Can preoperative planning using IRIS™three-dimensional anatomical virtual models predict operative findings during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy?

Objective To evaluate the predictive validity of IRIS™(Intuitive Surgical®,Sunnyvale,CA,USA)as a planning tool for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy(RAPN)by assessing the degree of overlap with intraoperative execution.Methods Thirty-one patients scheduled for RAPN by four experienced urologists were enrolled in a prospective study.Prior to surgery,urologists reviewed the IRIS™three-dimensional model on an iphone Operating System(iOS)app and completed a questionnaire outlining their surgical plan including surgical approach,and ischemia technique as well as confidence in executing this plan.Postoperatively,questionnaires assessing the procedural approach,clinical utility,efficiency,and effectiveness of IRIS™were completed.The degree of overlap between the preoperative and intraoperative questionnaires and between the planned approach and actual execution of the procedure was analyzed.Questionnaires were answered on a 5-point Likert scale and scores of 4 or greater were considered positive.Results Mean age was 65.1 years with a mean tumor size of 27.7 mm(interquartile range 17.5-44.0 mm).Hilar tumors consisted of 32.3%;48.4%of patients had R.E.N.A.L.nephrometry scores of 7-9.On preoperative questionnaires,the surgeons reported that in 67.7%cases they were confident that they can perform the procedure successfully,and on intraoperative questionnaires,the surgeons reported that in 96.8%cases IRIS™helped achieve good spatial sensation of the anatomy.There was a high degree of overlap between preoperative and intraoperative questionnaires for the surgical approach,interpreting anatomical details and clinical utility.When comparing plans for selective or off-clamp,the preoperative plan was executed in 90.0%of cases intraoperatively.Conclusion A high degree of overlap between the preoperative surgical approach and intraoperative RAPN execution was found using IRIS™.This is the first study to evaluate the predictive accuracy of IRIS™during RAPN by comparing preoperative plan and intraoperative execution.

Three-dimensional visualization and virtual reality simulation role in hepatic surgery:Further research warranted

Artificial intelligence(AI)is the study of algorithms that enable machines to analyze and execute cognitive activities including problem solving,object and word recognition,reduce the inevitable errors to improve the diagnostic accuracy,and decision-making.Hepatobiliary procedures are technically complex and the use of AI in perioperative management can improve patient outcomes as discussed below.Three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction of images obtained via ultrasound,computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging,can help surgeons better visualize the surgical sites with added depth perception.Preoperative 3D planning is associated with lesser operative time and intraoperative complications.Also,a more accurate assessment is noted,which leads to fewer operative complications.Images can be converted into physical models with 3D printing technology,which can be of educational value to students and trainees.3D images can be combined to provide 3D visualization,which is used for preoperative navigation,allowing for more precise localization of tumors and vessels.Nevertheless,AI enables surgeons to provide better,personalized care for each patient.

Design and Realization of Block Level Augmented Reality Three-Dimensional Map

In response to the construction needs of “Real 3D China”, the system structure, functional framework, application direction and product form of block level augmented reality three-dimensional map is designed. Those provide references and ideas for the later large-scale production of augmented reality three-dimensional map. The augmented reality three-dimensional map is produced based on skyline software. Including the map browsing, measurement and analysis and so on, the basic function of three-dimensional map is realized. The special functional module including housing management, pipeline management and so on is developed combining the need of residential quarters development, that expands the application fields of augmented reality three-dimensional map. Those lay the groundwork for the application of augmented reality three-dimensional map. .

Research on the Three-dimensional Modeling and Optimization of a Virtual Tower Crane Based on 3DS Max, Solidworks and EON Professional

Three-dimensional modeling of virtual hoisting machinery is the critical works to structure the system of virtual construction, and the foundation to realize intelligent and interactive virtual hoisting. Aimed at enhancing the requests of image quality and stability of the virtual construction scene, taking a tower crane for example. We studied the technology of three-dimensional modeling and optimization of a virtual tower crane, and a method named two-stage model optimization was put forward. This depended on the modeling stage using Solidworks and 3DS Max and the performance optimization stage in EON. The practice of software development indicates that the proposed methods of three-dimensional modeling and optimization could satisfy the performance request of virtual construction system and be popularized to other virtual system.

