Three-dimensional physical simulation and optimization of water injection of a multi-well fractured-vuggy unit

With complex fractured-vuggy heterogeneous structures, water has to be injected to facilitate oil pro- duction. However, the effect of different water injection modes on oil recovery varies. The limitation of existing numerical simulation methods in representing fractured- vuggy carbonate reservoirs makes numerical simulation difficult to characterize the fluid flow in these reservoirs. In this paper, based on a geological example unit in the Tahe Oilfield, a three-dimensional physical model was designed and constructed to simulate fluid flow in a fractured-vuggy reservoir according to similarity criteria. The model was validated by simulating a bottom water drive reservoir, and then subsequent water injection modes were optimized. These were continuous （constant rate）, intermittent, and pulsed injection of water. Experimental results reveal that due to the unbalanced formation pressure caused by pulsed water injection, the swept volume was expanded and consequently the highest oil recovery increment was achieved. Similar to continuous water injection, intermit- tent injection was influenced by factors including the connectivity of the fractured-vuggy reservoir, well depth, and the injection-production relationship, which led to a relative low oil recovery. This study may provide a constructive guide to field production and for the devel- opment of the commercial numerical models specialized for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.

Multiconstraint adaptive three-dimensional guidance law using convex optimization

The traditional guidance law only guarantees the accuracy of attacking a target. However, the look angle and acceleration constraints are indispensable in applications. A new adaptive three-dimensional proportional navigation(PN) guidance law is proposed based on convex optimization. Decomposition of the three-dimensional space is carried out to establish threedimensional kinematic engagements. The constraints and the performance index are disposed by using the convex optimization method. PN guidance gains can be obtained by solving the optimization problem. This solution is more rapid and programmatic than the traditional method and provides a foundation for future online guidance methods, which is of great value for engineering applications.

New Three-Dimensional Assessment Model and Optimization of Acoustic Positioning System

This paper addresses the problem of assessing and optimizing the acoustic positioning system for underwater target localization with range measurement.We present a new three-dimensional assessment model to evaluate the optimal geometric beacon formation whether meets user requirements.For mathematical tractability,it is assumed that the measurements of the range between the target and beacons are corrupted with white Gaussian noise with variance,which is distance-dependent.Then,the relationship between DOP parameters and positioning accuracy can be derived by adopting dilution of precision(DOP)parameters in the assessment model.In addition,the optimal geometric beacon formation yielding the best performance can be achieved via minimizing the values of geometric dilution of precision(GDOP)in the case where the target position is known and fixed.Next,in order to ensure that the estimated positioning accuracy on the region of interest satisfies the precision required by the user,geometric positioning accuracy(GPA),horizontal positioning accuracy(HPA)and vertical positioning accuracy(VPA)are utilized to assess the optimal geometric beacon formation.Simulation examples are designed to illustrate the exactness of the conclusion.Unlike other work that only uses GDOP to optimize the formation and cannot assess the performance of the specified size,this new three-dimensional assessment model can evaluate the optimal geometric beacon formation for each dimension of any point in three-dimensional space,which can provide guidance to optimize the performance of each specified dimension.

Structural Design and Optimization of Comb-type Electric Bicycle Three-dimensional Parking Garage

With the reduction of urban land, the three-dimensional garage is increasingly built with its advantages of saving land. But the current three-dimensional garage is built for the car. It is hardly stereo parking garage for electric bicycles. This paper designed a hollow tower electric bicycle stereo parking garage with fork comb structure, based on the analysis of the characteristics of electric bicycles and the characteristics of existing three-dimensional garages. A fixed comb is mounted on the garage frame. The movable comb is mounted on the middle lift mechanism of the garage. The access of the vehicle is achieved by the exchange of the comb. The key comb structure was modeled using SolidWorks software and the stress distribution of the structure was analyzed. It was optimized by MATLAB software. The result shows that this structure can improve access efficiency. The quality of the comb structure can be minimized under the constraints of strength requirements.

Design and Realization of Block Level Augmented Reality Three-Dimensional Map

In response to the construction needs of “Real 3D China”, the system structure, functional framework, application direction and product form of block level augmented reality three-dimensional map is designed. Those provide references and ideas for the later large-scale production of augmented reality three-dimensional map. The augmented reality three-dimensional map is produced based on skyline software. Including the map browsing, measurement and analysis and so on, the basic function of three-dimensional map is realized. The special functional module including housing management, pipeline management and so on is developed combining the need of residential quarters development, that expands the application fields of augmented reality three-dimensional map. Those lay the groundwork for the application of augmented reality three-dimensional map. .

