Ultrasensitive Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) in Water Using Three-Dimensional SERS Substrate Based on Porous Material and pH 13 Gold Nanoparticles

Sensitivity is crucially important for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)application to detect trace-level polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in the seawater.In this study,a high sensitivity three-dimensional(3-D)SERS substrate composed with syringe filter,glycidyl methacrylate-ethylene dimethacrylate(GMA-EDMA)porous material and optimal parameters(57 nm,pH 13)gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)was developed for the detection of PAHs in water.The enhancement effect and repeatability of this 3-D substrate were also explored.The Raman intensity of pyrene using 3-D SERS substrate is about 8 times higher than that of substrate only using p H 13 gold colloid solution and about 12 times higher than that of substrate using natural Au NPs and GMA-EDMA porous material,which means both the pH 13 AuN Ps and the GMA-EDMA porous material are important factors for the sensitivity of this 3-D SERS substrate.Good repeatability of this optimal 3-D substrate was obtained.The relative standard deviation(RSD)is less than 8.66% on the same substrate and less than 3.69% on other different substrates.Four kinds of PAHs,i.e.,phenanthrene,pyrene,benzo(a)pyrene,benzo(k)fluoranthene and their mixture,were detected at the different concentrations.Their limits of detection(LODs)are 8.3×10^-10(phenanthrene),2.1×10^-10(pyrene),3.8×10^-10(benzo(a)pyrene)and 1.7×10^-10 mol L^-1(benzo(k)fluoranthene),respectively.In addition,these four PAHs were also detected by fluorescence spectroscopy to evaluate the sensitivity of SERS technology using this optimal 3-D SERS substrate.The results showed that the sensitivity of SERS based on the 3-D SERS substrate even using the portable Raman system was closed to that of fluorescence spectroscopy.Therefore,the SERS technology using this optimal 3-D substrate is expected to be an in-situ method for the detection of environmental PAHs.

Three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation of bulk fin field effect transistor

In this paper, we investigate the performance of the bulk fin field effect transistor （FinFET） through a three- dimensional （3D） full band Monte Carlo simulator with quantum correction. Several scattering mechanisms, such as the acoustic and optical phonon scattering, the ionized impurity scattering, the impact ionization scattering and the surface roughness scattering are considered in our simulator. The effects of the substrate bias and the surface roughness scattering near the Si/SiO2 interface on the performance of bulk FinFET are mainly discussed in our work. Our results show that the on-current of bulk FinFET is sensitive to the surface roughness and that we can reduce the substrate leakage current by modulating the substrate bias voltage.

Application experience and research progress of different emerging technologies in plastic surgery

In the diagnosis and treatment of plastic surgery,there are structural processing problems,such as positioning,moving,and reconstructing complex threedimensional structures.Doctors operate according to their own experience,and the inability to accurately locate these structures is an important problem in plastic surgery.Emerging digital technologies such as virtual reality,augmented reality,and three-dimensional printing are widely used in the medical field,particularly in plastic surgery.This article reviews the development of these three technical concepts,introduces the technical elements and specific applications required in plastic surgery,summarizes the application status of the three technologies in plastic surgery,and summarizes prospects for future development.

塑胶跑道用超细纤维聚氨酯合成革的制备及性能测试

为改善塑胶跑道综合应用性能,优化超细纤维聚氨酯合成革物理机械性能,本文由聚氨酯树脂含浸无纺布制备了超细纤维聚氨酯合成革,并对其力学性能与卫生性能进行了测试表征。结果发现,随着聚氨酯浸渍率增加,超细纤维聚氨酯合成革基布表观密度增大,密实程度提高,而压缩弹性率先增加后减少;随着聚氨酯浸渍率增加,超细纤维聚氨酯合成革基布剥离强度逐渐升高,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率皆呈现先降低后升高再降低的曲线形态,而撕裂强度则表现为先降低后升高的态势;随着聚氨酯浸渍率增加,超细纤维聚氨酯合成革基布透气性与透水汽性持续性下降;超细纤维聚氨酯合成革基布的干擦与湿擦色牢度均可达到5,而于氢氧化钠溶液中不溶色,表明基布耐碱性良好。