Three-Dimensional Scene Encryption Algorithm Based on Phase Iteration Algorithm of the Angular-Spectral Domain

In order to increase the capacity of encrypted information and reduce the loss of information transmission, a three-dimensional(3 D) scene encryption algorithm based on the phase iteration of the angular spectrum domain is proposed in this paper. The algorithm, which adopts the layer-oriented method, generates the computer generated hologram by encoding the three-dimensional scene. Then the computer generated hologram is encoded into three pure phase functions by adopting the phase iterative algorithm based on angular spectrum domain,and the encryption process is completed. The three-dimensional scene encryption can improve the capacity of the information,and the three-phase iterative algorithm can guarantee the security of the encryption information. The numerical simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper realized the encryption and decryption of three-dimensional scenes. At the same time, it can ensure the safety of the encrypted information and increase the capacity of the encrypted information.

Three-dimensional suboptimal guidance law for fly-over and shoot-down smart ammunition via virtual target

An optimal burst height is required for the fly-over and shoot-down smart ammunition with an EFP warhead at the instant of explosion which brings a special requirement to the miss distance of the terminal guidance law. In this paper, a guidance law based on the virtual target scheme is proposed. First, the practical pursuit-evasion issue between the ammunition and the target with specific miss distance is transformed into a virtuai pursuit-evasion problem with zero miss distance. Secondly, a complete three-dimensional pursuit-evasion kinematics model is established without any simplifications. And then, a suboptimal guidance law is designed based on the θ-D method which has constraints of the elevation and azimuth angular velocity of the virtual line of sight （LOS）. Finally, in order to verify the performance of the proposed guidance law, three test cases are conducted. Numericai results show that under the proposed terminal guidance law, the smart ammunition not only can fly above the target with an optimal burst height but also have a smaller normal acceleration on the terminal trajectory.

Three-Dimensional Scenes Restore Using Digital Image

Encryption and decryption method of three-dimensional objects uses holograms computer-generated and suggests encoding stage. Information obtained amplitude and phase of a three-dimensional object using mathematically stage transforms overlap stored on a digital computer. Different three-dimensional images restore and develop the system for the expansion of the three-dimensional scenes and camera movement parameters. This article talks about these kinds of digital image processing algorithms as the reconstruction of three-dimensional model of the scene. In the present state, many such algorithms need to be improved in this paper proposing one of the options to improve the accuracy of such reconstruction.

Application and Analysis of Computer Virtual Simulation Technology in Three-dimensional Animation Production

With the continuous promotion of computer technology, the application system of virtual simulation technology has been further optimized and improved, and has been widely used in various fields of social development, such as urban construction, interior design, industrial simulation and tourism teaching. China's three-dimensional animation production started relatively late, but has achieved good results with the support of related advanced technology in the process of development. Computer virtual simulation technology is an important technical support in the production of three-dimensional animation. In this paper, firstly, the related content of computer virtual simulation technology was introduced. Then, the specific application of this technology in the production of three-dimensional animation was further elaborated, so as to provide some reference for the improvement of the production effect of three-dimensional animation in the future.

Three-Dimensional Instability of Flow Around Two Circular Cylinders in Tandem Arrangement

The spatial evolution of vortices and transition to three-dimensionality in the wake of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement have been numerically studied. An improved virtual body method developed from the virtual boundary method is used here. A Reynolds number range between 220 and 270 has been considered, and the spacing between two cylinders is selected as L/D=3 and L/D=3.5. When L/D=3, the secondary vortices of Mode-A are seen to appear at Re=240 and persist over the range of the Reynolds number of 240～270. When L/D=3.5, the similar critical Reynolds number has been found at Re=250. No obvious discontinuity has been found in the Strouhal-Reynolds number relationship, and this is different from three-dimensional flow around a single cylinder at the critical Reynolds number. The spanwise wavelength is about four times the diameter of the cylinder, and it is the characteristic wavelength for Mode-A instability. This paper can give some foremost insight into the three-dimensional instability of flow by complicated geometrical configuration.

Application of Three-Dimensional Visualization Technology in Project Management of Offshore Platform Engineering Construction

Three-dimensional visualization technology converts engineering design drawings and data into graphics or images, realizes virtual reality perception of simulated users in future construction scene, enhances the interaction between project management and technical personnel and engineering construction achievement, and provides intuitive, flexible and strong realistic experience for project management. It can effectively improve the level of project communication, and assist the needs of project construction planning management, training, exhibition, etc. As a tool to help improve project management skills, it has good application effect and prospects.