Towards complex scenes: A deep learning-based camouflaged people detection method for snapshot multispectral images

Camouflaged people are extremely expert in actively concealing themselves by effectively utilizing cover and the surrounding environment. Despite advancements in optical detection capabilities through imaging systems, including spectral, polarization, and infrared technologies, there is still a lack of effective real-time method for accurately detecting small-size and high-efficient camouflaged people in complex real-world scenes. Here, this study proposes a snapshot multispectral image-based camouflaged detection model, multispectral YOLO(MS-YOLO), which utilizes the SPD-Conv and Sim AM modules to effectively represent targets and suppress background interference by exploiting the spatial-spectral target information. Besides, the study constructs the first real-shot multispectral camouflaged people dataset(MSCPD), which encompasses diverse scenes, target scales, and attitudes. To minimize information redundancy, MS-YOLO selects an optimal subset of 12 bands with strong feature representation and minimal inter-band correlation as input. Through experiments on the MSCPD, MS-YOLO achieves a mean Average Precision of 94.31% and real-time detection at 65 frames per second, which confirms the effectiveness and efficiency of our method in detecting camouflaged people in various typical desert and forest scenes. Our approach offers valuable support to improve the perception capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles in detecting enemy forces and rescuing personnel in battlefield.

Optimized CUDA Implementation to Improve the Performance of Bundle Adjustment Algorithm on GPUs

The 3D reconstruction pipeline uses the Bundle Adjustment algorithm to refine the camera and point parameters. The Bundle Adjustment algorithm is a compute-intensive algorithm, and many researchers have improved its performance by implementing the algorithm on GPUs. In the previous research work, “Improving Accuracy and Computational Burden of Bundle Adjustment Algorithm using GPUs,” the authors demonstrated first the Bundle Adjustment algorithmic performance improvement by reducing the mean square error using an additional radial distorting parameter and explicitly computed analytical derivatives and reducing the computational burden of the Bundle Adjustment algorithm using GPUs. The naïve implementation of the CUDA code, a speedup of 10× for the largest dataset of 13,678 cameras, 4,455,747 points, and 28,975,571 projections was achieved. In this paper, we present the optimization of the Bundle Adjustment algorithm CUDA code on GPUs to achieve higher speedup. We propose a new data memory layout for the parameters in the Bundle Adjustment algorithm, resulting in contiguous memory access. We demonstrate that it improves the memory throughput on the GPUs, thereby improving the overall performance. We also demonstrate an increase in the computational throughput of the algorithm by optimizing the CUDA kernels to utilize the GPU resources effectively. A comparative performance study of explicitly computing an algorithm parameter versus using the Jacobians instead is presented. In the previous work, the Bundle Adjustment algorithm failed to converge for certain datasets due to several block matrices of the cameras in the augmented normal equation, resulting in rank-deficient matrices. In this work, we identify the cameras that cause rank-deficient matrices and preprocess the datasets to ensure the convergence of the BA algorithm. Our optimized CUDA implementation achieves convergence of the Bundle Adjustment algorithm in around 22 seconds for the largest dataset compared to 654 seconds for the sequential implementation, resulting in a speedup of 30×. Our optimized CUDA implementation presented in this paper has achieved a 3× speedup for the largest dataset compared to the previous naïve CUDA implementation.

Three-Dimensional Scene Encryption Algorithm Based on Phase Iteration Algorithm of the Angular-Spectral Domain

In order to increase the capacity of encrypted information and reduce the loss of information transmission, a three-dimensional(3 D) scene encryption algorithm based on the phase iteration of the angular spectrum domain is proposed in this paper. The algorithm, which adopts the layer-oriented method, generates the computer generated hologram by encoding the three-dimensional scene. Then the computer generated hologram is encoded into three pure phase functions by adopting the phase iterative algorithm based on angular spectrum domain,and the encryption process is completed. The three-dimensional scene encryption can improve the capacity of the information,and the three-phase iterative algorithm can guarantee the security of the encryption information. The numerical simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper realized the encryption and decryption of three-dimensional scenes. At the same time, it can ensure the safety of the encrypted information and increase the capacity of the encrypted information.

Three-Dimensional Scenes Restore Using Digital Image

Encryption and decryption method of three-dimensional objects uses holograms computer-generated and suggests encoding stage. Information obtained amplitude and phase of a three-dimensional object using mathematically stage transforms overlap stored on a digital computer. Different three-dimensional images restore and develop the system for the expansion of the three-dimensional scenes and camera movement parameters. This article talks about these kinds of digital image processing algorithms as the reconstruction of three-dimensional model of the scene. In the present state, many such algorithms need to be improved in this paper proposing one of the options to improve the accuracy of such reconstruction.

