High-speed autopolarization synchronization modulation three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy

In recent years,notable progress has been achieved in both the hardware and algorithms of structured illumination microscopy(SIM).Nevertheless,the advancement of three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy(3DSIM)has been impeded by challenges arising from the speed and intricacy of polarization modulation.We introduce a high-speed modulation 3DSIM system,leveraging the polarizationmaintaining and modulation capabilities of a digital micromirror device(DMD)in conjunction with an electrooptic modulator.The DMD-3DSIM system yields a twofold enhancement in both lateral(133 nm)and axial(300 nm)resolution compared to wide-field imaging and can acquire a data set comprising 29 sections of 1024 pixels×1024 pixels,with 15 ms exposure time and 6.75 s per volume.The versatility of the DMD-3DSIM approach was exemplified through the imaging of various specimens,including fluorescent beads,nuclear pores,microtubules,actin filaments,and mitochondria within cells,as well as plant and animal tissues.Notably,polarized 3DSIM elucidated the orientation of actin filaments.Furthermore,the implementation of diverse deconvolution algorithms further enhances 3D resolution.The DMD-based 3DSIM system presents a rapid and reliable methodology for investigating biomedical phenomena,boasting capabilities encompassing 3D superresolution,fast temporal resolution,and polarization imaging.

Demodulator for Chaotic Secure Communication Based on Proportional-integral Feedback Design

A scheme of chaotic secure communication based on the parameter modulation and the inversion of a chaotic dynamical system is analyzed. According to this scheme, information signal is modulated by a bifurcation parameter of the transmitter, which is in chaotic state. In the receiver, a proportional integral feedback demodulator is used to demodulate the information signal, which only uses the available synchronizing error as well as stateness of receiver. The purpose of this demodulator is proposed to overcome the influence of differentiation operation, nonlinear part and singularities in chaotic system. Numerical simulation is proposed to show the effectiveness of this demodulator.

A new method of demodulating the digital frequency modulation signals

A new method of estimating the frequency-known signals from the strong background noise was presented first. Then the new method was used in the demodulation of the digital frequency modulation (FSK) signals. The new demodulation method can complete the demodulation of the FSK signals only with the carrier frequency and without any carrier phase information. The simulation results show that the performance of anti-noise of the new method is better than that of the incoherent demodulation method and the fluctuation of the carrier phase has little effect on the new method. So the new demodulation method has a fine prospect in the practical applications.

Research on the Comprehensive Demodulation of Gear Tooth Crack Early Fault

The component of gear vibration signal is very complex,when a localized tooth defect such as a tooth crack is pre- sent,the engagement of the cracked tooth will induce an impulsive change with comparatively low energy to the gear mesh signal and the background noise.This paper presents a new comprehensive demodulation method which combined with amplitude envelop demodulation and phase demodulation to extract gear crack early fault.A mathematical model of gear vibration signal contain crack fault is put forward.Simulation results based on this model show that the new comprehensive demodulation method is more effective in finding fault and judging fault level then conventional single amplitude demodulation at present.

Study on the Optimized Demodulation and Decoding of the BICM-ID system coded with LDPC

The demodulation and decoding solution commonly used in the bit interleaving code modulation and the LDPC coded demodulation and decoding system of the iterative decoding （BICM-ID） is to report the soft information output from the decoder of the receiver to the demodulator as priori information for completing the decoding. However, this will give rise to the reduction of the minimum Euclidean distances between codes, so that the performances of the system decline under non-fading Gaussian channel. According to this problem, an optimized iterative demodulation decoding solution is proposed and also is analyzed using simulation. The result shows that this solution can improve the demodulation and decoding performances of LDPC coded modulation and demodulation system.

Simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy for esophageal cancer:A feasibility study

AIM: To establish the feasibility of simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy (SMART) in esophageal cancer (EC).

