Coefficients de-noising with wavelet transform for magnetic flux leakage data obtained from oil pipeline

This paper considers the problem of noise cancellation for the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) data obtained from the inspection of oil pipelines. MFL data is contaminated by various sources of noise, and the noise can considerably reduce the detectability of flaw signals in MFL data. This paper presents a new de-noising approach for removing the system noise contained in the MFL data by using the coefficients de-noising with wavelet transform. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the advantages of this de-noising approach over the conventional wavelet de-noising method.

A more precise method to evaluate kinetic leakage of anion exchange resin used in condensate polishing of power plant

Sulfate mass transfer coefficient(MTC) is a sensitive parameter to evaluate the kinetic leakage of anion exchange resin used in condensate polishing system of thermal and nuclear power plant.However,a sufficiently precise determination method has not been well established.In this paper,the final expression of sulfate MTC derived based on plug flow reactor model is the same as Harries' model,which is widely acknowledged in this field.In the determining system we constructed,in-situ calibration of the concentration of sulfate and its cation conductivity was conducted and sulfate MTCs of four typical strongly basic anion exchange resin samples were determined.The systematic error is 8.26% and the calibrated curve used for quantifying sulfate is obtained.The repeatability and reproducibility standard deviation are 0.05×10^(-4) m·s^(-1) and 0.07×10^(-4) m·s^(-1) respectively,which are lower than previous works.By controlling test condition accurately,this study has developed a more precise sulfate MTC determining method.This method provides a basis for further research.

Flow and Leakage Characteristics in Sealing Chamber of a Variable Geometry Hypersonic Inlet

When the variable geometry hypersonic inlet is sealed with ceramic wafers,the cavity flows inside the sealing chamber can be affected by the boundary layer near the side wall.To study the influence of the boundary layer thickness near the side wall on the flow and leakage characteristics in sealing chamber,the numerical calculation of the cavity flow in the sealing chamber under different inflow boundary layer thicknesses is carried out.The results show that three-dimensional cavity flow structures are close to being asymmetric,and the entrance pressure of the leakage path can also be affected by asymmetry;with the increase of the thickness of the boundary layer,the pressure at the cavity floor and the seal entrance decreases.Finally,the existing leakage prediction model is modified according to the distribution rule of the cavity floor and the flow properties in the leakage path.

Three-dimensional stochastic seepage field for embankment engineering

Owing to the complexity of geo-engineering seepage problems influenced by different random factors, three-dimensional simulation and analysis of the stochastic seepage field plays an important role in engineering applications. A three-dimensional anisotropic heterogeneous steady random seepage model was developed on the basis of the finite element method. A statistical analysis of the distribution characteristics of soil parameters sampled from the main embankment of the Yangtze River in the Southern Jingzhou zone of China was conducted. The Kolomogorov-Smirnov test verified the statistical hypothesis that the permeability coefficient tensor has a Gaussian distribution. With the help of numerical analysis of the stochastic seepage field using the developed model, various statistical and random characteristics of the stochastic seepage field of the main embankment of the Yangtze River in the Southern Jingzhou zone of China were investigated. The model was also examined with statistical testing. Through the introduction of random variation of the upstream and downstream water levels into the model, the effects of the boundary randomness due to variation of the downstream and upstream water levels on the variation of simulated results presented with a vector series of the random seepage field were analyzed. Furthermore, the combined influence of the variation of the soil permeability coefficient and such seepage resistance measures as the cut-off wall and relief ditch on the hydraulic head distribution was analyzed and compared with the results obtained by determinate analysis. Meanwhile, sensitivities of the hydraulic gradient and downstream exit height to the variation of boundary water level were studied. The validity of the simulated results was verified by stochastic testing and measured data. The developed model provides more detail and a full stochastic algorithm to characterize and analyze three-dimensional stochastic seepage field problems.

