精度约在99%左右,能达到建筑物精细化建模的目的。

三维激光扫描技术在建筑变形监测中的应用

三维激光扫描技术是通过利用高速激光扫描测量的方法,复建出1∶1三维点云模型的一种全新技术手段。在广西壮族自治区某商务主楼钢结构变形监测中,通过运用三维激光扫描技术获取建筑信息,并结合点云处理软件、CAD插件等软件,进行数据全面分析,完成对该超高层建筑物钢框架主体水平方向的变形监测。由此总结出三维激光扫描技术在建筑变形监测中的应用流程,为未来建筑的变形监测提供借鉴参考。

三维激光扫描与BIM技术融合的城市轨道交通地下建筑物三维建模方法

本文将三维激光扫描技术与BIM技术相结合,实现了城市轨道交通地下车站、隧道及附属设施的三维建模。通过激光扫描仪获取点云数据,利用点云处理软件进行预处理,包括拼接、去噪和精简等操作;然后利用特征点云提取方法结合BIM建模软件和可视化编程技术,有效解决了传统测绘方法无法获取和处理复杂地下建筑物信息及BIM模型中信息孤岛问题。本文方法对未来城市轨道交通工程建设和运维管理的信息化和三维可视化具有重要意义。

SLAM激光扫描技术在地铁隧道竣工测量中的应用

轴线偏差和断面测量一直是隧道竣工测量的两个重要指标。传统使用全站仪或断面仪进行测量的方式不仅作业效率低,采集的数据量也较少,难以反映隧道内的真实情况,无法满足隧道竣工测量的要求。本文提出了一种基于SLAM手持激光扫描仪进行地铁隧道竣工测量的方法,并在上海市某在建地铁隧道内进行了现场试验。比较激光点云后处理得到的断面中心与设计数据,二者平均点位精度小于3 cm。这表明使用SLAM手持激光扫描仪进行地铁隧道竣工测量的方法有效可行,精度能够满足竣工测量的要求,具有广阔的应用前景。

基于移动三维激光扫描技术的地铁隧道接触网导高检测新方法

[目的]地铁隧道内接触网导高是保证列车正常受电的重要参数,需定期进行检测。针对其他导高检测方式存在的误差大、精度低的问题,需提出基于移动三维激光扫描技术的地铁隧道接触网导高检测新方法。[方法]基于移动三维激光扫描技术提出了导高检测的新方法,分析了误差来源;提出通过在移动式三维激光扫描仪上增设刚性倾斜组件来改变扫描仪激光线入射角度,进而减少隧道断面点云模型的毛刺数量,并采用等角兰勃特投影来获取隧道真实点云模型。与导高仪检测结果进行对比,以验证其导高检测精度是否满足相关要求。[结果及结论]基于移动式三维激光扫描技术建立的隧道断面点云模型存在毛刺,是因激光脚点垂直入射接触网发生散射和漫反射导致的。增加倾斜组件,可有效减少隧道断面点云模型的毛刺数量。移动式三维激光扫描仪与导高仪的导高检测数据对比结果表明,基于移动式三维激光扫描技术的导高检测精度基本在±3 mm以内,能够满足相关规范对导高检测的精度要求。

三维激光扫描技术在建筑物三维建模可视化中的应用探究

随着城市化进程不断深入,旧城改造成为城市发展中急需解决的问题,而精准核算建筑立面工作量是保证工程项目顺利进行的基础。在老旧城区进行现代化改造过程中,由于老旧建筑物大多年代久远,原始设计资料缺乏且难以搜集,不少建筑物经过多次改建,现状与设计图纸已无法匹配。这些情况下需要实地进行建筑外立面测绘,获得其现状立面图。传统全站仪测量外立面方法作业效率较低,测量中经常受到各种外在因素影响,严重影响到工程进度。而三维激光扫描技术能妥善解决上述问题,以点云数据为基础,构建建筑高精度三维模型,从而全面提高建筑物测量效率。基于此,该文以阐述三维建模技术概述为基础,分析点云建模中存在的问题,结合实际案例,采集相关数据资源,通过扫描获取的高精度、全面的三维激光点云数据,建立健全的三维模型,生成完整建筑物模型,绘制建筑群立面图纸,以便存档及为后期改造提供数据基础。

新型测绘技术在测绘工程中的应用探究

随着科技的不断进步,新型测绘技术在测绘工程领域中扮演着越来越重要的角色。全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)、遥感技术、激光扫描技术(LiDAR)和无人机测绘技术等新兴技术的出现,为测绘工程提供更高效、更精确的数据获取和处理手段。该文探究新型测绘技术在测绘工程中的应用,分析新型测绘技术在测绘工程中的优势和挑战,通过地形测绘与制图、城市建设与规划、环境监测与灾害预警,以及土地管理与农业发展4个方面,阐述新型测绘技术在测绘工程中的应用。

基于点云空间扩展的盾构隧道整体去噪方法

盾构隧道点云数据的去噪工作是后续隧道结构分析的前提。本文结合点云空间扩展理论与盾构隧道呈圆柱形的特点,提出了一种盾构隧道的整体去噪方法。首先将盾构隧道空间扩展后得到新的拓扑结构,使盾构隧道的去噪工作能够使用现有成熟的地面滤波算法。经过直通滤波、坡度滤波后的隧道点云保留完整的衬砌结构,隧道的附属设施被滤除。使用直线段与曲线段隧道进行试验,试验结果表明,该方法能够实现隧道的整体去噪,去噪效果显著。

三维激光扫描技术在宽肩台抛石堤稳定性试验中的应用

三维激光扫描技术主要应用于地形测绘、建筑物建模以及文物修复等,为了拓展这项技术在物理模型试验上的应用,利用Trimble CX型三维激光扫描仪对宽肩台抛石堤物理模型整体形态进行测量,并联合使用Trimble realworks 9和GMT 5.4两款软件对扫描数据进行处理并成图。与相机照片相比,三维激光扫描技术具有操作更便捷、精度更高、可视化效果更突出等特点,在物理模型上能够取代部分传统测量仪器的功能。试验前后扫描结果显示,宽肩台抛石堤在波浪作用下会发生明显变形,但最终会形成动态稳定的S形剖面形态。