Helical tomotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy:New therapeutic arms in the breast cancer radiotherapy

AIM To analyse clinical and dosimetric results of helical tomotherapy(HT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) in complex adjuvant breast and nodes irradiation.METHODS Seventy-three patients were included(31 HT and 42 VMAT). Dose were 63.8 Gy(HT) and 63.2 Gy(VMAT) in the tumour bed, 52.2 Gy in the breast, 50.4 Gy in supraclavicular nodes(SCN) and internal mammary chain(IMC) with HT and 52.2 Gy and 49.3 Gy in IMC and SCN with VMAT in 29 fractions. Margins to particle tracking velocimetry were greater in the VMAT cohort(7 mm vs 5 mm).RESULTS For the HT cohort, the coverage of clinical target volumes was as follows: Tumour bed: 99.4% ± 2.4%; breast: 98.4% ± 4.3%; SCN: 99.5% ± 1.2%; IMC:96.5% ± 13.9%. For the VMAT cohort, the coverage was as follows: Tumour bed: 99.7% ± 0.5%, breast: 99.3% ± 0.7%; SCN: 99.6% ± 1.4%; IMC: 99.3% ± 3%. For ipsilateral lung, Dmean and V20 were 13.6 ± 1.2 Gy, 21.1% ± 5%(HT) and 13.6 ± 1.4 Gy, 20.1% ± 3.2%(VMAT). Dmean and V30 of the heart were 7.4 ± 1.4 Gy, 1% ± 1%(HT) and 10.3 ± 4.2 Gy, 2.5% ± 3.9%(VMAT). For controlateral breast Dmean was 3.6 ± 0.2 Gy(HT) and 4.6 ± 0.9 Gy(VMAT). Acute skin toxicity grade 3 was 5% in the two cohorts.CONCLUSION HT and VMAT in complex adjuvant breast irradiation allow a good coverage of target volumes with an acceptable acute tolerance. A longer follow-up is needed to assess the impact of low doses to healthy tissues.

Spatially modulated scene illumination for intensity-compensated two-dimensional array photon-counting LiDAR imaging

Photon-counting LiDAR using a two-dimensional(2D)array detector has the advantages of high lateral resolution and fast acquisition speed.The non-uniform intensity profile of the illumination beam and non-uniform quantum efficiency of the detectors in the 2D array deteriorate the imaging quality.Herein,we propose a photon-counting LiDAR system that uses a spatial light modulator to control the spatial intensity to compensate for both the non-uniform intensity profile of the illumination beam,and the variation in the quantum efficiency of the detectors in the 2D array.By using a 635 nm peak wavelength and 4 mW average power semiconductor laser,lab-based experiments at a 4.27 m stand-off distance are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.Compared with the unmodulated method,the standard deviation of the intensity image of the proposed method is reduced from 0.109 to 0.089 for a whiteboard target,with an average signal photon number of 0.006 per pixel.

Piecewise linear detection for direct superposition modulation

Considering high-order digital modulation schemes, the bottleneck in consumer products is the detector rather than the modulator. The complexity of the optimal a posteriori probability （APP） detector increases exponentially with respect to the number of modulated bits per data symbol. Thus, it is necessary to develop low-complexity detection algorithms with an APP-like performance, especially when performing iterative detection, for example in conjunction with bit interleaved coded modulation. We show that a special case of superposition modulation, dubbed Direct Superposition Modulation （DSM）, is particularly suitable for complexity reduction at the receiver side. As opposed to square QAM, DSM achieves capacity without active signal shaping. The main contribution is a low-cost detection algorithm for DSM, which enables iterative detection by taking a priori information into account. This algorithm exploits the approximate piecewise linear behavior of the soft outputs of an APP detector over the entire range of detector input values. A theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that at least max-log APP performance can be reached, while the complexity is significantly reduced compared to classical APP detection.

Study on incident laser modulation using surface micro-defects on KH_2PO_4 crystal

KH2PO4 crystal is a crucial optical component of inertial confinement fusion. Modulation of an incident laser by surface micro-defects will induce the growth of surface damage, which largely restricts the enhancement of the laser induced damage threshold. The modulation of an incident laser by using different kinds of surface defects are simulated by employing the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. The results indicate that after the modulation of surface defects, the light intensity distribution inside the crystal is badly distorted, with the light intensity enhanced symmetrically. The relations between modulation properties and defect geometries （e.g., width, morphology, and depth of defects） are quite different for different defects. The modulation action is most obvious when the width of surface defects reaches 1.064 p-m. For defects with smooth morphology, such as spherical pits, the degree of modulation is the smallest and the light intensity distribution seems relatively uniform. The degree of modulation increases rapidly with the increase of the depth of surface defects and becomes stable when the depth reaches a critical value. The critical depth is 1.064 μm for cuboid pits and radial cracks, while for ellipsoidal pits the value depends on both the width and the length of the defects.