A Three-Dimensional Prediction Method for Thermal Diffusion

A three-dimensional, first order turbulence closure, thermal diffusion model is described in this paper. The governing equations consist of an equation of continuity, three components of momentum, conservation equations for salt, temperature and subgridscale energy, and an equation of state. In the model, according to the hypothesis of Kolmogorov and Prandtl, the viscosity coefficient of turbulent flow of homogeneous fluid is related to the local turbulent energy, and the horizontal and vertical exchange coefficients of mass, heat and momentum are computed with the introduction of subgridscale turbulence energy. The governing equations are solved by finite difference techniques. This model is applied to the Jiaozhou bay to predict thermal pollution by the Huangdao power plant. An instantaneous tidal current field is computed, then the distribution of temperature increment is predicted, and finally the effect of wind stress on thermal discharge is discussed.

钻井过程中井漏特征精细识别方法研究与应用

井漏是钻井工程中普遍存在的井下复杂问题,严重影响着钻井施工安全与钻井周期,井漏特征精细识别是高效治理井漏的关键。首先,综合测井、钻井、录井及地质等资料,结合漏层力学性质与物理机理分析,利用加权系数法,建立了基于“井漏综合指数”的井漏层位识别新方法。然后,研究了漏失通道类型及尺寸、漏失压差、漏失速度等井漏特征参数的定量分析方法,并给出计算模型,形成了多信息融合的井漏特征精细识别方法。该方法在X区块进行了实例分析,分析结果表明,X区块实际井资料的处理结果与现场实际漏失地层的层位、漏失类型及漏失速度等井漏特征基本吻合。井漏特征精细识别方法综合考虑了井漏的主要影响因素,利用其可以准确识别漏层的特征,为防漏堵漏技术优化及施工提供科学依据。

柔性钻柱扭转振动及控制研究

在旋转钻井中,钻杆承担着传递扭矩以助钻头破岩的重要作用,钻杆的粘滑振动是降低钻井设备使用寿命和钻进效率的主要原因之一,因此,通过研究粘滑振动的机理,探寻一种有效的抑制方法。提出了基于改进粒子群优化PID参数的鲁棒控制器,抑制钻头的粘滑振动并且使得其它部件保持期望的速度上。采用四自由度粘滑振动模型,包括转盘、钻杆、钻铤和钻头,同时考虑钻头与岩石接触的非线性相互作用。利用Matlab/Simulink建立模型仿真进行数值分析,并且设计模拟钻头卡钻实验。结果表明:粘滑现象会带来严重的后果,改进的粒子群优化PID参数可以使钻头及其他部件稳定在给定的转速的附近,控制响应时间小于40 s,减少了钻头扭矩波动,有效地抑制了钻柱粘滑振动。

天然气泄漏扩散实验与高斯预测模型优化

众所周知,掌握天然气扩散规律是天然气泄漏监测方案设计的重要依据,其中利用高斯模型来预测天然气泄漏扩散规律已成为天然气事故风险评估和安全疏散的重要技术,但目前还没有适用于天然气等轻气泄漏扩散浓度测量的实验装置。为解决高斯预测模型对天然气泄漏扩散预测精度较低的问题,采用天然气扩散浓度监测实验平台,借由阵列布置的激光甲烷浓度探头测量不同风速和不同泄漏速率下,扩散下游空间内不同高度和位置的甲烷浓度,进一步修正了高斯扩散模型中的抬升高度和侧向、垂向扩散系数。研究结果表明:①自主设计的甲烷浓度监测实验平台,可实现下游扩散空间内任意位置的泄漏气云捕捉和分布式浓度测量;②天然气泄漏的气云抬升现象不明显,仅在无风、泄漏速率较小时出现了明显的气云向上抬升。结论认为,通过实验优化后的高斯扩散模型计算精度显著提升,对比查表获取的经验参数,本研究优化后的高斯模型预测扩散浓度偏差由33%降低至16%,显著降低了预测误差,成果对天然气泄漏风险评估与泄漏监测系统的设计具有重要指导意义。