“City-Scene” Characteristics and Optimization Strategies Research on Three Gorges Reservoir Area of the Post-Three Gorges Era

In the long-term symbiotic evolution process,the town areas along the Yangtze River and its natural and cultural landscapes have presented a sound "city-scene" landscape form. But with the implementation of the Three Gorges project,the town relocation as well as the flooding in the natural and human landscape area,the original harmonious "city-scene" pattern started to collapse and fell into the situation of "fragmentation" and "islanding". The differentiation between city and landscape,uncoordinated scale and fractured urban context become pressing issues that affect the integral form optimization of the town areas. This paper aims at responding to the call of the government about proceeding the construction of the Yangtze River economic belt under the ecological and green strategy and seeking an attuned "cityscene" relationship of the town area. Based on the analysis of the dynamic evolution of the "city-scene" relationship,the paper also pointed out that the urban construction around the reservoir area in the postThree Gorges era was the key stage of "scene-city" integration and symbiosis while the maintenance of scenery pattern,the harmony of space scale and the protection of living culture should be applied as the vital strategies.

Peak shaving operation optimization of high proportion new energypower generation considering wind-solar complementationand source-load coupling

To optimize peaking operation when high proportion new energy accesses to power grid,evaluation indexes are proposed which simultaneously consider wind-solar complementation and source-load coupling.A typical wind-solar power output scene model based on peaking demand is established which has anti-peaking characteristic.This model uses balancing scenes and key scenes with probability distribution based on improved Latin hypercube sampling(LHS)algorithm and scene reduction technology to illustrate the influence of wind-solar on peaking demand.Based on this,a peak shaving operation optimization model of high proportion new energy power generation is established.The various operating indexes after optimization in multi-scene peaking are calculated,and the ability of power grid peaking operation is compared whth that considering wind-solar complementation and source-load coupling.Finally,a case of high proportion new energy verifies the feasibility and validity of the proposed operation strategy.

Aerodynamic optimization of 3D wing based on iSIGHT

A method for combining the CFD software,Fluent,with the iSIGHT design platform is presented to optimize a three-dimensional wing to ameliorate its aerodynamics performance.In the optimization design,two kinds of genetic algorithms,the Neighborhood Cultivation Genetic Algorithm（NCGA）and the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm（NSGAII）,are employed and the Navier-Stoke（N-S）equations are adopted to derive the aerodynamics functions of the 3D wing.The aerodynamic performance of the optimized wing has been significantly improved,which shows that the approach can be extended and employed in other cases.

THE CHARACTERISTIC FINITE ELEMENT ALTERNATING-DIRECTION METHOD AND ANALYSIS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL RESERVOIR SIMULATION

Petroleum science has made remarkable progress in organic geochcmistry and in the research into the theories of petroleum origin, its transport and accumulation. In estimating the oil-gas resources of a basin, the knowledge of its evolutionary history and especially the numerical computation of fluid flow and the history of its changes under heat is vital. The mathematical model can be described as a coupled system of nonlinear partial differentical equations with initial-boundary value problems. This thesis, from actual conditions such as the effect of fluid compressibility and the three-dimensional characteristic of large-scale science-engineering computation, we put forward a kind of characteristic finite element alternating-direction schemes and obtain optimal order estimates in L^2 norm for the error in the approximate assumption.

THE CHARACTERISTIC FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL MOVING BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM

The software for oil-gas transport and accumulation is to describe the history of oil-gas transport and accumulation in basin evolution. It is of great value in rational evaluation of prospecting and exploiting oil-gas resources. The mathematical model can be discribed as a coupled system of nonlinear partial differential equations with moving boundary value problem. For a generic case of the three-demensional bounded region, bi this thesis, the effects of gravitation、buoyancy and capillary pressure are considered, we put forward a kind of characteristic finite difference schemes and make use thick and thin grids to form a complete set, and of calculus of vaviations, the change of variable, the theory of prior estimates and techniques, Optimal order estimates in l^2 norm are derived for the error in approximate assumption, Thus we have completely solved the well-known theoretical problem proposed by J. Douglas, Jr.

基于双层DCT-Mask特征融合算法的堆叠垃圾实例分割

复杂堆叠场景下的垃圾实例分割受到严重遮挡和高密集性特点的影响,具有更大的检测难度。针对该问题,提出了一种结合DCT-Mask和双层特征融合网络思想的实例分割方法,用于高度堆叠场景下的垃圾实例分割。在网络结构层面,首先在数据预处理环节对特征数据进行解耦,并通过双分支特征融合降低堆叠对遮挡物体特征的影响,从而解决复杂堆叠遮挡下的实例分割问题。针对该场景下的密集混淆问题,在候选框分类回归部分融入了级联分类器,并优化了分割网络分支的损失函数。实验采用堆叠垃圾分类实例分割数据集进行实验验证,实验结果表明,该方法的AP_(50)、平均准确率mAP等指标有较大提升,且具有较好的分割效果和一定的可解释性。

