A Study of DTC-Power Electronic Cascade Fed by Photovoltaic Cell-Three-Level NPC Inverter

This paper proposes a high performance three-level inverter Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) structure for photovoltaic system. The proposed configuration which can boost the low voltage of photovoltaic (PV) array, can also convert the photovoltaic DC power into high quality AC power. Attention has been paid to the problem of neutral point potential variation. In this way, a Direct Torque Control (DTC) technique has been applied and the estimated value of the Neutral Point Potential (NPP) is used, which is calculated by motor currents. This control strategy uses the redundancy presented by the inverter for selecting appropriate switching state through a switching table to achieve the control of NPP. This study shows the effect of the stability problem of the DC voltages and good static and dynamic performances were obtained in simulation of the proposed cascade “photovoltaic cell-three-level NPC VSI-induction motor”.

Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis of a Three-phase Three-level NPC Inverter Connected to the Grid

The interaction between grid-connected inverters and the grid may cause stability issues,and compromise the reliable operation of the inverters.This study investigates the stability of a three-level neutral point clamped(NPC)inverter connected to the grid using impedance-based methods.Because the impedance model of a three-phase three-level NPC inverter has not yet been reported,this study fills the literature gap by analyzing the influence of three-level DC-side neutral point control on the impedance characteristics.By fully considering the DC bus dynamics and DC voltage control loop,and the current loop and phase-locked loop(PLL),the admittance model of a three-phase three-level NPC inverter is established and verified by simulation.Additionally,in the stability analysis of a threelevel NPC inverter grid-connected system,the frequency coupling introduced by the PLL and DC bus dynamics is included with the help of an established admittance model.The stability of the grid-connected system under different grid short circuit ratios(SCR)and operating power levels is analyzed according to the Nyquist stability criterion.The experimental results revealed that the established impedance model of the three-phase three-level NPC inverter can properly represent the stability of this system.

Unified power quality conditioner based on a three-level NPC inverter using fuzzy control techniques for all voltage disturbances compensation

This paper presents a novel and efficient control scheme for unified power quality conditioner （UPQC） based on three-level neutral point clamped （NPC） inverter using fuzzy logic techniques. The proposed UPQC is capable of mitigating source current harmonics and compensate all voltage disturbances such as voltage sags, swells, unbalances and harmonics. It is designed by the integration of series and shunt active filters （AFs） sharing a common DC bus capacitor. The DC voltage is maintained constant using proportional integral voltage controller. The synchronous reference frame （SRF） theory is used to get the reference signals for shunt active power filters （APFs） and the power reactive theory （p-q theory） for series APFs. The shunt and series APF reference signals derived from the control algorithm and sensed signals are injected in two controllers to generate switching signals. To improve the UPQC capability, fuzzy logic techniques are introduced to control the series APF. The performances of the proposed UPQC system are evaluated in terms of power factor correction, mitigation of voltage or current harmonics and all other voltage disturbances compensation using Matlab-Simulink software and SimPowerSystem toolbox. The simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed UPQC at the common connection point of the nonlinear load to improve the power energy quality.

Direct torque control of doubly fed induction motor using three-level NPC inverter

This article presents the direct torque control (DTC) strategy for the doubly fed induction motor (DFIM) connected to two three-level voltage source inverters (3LVSIs) with neutral point clamped (NPC) structure. This control method allows to reduce the torque and flux ripples as well as to optimize the total harmonic distortion (THD) of motor currents. The use of 3LVSI increases the number of generated voltage, which allows improving the quality of its waveform and thus improves the DTC strategy. The system modeling and control are implemented in Matlab/Simulink environment. The analysis of simulation results shows the better performances of this control, especially in terms of torque and flux behavior, compared to conventional DTC.