城镇燃气管道小孔泄漏流量系数的定量研究

流量系数是影响泄漏速率计算准确程度的一个重要参数。针对目前小孔泄漏模型中流量系数经验性取值易导致泄漏速率计算结果与实际泄漏速率间存在偏差的问题,通过理论计算模型、气相小孔泄漏试验、计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)模拟仿真相结合的方法寻求偏差产生的原因,并利用试验测试数据的拟合分析结果得到圆孔和矩形孔流量系数的定量计算模型。研究显示:在试验测试与模拟仿真中,小孔泄漏的流量系数主要受泄漏压力和几何形状的影响,在相同的泄漏压力和泄漏面积下,矩形孔的泄漏速率高于圆孔的泄漏速率。理论计算模型忽略了相关因素对流量系数的影响,将流量系数设为定值是导致泄漏速率计算结果出现偏差的主要原因。通过非线性曲线拟合得到的圆孔和矩形孔流量系数的计算方程,能有效修正气相小孔泄漏的理论计算模型,进而得到更加准确的泄漏速率,为气体泄漏后的扩散和风险评估提供理论依据。

多重雷击下线路避雷器氧化锌阀片的劣化特性试验

多重雷击会加速劣化氧化锌阀片,造成阀片的电、热性能急剧下降,不同多重雷击参数下氧化锌阀片的破坏具有显著差异性。为此,开展了不同多重雷击参数对氧化锌阀片劣化特性的研究:首先,搭建了多重雷击试验研究平台,对阀片进行了单重1.0倍额定电流、单重1.5倍额定电流、4重1.0倍额定电流、单重1.5倍额定电流和12重1.0倍额定电流的5种工况冲击试验,测试了阀片的直流参数和温升;其次,分析了多重雷击参数对试验结果的影响,最后对阀片的非线性系数、热应力和破坏形式进行了讨论。结果表明:不同工况下直流参考电压变化均呈“下降—平稳—下降”趋势,4重出现直流参考电压陡降现象,12重出现泄漏电流陡升现象;1.5倍额定电流工况下阀片泄漏电流在前期与标称电流工况的变化幅度相近,后期急剧劣化;非线性系数也存在“下降—平稳—下降”规律,增大冲击重数和幅值会使非线性系数下降趋势增大;冲击重数和幅值增大使阀片外圈处最大热应力增加,阀片外圈出现不同长度的缺块。

基于试验设计方法的液相孔型-迷宫密封几何参数敏感性分析

为了评估新型液相孔型-迷宫密封在转子偏心下的泄漏特性,提高其运行稳定性,提出了中心组合设计的试验设计方法。对新型液相密封中影响泄漏特性和静态转子动力特性的关键几何参数(迷宫腔室深度、宽度、孔深和孔径)进行敏感性分析;采用基于动网格技术和稳态RANS方程的数值计算方法求解25种几何参数组合的新型液相密封在2种偏心率(0.1、0.2)下的泄漏量、静态气流激振力和静态刚度系数;分别以泄漏量、静态气流激振力和静态刚度系数为响应,以4个几何参数为变量获得主效应图。结果表明:偏心率对泄漏量的大小以及其几何参数敏感性影响很小,当腔室深度、宽度、孔深和孔径分别在40%、24%、56%、44%水平时,泄漏量最小;在转子偏心下,切向力随着迷宫腔室深度与宽度的增加而单调递减,随着孔深与孔径的增加先增加后减小;径向力随着腔室深度的增加而增加,随着腔室宽度的增加先减小后增加;当偏心率增加到0.2时能找到使静态直接刚度最大的几何参数组合,此时腔室深度、宽度、孔深和孔径分别在24%、48%、40%和64%水平。在转子偏心与不偏心工况下,腔室深度与宽度的增加均会造成静态交叉刚度的单调递减;转子偏心时静态交叉刚度随着孔深与孔径的增加先增加后减小。该研究结果可为液相孔型-迷宫密封的性能分析和结构设计提供参考。