ABF塑封基板叠孔的高可靠结构设计

在塑封倒装焊结构中,有芯基板的布线过孔结构在温度循环载荷下的疲劳开裂是影响其可靠性的重要因素。为提升军用增强型有芯基板的设计可靠性,建立了基于Ansys有限元分析软件的塑封基板叠孔疲劳寿命仿真流程,通过子模型分析方法,预测了叠孔应力集中点的疲劳寿命,研究了叠孔位置、叠孔层数、芯层厚度、布线长度等因素对温度循环可靠性的影响。结果表明,铜布线结构最大应力应变点出现在叠孔底端与布线层连接处,这与实际生产中封装样品的失效模式一致,疲劳寿命仿真结果与实验结果相吻合。芯片对角位置叠孔的疲劳寿命比中心位置叠孔下降约36%。与2层叠孔相比,4层叠孔的疲劳寿命下降约55.6%。芯层厚度每增长0.4 mm,叠孔寿命相较于芯层厚度增长前分别下降约22.1%和27.5%。相较于370μm布线结构中的叠孔,5μm布线结构中叠孔的疲劳寿命下降约22.4%。

Optical coating and nano-structuring on plastics

The coating of plastics for optical applications is intended to improve the mechanical durability of soft polymers and to serve an antireflection function. Usually a classic four-layer antireflection system is added on top of a single-layer hard coating. With needle optimisation,an alternative coating design has been developed. Plasma ion assisted deposition was used to deposit coatings upon polymers. Uniform antireflection and high scratch resistance have been achieved.

Review of Ex Vivo Cardiac Electrical Mapping and Intelligent Labeling of Atrial Fibrillation Substrates

With the development of computer hardware and the growth of clinical database,tremendous progress has been made in the application of deep learning to electrocardiographic data,which provides new ideas for the ex vivo cardiac electrical mapping of atrial fibrillation(AF)substrates.The AF mechanism and current status of AF substrate research are first summarized.Then,the advantages and limitations of cardiac electrophysiological mapping techniques are analyzed.Finally,the application of deep learning to electrocardiogram(ECG)data is reviewed,the problems with the ex vivo intelligent labeling of an AF substrate and the possible solutions are discussed,an outlook on future development is provided.

A Modified Symmetric and Antisymmetric Decomposition-Based Three-Dimensional Numerical Manifold Method for Finite Elastic-Plastic Deformations

There are relatively few studies on large rotation or deformation by means of the three-dimensional(3D)numerical manifold method(NMM).A new modified symmetric and antisymmetric decomposition(MSAD)theory is developed and implemented into the 3D NMM,eliminating the false-volume expansion and false-rotation strain/stress problems.The Jaumann rate is used to measure the material rotation,and the geometric stiffness built on the Jaumann rate is deduced.The incremental formulas of the MSAD-based 3D NMM and a practical guide on the implementation of the MSAD theory are given in detail and exemplified.The new theory and formulas can be applied to analyze both large rotation and large deformation problems.Based on the hypoelasto-plasticity theory and the unified strength theory,the unified yield criterion with associated flow rule is implemented into the MSAD-based 3D NMM.Several typical examples are studied,showing the advantage and potential of the new MSAD theory and the MSAD-based 3D NMM.