A neutral point potential drift control method for NPC three-level inverter

The output current harmonic distortion of a three-level inverter is less than the traditional twolevel inverter.The voltage stress of the semiconductor switch is low.A neutral point potential drift control method is proposed to solve the problem of the neutral point potential drift of the three-level inverter.The interaction mechanism between the neutral point potential and the space voltage vector is presented.The small vector output by the inverter is found to be the root cause of the midpoint potential drift.It is found that the fluctuation of the midpoint potential could be suppressed by increasing the capacitance value of the inverter bus voltage stabilizing capacitor.Furthermore,it inhibits the fluctuation of the midpoint potential.The experimental results verify the efficiency and precision of the proposed method.

Design and Implementation of a Three-Phase Active T-Type NPC Inverter for Low-Voltage Microgrids

This paper presents the design and implementation of a 3 kVA three-phase active T-type neutral-point clamped (NPC) inverter with GaN power devices for low-voltage microgrids. The designed inverter is used in a battery-based energy system (BESS) for power conversion optimization in applications to low-voltage microgrids. A modular design method has been developed for the design and implementation of the AT-NPC inverter. Experimental verification has been carried out based on a 3-kW three-phase T-Type NPC grid-connected inverter. FPGA based digital control technique has been developed for the current control of the three-level three-phase grid inverter. A maximum efficiency of 98.49% has been achieved within a load range from 50% to 75%.

Research of Wavelet Modulation for Single-Phase Three-Level Inverter

The single-phase three-level voltage source inverter based on wavelet modulation(WM) is proposed.The WM technique is based on constructing a nondyadic-type multi-resolution analysis(MRA),which supports sampling continuous-time sinusoidal signals in a nonuniform recurrent manner,and then reconstructing it by using inverter switching actions. In order to further improve the output voltage waveform and reduce harmonic distortion,the wavelet modulation is used to three-level inverter. The high magnitude of fundamental component and significantly reduced harmonic contents of the inverter output voltage can be achieved by using WM in the single-phase three-level voltage source inverter. Furthermore,the WM algorithm is implemented by using only one element government(EV) in DSP. The simulated and experimental results prove the accuracy and feasibility of the WM scheme for single-phase three-level voltage source inverter.

A Modified Neutral-point Voltage Control Strategy for Three-level Inverters Based on Decomposition of Space Vector Diagram

Capacitor voltage imbalance is a significant problem for three-level inverters.Due to the mid-point modulation of these inverter topologies,the neutral point potential moves up or down depending on the neutral point current direction creating imbalanced voltages among the two capacitors.This imbalanced capacitor voltage causes imbalanced voltage stress among the semiconductor devices and causes increase output voltage and current harmonics.This paper introduces a modified voltage balancing strategy using two-level space vector modulation.By decomposing the three-level space vector diagram into two-level space vector diagram and redistributing the dwell times of the two-level zero space vectors,the modified voltage balancing method ensures minimal NP voltage ripple.Compared to the commonly used NP voltage control method(using 3L SVM[9]),the proposed modified NP voltage control method offers a slightly higher neutral-point voltage ripple and output voltage harmonics but,it has much lower switching loss,code size and execution time.

基于SVPWM补偿优化的三电平NPC并网逆变器容错控制

为保证并网系统中三电平中点箝位(neutral point clamped,NPC)型并网逆变器单相桥臂短路或断路故障后持续运行,提出一种基于空间矢量脉宽调制(space vector pulse width modulation,SVPWM)的优化补偿型低共模电压容错控制策略。首先,通过分析故障后八开关三相逆变器(eight switch three phase inverters,ESTPI)拓扑开关状态对应的共模电压大小,确定参考电压矢量合成规则;然后,通过一个基波周期内中点电流情况分析中点电位波动机理,进而对空间矢量合成进行调节补偿;最后,设计低通滤波器和滞环控制器进一步对补偿进行优化调整,保证并网电流质量的同时有效抑制了直流母线中点电位偏移。仿真结果表明,该容错控制策略能够实现三电平NPC并网逆变器单相桥臂故障后并网系统的稳定可靠运行,每个基波周期有三分之一时间的共模电压得到改善,优化补偿后的并网电流质量显著提高,且在并网电流突变时具备良好的控制特性。