Construction of Virtual Turning Scene Based on Local Ray Tracing Algorithm

According to the features of the turning simulation, a simplified Whitted lighti ng model is proposed based on the analysis of Phong and other local illumination model. Moreover, in order to obtain the natural lighting effects, local ray tra cing algorithm is given to calculate the light intensity of every position durin g the course of the simulation. This method can calculate the refresh area befor e calculating the intersection line, simulate the machining environment accurate ly and reduce the calculating time. Finally, an example of the virtual cutting s cene is shown to demonstrate the effects of the global illumination model. If th e CUP is 1.3 G and the internal memory is 128 M, the refreshing time of virtual turning scene can be reduced by nine times.This study plays an important role in the enrichment of the virtual manufacturing theory and the promotion of the dev elopment of the advanced manufacturing technology.

A modeling method for virtual scene based on multi-view image sequence

Through the analysis and comparison of shortcomings and advantages of existing technologies on object modeling in 3D applications,we propose a new modeling method for virtual scene based on multi-view image sequence to model irregular objects efficiently in 3D application.In 3D scene,this method can get better visual effect by tracking the viewer's real-time perspective position and projecting the photos from different perspectives dynamically.The philosophy of design,the steps of development and some other relevant topics are discussed in details,and the validity of the algorithm is analyzed.The results demonstrate that this method represents more superiority on simulating irregular objects by applying it to the modeling of virtual museum.

虚拟现实场景下的精准化采摘机器人作业研究

利用虚拟现实场景仿真技术,对葡萄采摘机器人的精准作业控制过程进行分析,通过构建虚拟现实环境下葡萄采摘机器人作业场景模型,以机器人采摘运动柔顺、无碰撞和不损伤采摘对象为目标,对采摘作业过程的夹紧、托举以及剪切动作进行虚拟仿真。虚拟现实场景下20次采摘动作仿真结果中,有3次采摘发生碰撞、17次采摘成功。这表明,在设计阶段利用虚拟现实场景进行精准化作业仿真和控制算法测试,能够有效缩短采摘机器人研制过程中的调试和优化时间。

基于激光雷达点云数据的虚拟室内场景搭建研究

通过搭建虚拟室内场景实现室内视景重构,提出基于激光雷达点云数据的虚拟室内场景搭建技术,采用三维光学面扫描设备采集激光雷达点云数据,采用融合卡尔曼滤波方法实现对虚拟室内场景激光雷达点云数据滤波处理,减少点云数据干扰,提取虚拟室内场景的空间分布域特征量,获取虚拟室内场景中被测量物体的全局标志点,通过逆向设计和三维边界轮廓特征点重构的方法实现对虚拟室内场景散乱点云重组和稀疏性特征点拟合,在拟合曲面采用纹理渲染方法实现对虚拟室内场景重构。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行虚拟室内场景搭建的激光雷达点云数据重建能力较好,保留原始点云的特征信息较为饱满,能满足较好地重建几何精度场合,重建精度达到了0.98,并且重建时间仅为4.5 h。

基于KANZI Studio的汽车虚拟仪表三维场景重构技术研究与实现

随着智能座舱技术的快速发展,针对现有汽车仪表场景重构的显示信息不全和效果不达标的问题,二维场景重构技术已无法满足虚拟仪表发展需要。该文利用KANZI Studio汽车HMI专用开发工具,提出了一种实现虚拟仪表三维场景重构效果的方法,并提出效果优化方案。经测试表明,该方法可以解决目前二维场景重构技术的不足,将三维场景重构研究引入到仪表显示端;另将开发周期减少至传统开发工具的50%,有效地降低了三维场景重构的开发难度,能够在保证30帧流畅运行的条件下满足功能要求,最终通过实车验证并在某量产车型上得到应用。

“虚拟IP+场景力”:知音文化传播和武汉城市发展策略——基于四川眉山数字代言人“苏小妹”的启示

数字技术的发展推动了城市信息化应用水平的提高,智慧城市建设应运而生,纷纷推出独具地方特色的数字代言人进行城市宣传,为城市的智慧化构建助力。在民国时期就被誉为“东方芝加哥”的武汉,其地理、经济、政治、文化水平都处于全国前列,在智慧化城市发展的浪潮中,需要积极结合自身情况探索出独树一帜的智慧城市发展路径。武汉市可依托源远流长的知音文化,将深厚的文化内涵融入数字形象代言人的打造中,通过沉浸式场景提升市民文化体验,形成“城市文化+虚拟IP+场景力”的城市文化空间,充分借助新技术、新载体,传播武汉传统文化,促进武汉城市发展。

中国现代丝绸文化记忆的数字化设计研究(1949—1988年)