软塑黄土隧道设计技术优化研究

针对软塑黄土隧道存在围岩软弱、含水率高、自稳能力差等工程难题,依托南窑隧道对软塑黄土地层物理力学参数和支护结构内力分析,从洞口工程、支护设计、隧道降排水、基底处理、施工工法这五个方面优化设计思路和处治方法,为软塑黄土隧道工程设计提供项目参考。

双层基板塑封器件的声扫检查方法研究

在对双层基板塑料封装器件进行扫描声学显微镜检查时,对器件结构和声扫设备成像了解不充分,容易导致误判。对ACTEL公司生产的2款双层基板结构的FPGA器件进行化学开封和物理解剖分析,同时从器件检测波形特点、声扫图像特征、同类器件对比验证等多个方面进行综合分析及验证。指出当门限内包含2个及以上主波信号时,应关注器件的封装结构。在充分了解器件结构后,通过门限设置选定与关注界面对应的界面波,再进行声扫即可得出正确的结果。

塑料基体低温沉积ITO薄膜的研究

综述了塑料基体低温沉积ITO薄膜国内外的最新研究现状,并指出了现在存在的问题,认为实现低温沉积、保证薄膜的光电性能和改善薄膜表面质量是3个关键技术。同时结合自己的研究工作,提出了相应的解决方法和建议。

轮作叶菜对大棚番茄连作基质重复利用效果的影响

【目的】在大棚连作有机基质中轮作不同种类的叶菜,比较其对缓解或消除番茄连作障碍的效果。【方法】于大棚果菜冬闲季节,在连续栽培2茬番茄的有机基质中分别轮作蒜苗、小白菜和油麦菜,以基质冬闲为CK1,新配同配方基质为CK2,新配草炭基质为CK3,后茬再种植番茄,测定轮作叶菜的效果。【结果】除CK1的EC值变化较大外,其他处理基质栽培前后的EC、pH、体积质量、总孔隙度的变化幅度很小,均在适合番茄生长的范围内;轮作叶菜后基质中碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量有不同程度的降低;在整个生长期,轮作蒜苗或小白菜处理的番茄生长及根系还原强度均比CK1有显著优势,与CK2和CK3接近且无显著差异;轮作蒜苗处理的番茄小区产量与CK3无显著差异,且显著高于其他处理;轮作小白菜处理和CK2次之,CK1最低。轮作蒜苗处理番茄果实的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和番茄红素含量及糖酸比均较高,品质较好,与CK2和CK3差异不明显。【结论】连作2茬番茄的有机基质再种番茄后表现出了明显的连作障碍;对于连作基质,在大棚冬闲季节轮作叶菜可减轻或消除连作障碍,轮作蒜苗后再种植番茄,番茄生长、产量和品质均能达到理想的效果。

脆性涂层／韧性基体材料在拉伸应变作用下的开裂行为

提出一种在脆性涂层/韧性基体材料中含弹塑性界面层的剪滞模型。研究脆性涂层/韧性基体材料在拉伸应变作用下,其表面脆性涂层的开裂行为特征,探讨涂层内正应力、界面切应力、涂层的裂纹密度与涂层几何、力学等参数之间的内在联系,获得了涂层内正应力、界面切应力和(饱和)裂纹密度的解析表达式。最后利用这些参量及其间的内在联系,以工程实际中的脆性Cr涂层/韧性钢基体材料为研究对象,研究该种材料在拉伸过程中出现的断裂行为特征。研究结果表明,该材料在拉伸应变作用下出现的饱和裂纹密度与理论结果预测值符合较好。

柔性有机薄膜电致发光显示材料及器件

有机薄膜电致发光显示器件(OLED)近年来得到了迅猛发展,是未来全固体平板式彩色显示器的重要候选者,其最大优势之一是可以制作成柔性显示器件。本文综述了柔性有机电致发光材料及器件的发展概况、工作原理与优缺点,目前制作此类器件中存在的困难及解决这些困难的有效措施。

流延法制备AlN陶瓷基板的研究

从颗粒尺寸、浆料流体类型、干燥条件、排胶机制等方面对流延法制备ＡｌＮ陶瓷基板展开了较为系统的研究．结果表明，颗粒尺寸的不同直接影响到浆料粘度及分散剂用量．适于ＡｌＮ流延成型的浆料流体类型属于假塑性流体．保持一定的溶剂气氛有利于获得表面平整光滑的流延素坯膜．二次排胶有利于排除ＡｌＮ流延素坯膜中的残余碳．烧结后基板的断口ＳＥＭ照片表明晶粒发育较为完善，无明显开气孔，断裂模式为沿晶断裂．

