Robust design of natural laminar flow supercritical airfoil by multi-objective evolution method

Abstract A transonic, high Reynolds number natural laminar flow airfoil is designed and studied. The γ-θ transition model is combined with the shear stress transport （SST） k-w turbulence model to predict the transition region for a laminar-turbulent boundary layer. The non-uniform free-form deformation （NFFD） method based on the non-uniform rational B-spline （NURBS） basis function is introduced to the airfoil parameterization. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II （NSGA-II） is used as the search algo- rithm, and the surrogate model based on the Kriging models is introduced to improve the efficiency of the optimization system. The optimization system is set up based on the above technologies, and the robust design about the uncertainty of the Mach number is carried out for NASA0412 airfoil. The optimized airfoil is analyzed and compared with the original airfoil. The results show that natural laminar flow can be achieved on a supercritical airfoil to improve the aerodynamic characteristic of airfoils.

地球三级层流隆陷构造系统的关联机理

本文针对板块构造学说不能合理解释的一些重大科学问题,采用系统科学和系统哲学的分析方法,研究开放复杂地球系统及其子系统的时空、物质和能量规律。作者高度综合了超洋陆、洋陆和大陆盆山系统几何学、运动学、流变学和演化史的基本特征,初步阐明了地球内部三个软流层四维非均匀层流及其多级垂平转换形成超洋陆、洋陆和盆山的统一动力学机制,强调热动力引起岩浆活动、固态流变是地球构造活动的主因,揭示了地球各子系统不同热状态下的物质运动规律,提出了南半球现代特提斯、未来超大洋-超大陆格局、西太平洋存在中、新特提斯及其相关古陆、北美西部裂陷成洋、地球三级非均匀层流导致地球磁场动态叠加和磁极移动、地热能取代碳能带动新产业革命等十大科学猜想。上述研究成果为创立全新地学理论奠定了基础,并为人类改善地球生态环境提供了一个新的思路。