基于Omega涡识别理论的自适应空化流动模型

液体火箭发动机涡轮泵内存在多种空化类型,其发生机理有所不同,现有数值计算方法通常采用同一套模型预测所有类型空化,导致预测精度不足。为提高复杂空化流动的计算精度,提出了自适应空化流动模型。基于先进的Omega涡识别理论和ZGB空化模型建立了相变系数自适应调整方法,以涡轮泵内两种典型空化(附着空化和泄漏涡空化)为对象,利用翼型实验对模型进行了验证。首先对比了几种涡识别方法的差异,发现Omega方法对阈值不敏感且物理意义明确,适合作为相变系数的取值依据;分析了相变系数对附着空化和泄漏涡空化的影响规律及两种典型空化的形成机理。结果表明:自适应模型相比ZGB模型,对泄漏涡空化的预测精度在大间隙下提升了约181%,小间隙提升了约27%,对附着空化的预测更接近实验结果;附着空化是吸力面脱落涡形成的原因,间隙泄漏流场的涡带和剪切层空化是由间隙泄漏涡和分离涡共同作用形成的。

基于PCC-LPSO-BP的油气管道缺陷分类识别研究

为准确识别油气管道的缺陷类型,分析缺陷漏磁信号特征对识别精度的影响,建立了基于PCC-LPSO-BP的油气管道缺陷识别模型。采用皮尔逊相关系数法(PCC)分析了缺陷漏磁信号特征量与缺陷尺寸间的相关程度,建立了混沌映射和莱维飞行改进的粒子群优化后的BP神经网络识别模型即LPSO-BP模型,采用评价指标综合比较了模型的识别效果,分析了该识别模型对各缺陷类型的识别精度以及各特征量对识别结果的影响。研究结果表明:LPSO-BP模型相较于BP模型识别精度提高了7.47%,且在现有的数据范围内对表面剥落和裂纹的识别率达到了100%。研究结果对油气管道缺陷识别量化具有一定的参考价值。

过滤式消防自救呼吸器的改进对性能影响研究

针对过滤式消防自救呼吸器在长时间贮存和穿戴时分别存在的易变形和不舒适的问题,提出了一种半面罩改进、进气口改进和密封形式改进的优化方法,用以提高可贮存性、人体穿戴体验和避免对消防救援过程产生负面影响。探讨了目前呼吸器的包装、进气口设计、半面罩材料存在的缺陷,依此提出了消防呼吸器设计的具体改进方案,并通过漏气系数、吸气阻力、呼气阻力和一氧化碳防护性能试验对改进方案进行可行性验证。经试验证明,改进后产品相较于原有产品性能变化显著:其中呼吸区漏气系数降低超过80%,吸气阻力降低超过30%,呼气阻力降低超过60%,一氧化碳透过质量浓度降低45%。经优化的包装形式和采用新型的半面罩可有效解决现有存储和穿戴不适问题,更加契合面部形态、缩短穿戴时间,同时增加使用的安全性。

基于同态加密的电力调度数据抗泄露加密系统设计

电力调度数据需满足端到端转发的高转发率和低延迟要求,面对海量调度数据,在电力内网和外网的复杂体系中,各层数据易出现丢失、篡改等问题。为避免信息泄露事件的出现,设计一种基于同态加密的电力调度数据抗泄露加密系统。通过建立密码模板,联合获取明文样本,求解边缘加密系数取值范围,完成电力调度数据同态加密方案的制定。将File设备中存储的电力调度数据按需分配至上机位、下机位布局环境中,调节各级设备模块的运行状态,完成电力调度数据抗泄露加密系统设计。实验结果表明,该设计系统可有效保证明文样本与密文样本之间的对应编译关系,其对应编译关系准确率达到100%。在解决信息泄露问题方面具有突出价值。