Ride through Strategy for a Three-Level Dual Z-Source Inverter Using TRIAC

A new ride through strategy is introduced in a three-level dual Z-source inverter, for isolation under semiconductor switching failure condition. Here the output will have no significant decrease in the amplitude and quality. Instead of diodes, the triacs are added to the inverter source ends, as it can perform a bidirectional power transfer also it can operate well in both low and high voltage operating conditions. The faulted part can be isolated by simply altering the firing pulses for turning on/off the triacs using the carrier based SPWM technique and resulting in a boosting output with zero common mode voltage. Consequently, it forms a common floating point or null point with a zero common mode voltage. It is experimentally verified by using MATLAB, and digital oscilloscope.

Three-level inverter configuration with common mode voltage elimination for induction motor drive (To continue)

The multiplicity of vector combinations for vectors of combined three-level inverters plays an important role, when deciding on the modulation scheme, to obtain minimum switching per inverter vector change, as described in the next Section. This is not possible with reduced common-mode three-level inverter structure, obtained with a five-level cascaded H-bridge configuration, as the space vectors locations do not exhibit multiplicity. Moreover, the proposed configuration requires only two power supplies, whereas the scheme with the five-level H-bridge configuration requires six isolated power supplies.

Three-level inverter configuration with common mode voltage elimination for induction motor drive

The multiplicity of vector combinations for vectors of combined three-level inverters plays an important role, when deciding on the modulation scheme, to obtain minimum switching per inverter vector change, as described in the next Section. This is not possible with reduced common-mode three-level inverter structure, obtained with a five-level cascaded H-bridge configuration, as the space vectors locations do not exhibit multiplicity. Moreover, the proposed configuration requires only two power supplies, whereas the scheme with the five-level H-bridge configuration requires six isolated power supplies.

基于矩形区域分类的NPC型H桥级联五电平逆变器简化模型预测电压控制

为进一步提高中点电压钳制(neutral point clamped,NPC)H桥级联五电平逆变器的动态响应、降低控制器计算负担的同时确保装置低损耗运行,文中在电压矢量矩形区域分类的基础上,提出一种以满足动态响应和降低开关损耗为目标的两级优化模型预测电压控制策略。首先根据逆变器数学模型和期望电流进行目标电压矢量计算、修正,接着基于矩形区域分类对目标电压矢量进行定位;并以定位后的候选矢量为基础,设计了两级优化目标函数以输出满足要求的最优矢量。仿真和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性,与空间矢量脉宽调制以及传统模型预测电流、电压控制策略相比,该文所研究的两级优化模型预测电压控制策略,在确保逆变器动态响应的前提下既能降低控制器计算负担,还能有效减少器件开关损耗。

基于模型预测的孤岛微电网NPC逆变器故障穿越控制方法研究

随着新能源和微电网的高速发展,孤岛状态下逆变器的故障穿越能力显得尤为重要。针对现有控制方法下孤岛中点钳位(neutral point clamped,NPC)逆变器故障穿越能力弱的问题,提出基于模型预测控制的孤岛微电网NPC逆变器故障穿越控制方法。通过比较负载电压与参考电压实现故障高速诊断;通过提高故障相参考电流幅值提升故障相电流;通过划定计算扇区、消除冗余计算减少计算量和避免权重系数设计;为保证电能质量以及减小数据测量和算法计算产生的延时,采用两步预测方法对延时进行补偿。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建三相LCL孤岛NPC逆变器仿真模型,仿真结果表明,该控制方法在孤岛微电网正常运行时能够将三相电流THD均值控制在2%以内,发生故障时,对故障相电流THD值控制在4%以内,对非故障相电流THD值控制在1.5%以内,能够有效提升孤岛NPC逆变器的故障穿越能力。