基于改进MH算法的室内空间自动布局

为了生成文博展厅、城市阅读空间、商场等具备公共服务职能的空间布局,提出了一种面向室内空间的自动布局方法。该方法首先针对多种布局的表达需求,将布局信息记录在层次化图结构中;再按照图结构填充适当的布局对象作为初始状态;利用能量函数和移动策略,引入改进的MH(Metropolis-Hastings)算法进行优化,生成合适的布局方案。选取多种类型的应用场景进行测试,结果证明了该方法的有效性。根据公共空间设计原则,提出评价指标比较各类方法性能。该方法在布置效率和运算效率方面具有优势,可应用于多种类型的公共空间布局设计。

群体智能优化算法的区域景观规划方法

由于应用传统方法无法因地制宜地进行区域景观规划设计,导致规划后的区域景观适应度较低,因此提出基于群体智能优化算法的区域景观规划方法。采用倾斜摄影测量技术,构建区域景观三维场景,在此基础上,利用群体智能优化算法划分景观建设区域,最后从道路、建筑、水体、绿化设施等方面,得出区域景观的规划结果。将设计的规划方法应用到实际中可以发现,应用所提方法可进行区域景观优化设计,且规划后适宜度综合评分为90.47,优于对比方法,具有更好的规划效果。

基于分布鲁棒模型预测控制的微电网多时间尺度优化调度

源荷多元不确定性给“源荷储”一体化微电网优化调度带来了诸多挑战,但传统方案存在优化模型过于片面极端和时间尺度单一导致调度不合理的问题,无法兼顾可靠性和经济性,并且难以协调不确定性分析方法与不同时间尺度之间的配合关系。文中基于数据驱动的多离散场景分布鲁棒方法,提出一种微电网两阶段分布鲁棒日前优化调度模型,使用列和约束生成算法进行求解。结合改进分布鲁棒优化的不确定方法、多时间尺度调度策略和模型预测控制理论,通过逐级细化调度时间尺度和减小预测周期的长度来提高精度,以最小化发电成本以及调节成本等为目标建立日前-日内多时间尺度滚动优化调度模型,较大程度上抵抗系统不确定性因素的影响。结合算例仿真分析,进一步说明了所提模型能够有效消纳新能源、降低运行成本同时兼顾安全性和经济性。

Constructal design of a rectangular parallel phase change microchannel in a three-dimensional electronic device

Based on constructal theory,a rectangular parallel phase change microchannel model in a three-dimensional electronic device(TDED)is established with R134a as the cooling fluid.Based on the minimization of a complex function(CF)composed of linear weighting sum of maximum temperature difference and pumping power consumption,constructal design of the TDED is conducted first;and then,maximum temperature difference and pumping power consumption are minimized by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II methods.The results reveal that there exist an optimal mass flow rate(0.0012 kg/s)and a quadratic optimal aspect ratio(AR)(0.39)of the microchannel which lead to quadratic minimum CF(0.817).Compared with the original value,the CF after optimization is reduced by 18.34%.Reducing the inlet temperature of cooling fluid and microchannel number appropriately can help to enhance the overall performance of TDED.By using the artificial neural network and genetic algorithms in the toolboxes of Matlab software,the optimal AR gained in the Pareto solution set is located between 0.2–0.45.The smallest deviation index among three discussed strategies is 0.346,and the corresponding optimal AR is 0.413,which is selected as the optimal design strategy of the microchannel in the TDED under multiple requirements.The findings in this study can serve as theoretical guides for thermal designs of electronic devices.

基于单应性扩散约束的二步网格优化视差图像对齐

目前,在带有视差场景的图像对齐中,主要难点在某些无法找到足够匹配特征的区域,这些区域称为匹配特征缺失区域.现有算法往往忽略匹配特征缺失区域的对齐建模,而只将有足够匹配特征区域中的部分单应变换系数(如相似性变换系数)传递给匹配特征缺失区域,或者采用将匹配特征缺失区域转化为有足够匹配特征区域的间接方式,因此对齐效果仍不理想.在客观事实上,位于相同平面的区域应该拥有相同的完整单应变换而非部分变换参数.由此出发,利用单应变换系数扩散的思想设计了一个二步网格优化的图像对齐算法,简称单应扩散变换(Homography diffusion warping,HDW)算法.该方法在第一步网格优化时获得有足够匹配特征区域的单应变换,再基于提出的单应性扩散约束将这些单应变换系数扩散到邻域网格,进行第二步网格优化,在保证优化任务简洁高效的前提下实现单应变换系数的传播与图像对齐.相较于现有的针对视差场景图像对齐算法,所提方法在各项指标上都获得了更好的效果.