基于小孔模型的输气管道流量系数修正

流量系数是管道泄漏速率计算过程中的不确定因素,目前流量系数的选取存在随意性和盲目性。针对这一问题,在小孔模型理论分析的基础上,结合缩比实验和CFD数值模拟,考察管道内压、泄漏口形状、泄漏面积、管壁粗糙度对泄漏速率及流量系数的影响,通过速度矢量及马赫数对泄漏口附近进行流场分析,利用多元非线性拟合手段回归流量系数。结果表明,不同工况下的理论值均高于模拟值和实验值,而实验值和模拟值的吻合性较好;在相同压力下,不同形状泄漏口的泄漏速率与泄漏面积均呈正线性相关;在相同压力和泄漏面积下,矩形泄漏口泄漏速率最大,圆形泄漏口泄漏速率最小,说明矩形泄漏口的流量系数最大,其次为三角形和圆形泄漏口;流量系数修正方程的相关系数分别达到0.9951、0.9964、0.9925,可以用于不同工况下泄漏速率的计算。

HVDC用直流滤波电容器组均压技术研究

本文从HVDC用直流滤波电容器的台架结构出发,研究了台架设计对直流电压分配的影响,研究了电容器外壳连接元件串联段数、泄漏比与直流电压不均匀系数的关系,得出元件串联段数越多直流电压分配越不均匀的结论;结合电容器单元的特点,得出电容器的电时间常数是一个仅与ρε相关的常数的结论,并依据上述结论分析了大容量直流电容器组运行不理想的原因,给出了直流滤波电容器组的设计建议。

Effects of tooth bending damage on the leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals

Tooth bending damage resulting from an intense impact by the rotor sometimes occurs in the transient operation.To investigate the influence of after-damage clearance and tooth bending length on the leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals,three tooth bending damages were taken into consideration,including the unbent tooth damage(abbreviated as Unbent),the partial tooth bending damage(abbreviated as Pbent)and the complete tooth bending damage(abbreviated as Cbent).The transient CFD solution was utilized to calculate the leakage flow rates and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals with clearances of 0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6 mm for three tooth bending damages.The obtained result shows that the Unbent tooth damage leaks least while the Pbent tooth bending damage leaks most,and an increase of 6.1%for Cbent tooth bending damage and an increase of 19.4%for Pbent tooth bending damage are discovered at the tooth clearance of 0.6 mm in comparison with the Unbent tooth damage.Compared to the Unbent tooth damage,the effective damping for Pbent tooth bending damage and Cbent tooth bending damage is lower and drops by 9.7%–33.6%and 8.5%–22.6%respectively at the tooth clearance of 0.6 mm,suggesting that Pbent tooth bending damage or Cbent tooth bending damage tends to weaken the seal stability when compared to the Unbent tooth damage.

Influences of cavity leakage on the design of low flow coefficient centrifugal impeller

The low flow coefficient centrifugal impeller(LFCCI)gives a relatively low efficiency and a special treatment is required for the design of this kind of impeller.This paper investigates the influences of cavity leakage on the performance prediction and design of LFCCI based on Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)techniques.The results show that,the reduction in the effi-ciency of impeller due to the introduction of cavity leakage varies with the blade shape of impeller in a wide range since there is a strong and complex interaction of main flow and leakage flow in the LFCCI.To get a credible optimization result,the backside and foreside cavities should be considered in the CFD-based design of LFCCI.

非牛顿流体滩涂钢板桩围堰泄漏量分析

以非牛顿流体淤泥为介质,采用ANSYS Fluent软件,对滩涂埋地管道抢修围堰不同位置的泄漏量进行研究,得到稠度系数、幂律指数、缝隙尺寸对围堰泄漏量的影响规律,并对围堰内部淤泥每小时上升高度进行了计算。结果表明:幂律指数小于1时,发生剪切稀化,淤泥表观黏度随剪切应变率的增加而降低;随着幂律指数的增大,泄漏量逐渐增加,淤泥表观黏度随幂律指数的增大而降低,尤其是幂律指数大于1时,泄漏量进一步增加,说明流体流动过程中剪切应变率小于1。稠度系数增大时,围堰的泄漏量逐渐降低;缝隙尺寸增加时,围堰的泄漏量显著增大。当幂律指数为0.3~0.5、稠度系数为3~9 kPa·s、缝隙尺寸为5~10 mm时,围堰内部淤泥上升的总高度对围堰内部施工影响很小。