Model-Based Degree Estimation of Unbalance and Misalignment in Flexible Coupling-rotor System

The condition of rotor system must be assessed in order to develop condition-based maintenance for rotating machinery. It is determined by multiple variables such as unbalance degree, misalignment degree, the amount of bending deformation of the shaft, occurrence of shaft crack of rotor system and so on. The estimation of the degrees of unbalance and misalignment in flexible coupling-rotor system is discussed. The model-based approach is employed to solve this problem. The models of the equivalent external loads for unbalance and misalignment are derived and analyzed. Then, the degrees of unbalance and misalignment are estimated by analyzing the components of the equivalent external loads of which the frequencies are equal to the 1 and 2 times running frequency respectively. The equivalent external loads are calculated according to the dynamic equation of the original rotor system and the differences between the dynamical responses in normal case and the vibrations when the degree of unbalance or misalignment or both changes. The denoise method based on bandpass filter is used to decrease the effect of noise on the estimation accuracy. The numerical examples are given to show that the proposed approach can estimate the degrees of unbalance and misalignment of the flexible coupling-rotor system accurately.

Three-Phase Unbalance Prediction of Electric Power Based on Hierarchical Temporal Memory

The difference in electricity and power usage time leads to an unbalanced current among the three phases in the power grid.The three-phase unbalanced is closely related to power planning and load distribution.When the unbalance occurs,the safe operation of the electrical equipment will be seriously jeopardized.This paper proposes a Hierarchical Temporal Memory(HTM)-based three-phase unbalance prediction model consisted by the encoder for binary coding,the spatial pooler for frequency pattern learning,the temporal pooler for pattern sequence learning,and the sparse distributed representations classifier for unbalance prediction.Following the feasibility of spatial-temporal streaming data analysis,we adopted this brain-liked neural network to a real-time prediction for power load.We applied the model in five cities(Tangshan,Langfang,Qinhuangdao,Chengde,Zhangjiakou)of north China.We experimented with the proposed model and Long Short-term Memory(LSTM)model and analyzed the predict results and real currents.The results show that the predictions conform to the reality;compared to LSTM,the HTM-based prediction model shows enhanced accuracy and stability.The prediction model could serve for the overload warning and the load planning to provide high-quality power grid operation.

Research of Three-Phase Unbalanced Treatment in Low-Voltage Distribution Network Based on New Commutation Switch

Low-voltage distribution systems in our country are mostly used in agricultural loads and household loads. The value and using time of these kinds of loads are uncontrollable, which lead to the three-phase imbalance in low-voltage distribution system, and seriously affect the quality of power supply. A new type of the commutation system and an improved quantum genetic algorithm (IQGA) are proposed in the paper. At last, the rationality and the efficiency of the method are verified by a practical example.

Three-Phase Optimal Power Flow for Study of PV Plant Distributed Impact on Distribution Systems

This paper presents a TOPF （three-phase optimal power flow） model that represents photovoltaic systems. The PV plant is modeled in the TOPF as active and reactive power source. Reactive power can be generated or absorbed using the available capacity and the adjustable power factor of the inverter. The reduction of unbalance voltage and losses in the distribution systems is obtained by actions of reactive power control of the inverter. The TOPF is formulated by current balance equations and the PV systems are modeled via an equivalent circuit. The primal-dual interior point method is used to obtain the optimal operating points for the systems for different scenarios of solar irradiance and temperature, thus providing a detailed view of the impact of photovoltaic distributed generation.

基于Relief算法的不平衡数据分类分级算法仿真

不平衡数据的分类分级是保证大数据技术高效使用过程中不可缺少的环节,但分类分级过程易受数据属性、冗余性、不均衡性等问题的干扰。为解决上述问题,提出不平衡数据朴素贝叶斯分类分级算法。采用合成少数类过采样技术降低数据的不平衡度,通过距离相关系数与最大信息系数完成不平衡数据的特征选择与筛选,采用Relief算法对筛选的特征做权重分配,并输入到朴素贝叶斯模型中实现分类,再结合动态阈值算法完成数据的分级。实验结果表明,所提算法的运行时间短、分类精度高,能够有效提升数据处理效果。

Optimal Planning of Hybrid AC/DC Low-voltage Distribution Networks Considering DC Conversion of Three-phase Four-wire Low-voltage AC Systems

The increasing integration of distributed household photovoltaics(PVs)and electric vehicles(EVs)may further ag gravate voltage violations and unbalance of low-voltage distribu tion networks(LVDNs).DC distribution networks can increase the accommodation of PVs and EVs and mitigate mutilple pow er quality problems by the flexible power regulation capability of voltage source converters.This paper proposes schemes to es tablish hybrid AC/DC LVDNs considering the conversion of the existing three-phase four-wire low-voltage AC systems to DC op eration.The characteristics and DC conversion constraints of typical LVDNs are analyzed.In addition,converter configura tions for typical LVDNs are proposed based on the three-phase four-wire characteristics and quantitative analysis of various DC configurations.Moreover,an optimal planning method of hybrid AC/DC LVDNs is proposed,which is modeled as a bi-level programming model considering the annual investments and three-phase unbalance.Simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimal planning method.Sim ulation results show that the proposed optimal planning method can increase the integration of PVs while simultaneously reduc ing issues related to voltage violation and unbalance.