泡罩包装技术分析

泡罩包装是应用广泛、发展迅速的软包装形式之一。介绍了泡罩包装的特点和基本结构,阐述了泡罩包装的工艺流程,分析了泡罩包装机种类和工作流程。预计泡罩包装在包装印刷行业将扮演越来越重要的角色。

低温沉积硅薄膜电池及其在塑料衬底上的应用

采用射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(RF-PECVD)技术,保持衬底温度在125℃沉积硅薄膜材料及电池,研究了硅烷浓度、辉光功率等沉积参数对材料和电池性能的影响。在125℃的低温条件下,通过优化沉积工艺,在玻璃衬底和PET塑料衬底上分别制备出效率达到6.8%和3.9%的单结非晶硅电池。在PET衬底上,将低温沉积非晶硅电池的技术应用于的叠层电池的顶电池,制备出效率为4.6%的非晶/微晶硅叠层电池。

航空发动机叶片TiN/Ti涂层基体冲蚀响应数值模拟

目的研究Ti N/Ti涂层结构变化对TC4钛合金基体冲击塑性应变的影响。方法采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立球形Al2O3颗粒冲击覆有Ti N/Ti涂层TC4基体的二维轴对称模型,分析涂层硬质层厚度、硬质层层数对基体在冲击过程中的等效塑性应变的影响规律。结果对于无涂层的基体,其冲击塑性应变仅发生在冲击的加载阶段,冲击塑性应变分为加载及卸载两个阶段,加载阶段基体的塑性应变由球形颗粒的冲击产生,卸载阶段基体的塑性应变由涂层硬质层的回弹产生。对于单层结构涂层,当硬质层厚度低于12μm时,随着硬质层厚度的增加,基体的塑性应变较大且呈振荡变化;当硬质层厚度超过12μm时,随着硬质层厚度的增加,基体的塑性应变减小。对于多层结构涂层,当硬质层的厚度不变,增加涂层硬质层层数使得基体的塑性应变减小。结论有限元可以模拟分析Ti N/Ti涂层结构对TC4钛合金冲蚀性能影响规律,优化Ti N/Ti抗冲蚀涂层的结构设计参数,对抗冲蚀涂层的结构设计及其进一步研究具有指导意义。

塑料薄膜衬底上复合敏感膜热释电传感器的制备

将Sol-Gel法制备的掺钙钛酸镧铅纳米粉粒(PCLT)与聚偏氟乙烯-三氟乙烯(P(VDF-TrFE)均匀复合,作为热释电传感器的敏感膜,比同样制备条件的纯聚偏氟乙烯-三氟乙烯膜的探测优值高约22.4%。并以沉积有35nmITO薄膜的廉价PET塑料为衬底,用旋转涂膜法沉积PCLT/P(VDF-TrFE)复合敏感膜,用Ni-Cr薄膜作上电极,制备了PCLT/P(VDF-TrFE)/PET热释电传感器。PET塑料可有效降低热释电元件的热导,下电极ITO可反射红外辐射,明显提高了传感器的电压响应和降低热释电元件的热噪声。测试结果表明,PCLT/P(VDF-TrFE)/PET热释电传感器的探测率达到3.4×107cmHz1/2W-1,比同样制备条件的体硅衬底传感器高2个数量级以上。

染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的新型对电极研究

研究了用金属基板和塑料薄膜制作的4种新型对电极和由这些对电极构成的染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的性能。由不锈钢、镍片和导电聚合物膜为基材的对电极构成的太阳电池的光电转换效率近5％；不锈钢对电极可以通过降低内阻来改善大面积染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的光电转换效率。此外,测试了这些金属基板和塑料薄膜在电解质溶液中的耐腐蚀性和稳定性；考察了由不锈钢和导电聚合物膜对电极构成的染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的长期性能稳定性,并提出了改善这些新型对电极的长期性能稳定性的途径。