High efficiency spreading spectrum modulation using double orthogonal complex sequences

This paper presents a novel scheme of high efficiency spreading spectrum modulation using double orthogonal complex sequences （DoCS）. In this scheme, input data bit-stream is split into many groups with length M. Each group is then mapped into a word of width M and then utihzed to select one sequence from 2u-2 DoCS sequences each with length L. After that, the selected sequence is modulated on carrier in quadrature phase shift keying （QPSK） mode. In addition, a new method named forward phase correction （FPC） is put forward for carrier recovery. Theoretical analysis and bit-error-ratio（BER） experiment results indicate that the proposed scheme has better performance than the conventional direct sequence spread spectrum（DSSS） scheme both in bandwidth efficiency and processing gain of the receiver.

Broad-band direct QPSK modulator/demodulator for wireless gigabit communication

The design and measured results of a broad-band direct quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK) modulator and demodulator are described in this paper.The circuits are fabricated using 1-m GaAs HBT technology.To suppress the local oscillator(LO) leakage,the double-balanced mixer is selected as the core unit in the modulator/demodulator.An embedded four-way quadrature divider which includes a Lange coupler and two Baluns is utilized in the system to generate quadrature-phase LO signals.As results of a back-to-back test,the system can operate at data rates in excess of 2 Gb/s(1 Gb/s per I and Q channels) at 30 GHz.The supplies of the modulator and demodulator are 5.0 V and 4.5 V with size of 1.35 mm×3.5 mm and 1.36 mm×3.4 mm,respectively.

Design of Dismantling and Recycling Equipment for Junction Boxes of Waste Crystal Silicon Photovoltaic Modules

The dismantling and recycling of junction boxes,which is an important part of the photovoltaic module recycling process,was tested and designed scientifically.The equipment framework was built by three-dimensional simulation,and then the design of dismantling and recycling equipment for junction boxes of waste crystal silicon photovoltaic modules was completed through the experimental test and data analysis.The experimental results show that the initial idea of the dismantling scheme is correct,and the structure is feasible.However,some problems were not considered.This study provides reliable data support for the subsequent equipment development and ensures the smooth development of the subsequent design work.

The impact of intensity modulated radiotherapy on the skin dose for deep seated tumors

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) on surface doses for brain, abdomen and pelvis deep located tumors treated with 6 MV photon and to evaluate the skin dose calculation accuracy of the XIO 4.04 treatment planning system. Methods: More investigations for the influences of IMRT on skin doses would increase its applications for many treatment sites. Measuring skin doses in real treatment situations would reduce the uncertainty of skin dose prediction. In this work a pediatric human phantom was covered by a layer of 1 mm bolus at three treatment sites and thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) chips were inserted into the bolus at each treatment site before CT scan. Two different treatment plans [three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and IMRT] for each treatment sites were performed on XIO 4.04 treatment planning system using superposition algorism. Results: The results showed that the surface doses for 3DCRT were higher than the surface doses in IMRT by 1.6%, 2.5% and 3.2% for brain, abdomen and pelvis sites respectively. There was good agreement between measured and calculated surface doses, where the calculated surface dose was 15.5% for brain tumor calculated with 3DCRT whereas the measured surface dose was 12.1%. For abdomen site the calculated surface dose for IMRT treatment plan was 16.5% whereas the measured surface dose was 12.6%. Conclusion: The skin dose in IMRT for deep seated tumors is lower than that in 3DCRT which is another advantage for the IMRT. The TLD readings showed that the difference between the calculated and measured point dose is negligible. The superposition calculation algorism of the XIO 4.04 treatment planning system modeled the superficial dose well.