基于单根线棒连接的定子绕组设计及应用研究

对于特定转速的大型交流同步电机,通过单根线棒连接方式可以解决定子绕组极数与对称平衡支路数的匹配问题。本文分析了基于单根线棒连接方法的绕组对称性,提出了并联支路对称平衡的定量评估方法。并应用电磁场有限元分析和真机实测,验证了分析方法的有效性。

接入分布式光伏的低压配电台区线损计算方法

分布式光伏的接入使低压配电台区内的电能流动变得更为复杂,容易导致线损计算结果与实际产生偏差。据此本文提出了一种线损计算方法,即通过引入配电台区负荷不平衡度,评估三相负荷的分配均匀性,计算低压配电台区的线损值;确定线损修正系数,修正理论线损值。实验结果表明,利用所提方法计算接入分布式光伏的低压配电台区线损与实际线损的偏差较小,能够精确地计算低压配电台区线损,从而更好地评估台区线损状况。

Control strategy for microgrid under three-phase unbalance condition

Microgrid(MG) is generally developed at utility terminal which contains lots of unbalanced loads and distributed generations(DGs). The interaction between MG and the unbalance loads or DGs will degrades the control performance of interfaced inverter in MG and dramatically leads to MG voltage unbalance. In this paper, a negative-sequence compensation based three-phase voltage unified correction strategy is proposed. While MG operates in islanded mode, a positive virtual impedance control is used to eliminate the negative voltage resulted from the negative-sequence current,and then a positive-sequence voltage control loop and negative-sequence control loop are used to improve the inverter control performance. While MG operates in grid-tied mode,the inverter operates as a negative-sequence current source to compensate the negative-sequence currents of loads to guarantee the point of common coupling(PCC) voltage balance.By using the proposed strategy, the voltage control performance of inverter can be improved;the MG power quality can be enhanced significantly. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

三相不平衡对配电变压器效率影响数学建模与分析

为提高配电变压器效率,找到与低压配电网相匹配的三相负荷不平衡度算法,以及探究三相不平衡对配电变压器效率影响关系,选用常用的配电变压器进行分析。采用数理推导、试验建模、案例与仿真分析的方法进行推究分析,通过建立低压配电系统三相不平衡对铁损、铜损、线损影响的模型进而推导出三相不平衡对配电变压器效率的影响关系。提出了可以有效反映三相不平衡对低压配电网影响关系的三相幅值不平衡度算法、三相功率因数不平衡度算法以及三相负荷不平衡度算法,得到三相负荷不平衡对总损耗、附加损耗以及对配电变压器效率影响的关系曲线,为三相不平衡的治理和节能降损提供了参考依据。

基于饱和深度动态相量图的变压器涌流不平衡分析

为阐释高阻抗变压器三相涌流严重不平衡的产生机理,定义了可反映三相涌流不平衡特性的铁心“饱和深度”概念,并结合相量理论提出了基于饱和深度动态相量图的涌流不平衡特性分析方法。基于该方法可直观掌握变压器运行时各相铁心饱和深度随分合闸角度及时间的变化规律,从而快速辨识涌流极限不平衡的边界角度。不同分合闸角度时的数值模拟结果表明不平衡度和零序电流大小趋势基本一致,仿真和录波验证了出现涌流极限不平衡和零序电流峰值的边界角度的一致性。基于高阻抗变压器参数特征及边界角度,阐释了高阻抗变压器因原边零模涌流变大和副边环流变小两方面原因导致三相涌流严重不平衡的现象。

光伏发电系统对配电网三相电压不平衡度影响的计算方法

针对传统确定性潮流计算在对分布式光伏电站接入配电网后导致的三相电压不平衡现象进行评估时的不足,提出了一种基于多点线性化的半不变量概率潮流和重要抽样对配电网不平衡度进行评估的方法.首先,针对Beta分布描述的局限性,以自适应非参数核密度估计法对光伏出力和负荷波动的随机过程进行表征,从而提高建模精度;然后,利用分段线性化半不变量法进行随机潮流分析以降低不确定性引起的误差,构建出混合Copula函数计算公共连接点的不平衡度;最后,采取抽样方法得到不平衡度均值进行评估.通过对IEEE33节点系统进行仿真分析,验证了此方法的有效性和可行性.