NPC/H桥逆变器调制策略及其中点电位控制

以中点钳位型H(neutral point clamped H,NPC/H)桥逆变器为对象,研究该拓扑调制策略中存在的算法繁琐、直流侧电容电压波动问题。在分析了NPC/H桥五电平逆变器主电路工作原理的基础上,为简化空间矢量脉宽调制(spacevector pulsewidthmodulation,SVPWM)算法和抑制低开关频率下逆变器输出畸变,设计了一种基于g-h坐标系的三段式SVPWM算法。该算法开关状态选择灵活,具有开关损耗低、谐波性能好的特点。基于SVPWM算法,分析直流侧电容电压波动原因,根据电流方向和电容电压差,合理选择左、右桥臂的开关状态,平衡电容中点电位。搭建Simulink仿真模型,对比不同开关频率和不同调制度下逆变器输出性能,验证了三段式开关序列在低开关频率工况下的明显优势。基于以数字信号处理器和现场可编程门阵列(digital singnal processor and field-programmable gate array,DSP&FPGA)为控制器的NPC/H桥五电平逆变器实验平台,验证了三段式SVPWM策略和中点电位控制方法的有效性。

低调制比时NPC三电平逆变器调制方法的研究

为解决NPC三电平逆变器传统SVPWM调制方法在低调制比时输出电流谐波大的问题,提出基于60°坐标系下改进的一种空间电压基本矢量排序方式。该方法在第1、2小扇区采用零矢量作为首发矢量,降低相电流波形畸变的同时提高对中性点电压的平衡控制能力。最后通过搭建Simulink仿真模型验证该方法的有效性。

NPC三电平并网逆变器共模电流抑制技术研究

共模电流抑制是非隔离型光伏并网逆变器的一个关键技术问题。首先基于考虑所有寄生参数的非隔离型单相并网逆变器高频共模等效模型归纳出两种抑制漏电流的途径,并将其应用到二极管钳位(neutral point clamped,NPC)三电平并网逆变器中得出仅通过正弦脉宽调制(sine pulse width modulation,SPWM)策略抑制共模电压不可行和通过电路元件参数匹配抑制共模电压的3种可能方案。针对3种可能的方案分析了它们的成立条件和现实可行性,并通过相应的实验验证结论的可靠性。其中,提出的通过补偿电容来弥补寄生参数差异的措施可以进一步增强NPC三电平并网逆变器漏电流抑制性能,是一种简单、可靠、有效的实用技术。

基于独立量分析的NPC光伏逆变器故障诊断

功率开关器件是逆变器的核心部件,功率开关器件的故障诊断对逆变器的可靠运行意义重大,而功率开关器件故障特征提取技术是实现其故障诊断的技术基础。分析三电平逆变器中常见的功率开关器件开路故障,将故障类型分成典型故障与非典型故障两大类。对于非典型故障应用基于独立量分析的稀疏编码算法对逆变器输出相电压信号进行故障特征提取,并采用BP神经网络的分类器对非典型故障进行诊断。通过仿真验证其可行性,故障诊断准确率达到95%,并通过与小波分析及主元分析的特征提取算法的对比试验,说明独立量分析算法的在逆变器开关器件开路故障特征提取应用的合理性和优越性。

NPC三电平逆变器容错拓扑及其控制研究

研究了二极管中点钳位(Neutral point clamped,NPC)三电平逆变器的容错拓扑及其控制问题,以保证NPC逆变器在发生器件故障时,仍然能够继续工作。在基本的NPC逆变器中增加一个不对称桥臂,并将其中点用双向可控开关连接到每相负载。为消除输出相电压的低次谐波含量,该桥臂采用SPWM控制方法代替传统的方波控制方法。当检测到NPC逆变器某相器件出现故障时,控制双向可控开关将故障相的负载连接到新加入的不对称桥臂中点。与以前文献提出的容错拓扑相比,在获得相同效果的情况下,提出的拓扑具有使用器件及其驱动电路数量少、电路成本低等优势。仿真和实验结果表明,所提出的NPC逆变器容错拓扑能够在容错控制后保持三相平衡工作,同时不降低原电路的输出功率,电路的可靠性得到很大提高。