Symbol detection based on Voronoi surfaces with emphasis on superposition modulation

A challenging task when applying high-order digital modulation schemes is the complexity of the detector. Particularly, the complexity of the optimal a posteriori probability （APP） detector increases exponentially with respect to the number of bits per data symbol. This statement is also true for the Max-Log-APP detector, which is a common simplification of the APP detector. Thus it is important to design new detection algorithms which combine a sufficient performance with low complexity. In this contribution, a detection algorithm for two- dimensional digital modulation schemes which cannot be split-up into real and imaginary parts （like phase shift keying and phase-shifted snperposition modulation （PSM）） is proposed with emphasis on PSM with equal power allocation. This algorithm exploits the relationship between Max-Log-APP detection and a Voronoi diagram to determine planar surfaces of the soft outputs over the entire range of detector input values. As opposed to state-of-the-art detectors based on Voronoi surfaces, a priori information is taken into account, enabling iterative processing. Since the algorithm achieves Max-Log-APP performance, even in the presence of a priori information, this implies a great potential for complexity reduction compared to the classical APP detection.

基于微波光子的带内全双工自干扰消除系统

为了突破传统射频自干扰消除技术受频率、带宽、抗电磁干扰等电子瓶颈的限制,满足未来无线通信及雷达系统的发展需求,设计一种基于偏振复用马曾调制器(PDM-MZM)的微波光子自干扰消除方案,通过引入一个与自干扰信号同频、等幅、反相的参考信号在光域与自干扰信号直接抵消.除了具有自干扰消除和下变频功能外,该方案还可用于矢量信号的IQ解调,在IQ解调时灵活调整两路中的偏振控制器,可使IQ两路信号幅度严格相等,相位严格正交,进而消除IQ幅度不均衡对全双工系统接收端的影响.理论分析和仿真测试结果表明,自干扰信号的消除深度可达到72 dB以上,系统的三阶无杂散动态范围可达到95.2 dB·Hz^(2/3),增益为-16.2 dB.该方案具有大带宽、可调谐、抗电磁干扰能力强、体积小、损耗低等优势,在无线通信、雷达系统中具有较大的应用潜力.

基于Labview的分布式光纤光栅信号解调技术研究

分布式光纤光栅信号解调中受到通信信道的码间干扰导致信道均衡性不好,提出基于Labview的分布式光纤光栅信号解调技术。采用连续时间采样技术构建分布式光纤光栅信号采集模型,对信号输出的功率谱密度特征进行相位调制处理,在离散的维纳模型下提取分布式光纤光栅信号的偏移中心频率和单边带功率谱密度特征信息,通过Labview的调制解调技术实现对信号的调制解调处理,最后采用抗相位噪声干扰的星座图分析方法分析光纤光栅信号解调的抗干扰性和误码抑制能力。仿真结果得知,该方法进行分布式光纤光栅信号解调的抗干扰性较好,提高了信道的频谱带宽,降低了频率中心偏移,传输误码率低于0.05%,信号的传输延时维持在30μs左右,具有较强的应用性。

串联补偿无线电能传输变换器载波通信研究

无线电能传输(WPT)负载电压、电流等状态信息需送到原边进行闭环控制和监控处理,副边到原边的通信至关重要。首先介绍了电容调制的WPT系统拓扑和工作原理,电容调制与否使得系统拓扑发生变化,未调制时原、副边拓扑为串/串(S/S)结构;调制时原、副边拓扑为串/串并(S/SP)结构。调制电容的投切形成两种状态来传递通信信息,且该状态变化可以反映到原边电流上。其次采用幅移键控(ASK)解调电路对原边电流处理即可还原通信信号,为提高解调精度和抗干扰能力,对ASK解调电路进行改进。最后通过仿真和实验验证了方案的有效性,实验结果表明,该系统在100 W的运行功率、2~5 kHz的通信频率下,可以精准完成副边到原边的通信。

相控阵用TR模块的健康管理

为满足相控阵雷达收发模块(TR模块)全生命周期健康管理的需求,本文设计了一种新型健康管理方式。通过对TR模块故障检测需求进行详细分析,确定故障检测内容和响应方案,并提出设计方案、系统框图及具有针对性的检测电路。试验表明:该健康管理方式的故障定位可覆盖TR模块的6种主要故障,满足TR模块健康管理需求,且设计的样机具有较高的工业应用价值。