市域铁路典型牵引变电所电能质量测试与评估

市域铁路牵引供电系统相较于其他铁路牵引供电系统具有行车密度大、速度快、站间距短等特点,导致电压不平衡度、电压偏差、谐波等问题更加突出。以某市域铁路线路上的典型牵引变电所为例开展电能质量综合测试,并基于国家相关标准,对该牵引变电所电压不平衡度、电压偏差、谐波等电能质量指标进行了定量评估分析,为市域铁路电能质量问题的综合治理提供了依据。

基于广义电容电压不平衡度的MMC子模块开路故障诊断策略

模块化多电平换流器(MMC)广泛应用于高压大功率场合。MMC拓扑由大量的子模块(SM)组成,为了提高其运行可靠性,在其SM发生开路故障后,需要快速检测到故障并定位故障SM。现有研究基于经验的阈值设置在不同运行功率间难以推广。针对此,该文提出基于广义电容电压不平衡度的MMC子模块开路故障诊断策略。通过判断桥臂中电容电压最大SM的广义电容电压不平衡度是否超出设定阈值来检测故障,故障定位过程同样是基于该标志。通过理论分析,给出诊断阈值在不同运行功率下的设置方法。所提出的方法可以在不同功率点准确、快速地诊断出MMC子模块开路故障,并降低不同运行功率下阈值设置难度。最后通过硬件在环(HIL)平台验证了该方法的可行性。

基于智能软开关的三相不平衡配电网动态重构策略

针对单相分布式电源(DG)的接入会加剧配电网不平衡程度、增大网络损耗,且在严重不平衡时影响系统安全运行的问题,提出计及智能软开关(SOP)的三相不平衡配电网动态重构策略。首先,构建考虑SOP和DG电流不平衡度约束的三相不平衡配电网动态重构模型;然后,针对模型的非凸性将原模型转化为混合整数线性规划模型;最后,对改进的IEEE34节点配电网和某地78节点实际配电网进行算例分析,结果表明所提模型和策略可在保证配电网的安全运行的同时提升配电网的经济效益。

故障下新能源场站间主动电压支撑协调控制策略

针对逆变型新能源场站在电网发生不对称故障时可能出现的电压暂降、电流越限等运行风险,提出一种适用于电压跌落场景的站间协调控制策略,该策略可有效实现故障下多个新能源场站对并网点电压的主动支撑。首先,基于逆变器控制系统的输出特性,分析不对称故障下的电压支撑原理;其次,为了解决输出电流在各新能源场站间的配置问题,引入白鲸优化算法对场站的功率进行优化,并在此基础上推导出相应的参考电流;最后,对电压跌落场景进行区分,在各自场景下通过逆变器注入不同的参考电流以实现并网点电压支撑、电流限幅、改善不平衡度等多个控制目标。在Matlab/Simulink仿真平台上搭建含逆变型新能源场站的并网运行系统,通过仿真模拟验证所提控制策略的有效性。

输电线路增容改造对三相电压不平衡度的影响研究

采用了通过精确计算交流电阻的方式计算三相电压不平衡度的方法,以220 kV单回路增容改造工程为例,计算了增容导线的允许载流量以及极限输送容量,并分析了输电线路增容改造对三相电压不平衡度的影响。结果表明:旧线路由普通钢芯铝绞线改造为耐热导线后输送容量能够得到显著提升,线路三相电压不平衡度也随之增大,需要对三相电压不平衡度进行重新评估,同时传统近似计算方法相比所提的精确计算方法误差较大,建议针对增容改造工程的三相电压不平衡度计算采用精确计算法。计算方法以及研究结果可为后续输电线路增容改造过程中的交流电阻计算、载流量计算以及三相电压不平衡度计算提供参考。

一种集成接收机的信号处理方法

针对在光接入网中传统相干接收机存在成本高、算法处理复杂的问题,提出一种低成本的简化相干接收机(SCR)信号处理方法。发送端使用四电平脉冲幅度调制(PAM4)高阶码型进行信号调制,接收端对输出信号先后采用不平衡度补偿算法、反馈式全数字时钟恢复算法进行处理,并通过帧同步、码元判决后计算误码率。仿真及实验结果表明:所提方法在系统中有着良好性能,在输入信号光功率为-9 dBm时,系统误码率为10^(-4)量级,低于硬判决前向纠错(HD-FEC)门限的误码率判决。

基于智能换相开关的配电网三相不平衡治理

通过采用智能换相开关对配电网三相不平衡进行治理,通过对线路中的电压、电流等数据进行实时监测并采集,来改善配电网电能质量,最后通过实际案例来验证该方法的可行性。

短距离不换位同塔多回输电线路不平衡分析

衡量短距离不换位同塔多回输电线路三相不平衡度需要准确测量正弦稳态下正序、负序和零序电流,这在潮流不断变化且电磁耦合复杂的实际线路中是很难实现的。为此,引入概率统计中衡量数据离散度的变异系数来衡量输电线路的三相不平衡度,直接计算线路阻抗的变异系数,计算简单、准确。同时,考虑架空地线、大地电阻、无功补偿装置和串联电抗器对线路阻抗的影响,基于输电线路分布参数模型,建立了短距离不换位同塔多回输电线路的分析模型。分析了计算江西某220 kV实际双回输电线路。结果表明,线路电流计算结果与实测值误差小于1%,并提出了该线路不平衡度最小的相序排列方式为ABC-CBA。为减小短距离不换位同塔多回输电线路的不平衡度提供了理论参考。