1949—1988年的中国现代丝绸文化是中国社会从新民主主义过渡到社会主义探索时期,再到改革开放的历史进程中,在文化和经济建设方面的一个缩影。这一时期的丝绸文化虽由文献、档案、实物等媒介保存着历史情境和社会框架下重建文化记忆的种种特质,却也面临着记忆个体淡出、记忆媒介分散、记忆传播低效等问题。为了活化中国现代丝绸文化记忆,本文以文化记忆理论为指导,论述了中国现代丝绸文化记忆现状,从记忆内涵、记忆媒介的维度重新梳理其内在结构,并结合信息可视化设计、APP交互设计、3D虚拟场景设计等数字化设计方法,探讨了中国现代丝绸文化复述、复现与复活的新思路及新路径。

船舶避碰虚拟测试场景生成方法

结合虚拟测试验证要点,梳理测试场景构成要素,实现场景要素跨域融合,构建测试船、目标船和环境间的博弈与对抗行为特征,针对场景表示的3种抽样层次,提出面向虚拟测试的场景生成方法。基于场景优化生成方法,在场景组合生成方法的基础上离线生成测试场景,主要针对参数空间的边缘场景,让智能算法参与场景生成过程,其场景覆盖度更低,通过测试高风险的边界场景,以测试特定系统性能效果。以单船避碰为例,在虚拟仿真测试平台进行仿真验证,结果表明优化生成后的场景文件能够有效降低场景生成数量,显著提升生成效率,且在场景交互博弈、覆盖率和可重复测试等方面具有良好性能。

基于三维场景的铁路车站列车运行联锁控制仿真研究

联锁控制对铁路车站的调度指挥和列车的有序安全运行起着非常关键的作用。为保证铁路车站联锁控制及列车运行演练的真实性和安全性,提出铁路车站联锁控制及列车运行三维虚拟仿真的总体框架。从铁路车站联锁功能入手,设计车站联锁控制的数据结构、功能逻辑和联锁控制仿真算法,实现了铁路车站联锁的逻辑控制及人机交互仿真。采用面向对象的层次分级法,设计铁路车站设备三维模型的层次结构。通过创建预制体并修改其组件的方式,构建铁路车站列车运行三维虚拟场景模型。结合铁路线路逻辑模型,提出了面向联锁控制的列车运行虚拟寻路算法和列车运动驱动算法,利用该算法进行列车各车辆空间位置和姿态的连续计算,实现了在三维场景下铁路列车的启动,加减速运动,定点停车、换道等功能。在此基础上,在Unity引擎环境下开发了基于三维场景的铁路车站列车运行联锁控制虚拟仿真系统,该系统支持铁路车站联锁控制人机交互仿真,并可在铁路车站三维场景中的不同视角下,以可视化方式观察信号设备状态变化以及列车的动态运行情况。通过给定的站内列车调度计划表,利用所开发的系统进行了铁路车站联锁控制及列车运行三维仿真。仿真实例表明,所采用的方法及技术方案在车站联锁的仿真演练与培训学习方面具有良好的应用前景和实际意义。

虚拟情景互动训练在脑出血术后恢复期患者中的康复效果

目的探究虚拟情景互动训练在脑出血术后恢复期患者中的康复效果,总结康复治疗经验。方法本研究为前瞻性随机对照试验,选取2019-01—2022-01新疆医科大学第一附属医院诊治的194例脑出血术后恢复期患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各97例。对照组给予常规康复治疗,观察组给予常规康复治疗+虚拟情景互动训练,2组均干预6个月,分别于干预前、干预6个月时评估2组患者运动功能和日常生活活动能力、平衡功能和事件相关电位。结果干预6个月时观察组FMA评分[(36.45±6.28)分]和MBI评分[(53.24±7.95)分]较对照组[(30.23±4.61)分、(48.21±6.54)分]高(分别为t=7.756、4.745,P<0.05),BBS评分[(42.97±5.27)分]、DFI评分[(62.09±7.32)分]较对照组[(35.48±4.69)分、(56.82±6.10)分]高,SFI评分[(37.52±3.9)分]较对照组[(41.07±4.42)分]低(分别为t=10.324、5.864、5.381,P<0.05)。干预6个月时观察组P300潜伏期[(351.28±20.93)ms]和P300波幅[7.00(7.00,8.00)μV]比对照组[(387.32±26.7)ms、6.00(5.00,7.00)μV]低(t=10.331,P<0.05;Z=5.565,P<0.05)。结论虚拟情景互动训练可促进脑出血术后恢复期患者运动功能恢复,且可提高日常生活能力,改善平衡功能,效果确切。