Optimization of Center of Gravity Position and Anti-Wave Plate Angle of Amphibious Unmanned Vehicle Based on Orthogonal Experimental Method

When the amphibious vehicle navigates in water,the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity greatly influence the navigation characteristics.In the relevant research on reducing the navigation resistance of amphibious vehicles by adjusting the angle of the anti-wave plate,there is a lack of scientific selection of parameters and reasonable research of simulation results by using mathematical methods,and the influence of the center of gravity position on navigation characteristics is not considered at the same time.To study the influence of the combinations of the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity on the resistance reduction characteristics,a numerical calculation model of the amphibious unmanned vehicle was established by using the theory of computational fluid dynamics,and the experimental data verified the correctness of the numerical model.Based on this numerical model,the navigation characteristics of the amphibious unmanned vehicle were studied when the center of gravity was located at different positions,and the orthogonal experimental design method was used to optimize the parameters of the angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity.The results show that through the parameter optimization analysis based on the orthogonal experimental method,the combination of the optimal angle of the anti-wave plate and the position of the center of gravity is obtained.And the numerical simulation result of resistance is consistent with the predicted optimal solution.Compared with the maximum navigational resistance,the parameter optimization reduces the navigational resistance of the amphibious unmanned vehicle by 24%.

Evolvement Characteristics of Population and Economic Gravity Centers in Tarim River Basin,Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang,China

Using the data at the county levcl and the regional gravity center model, we calculated six key socio-economic gravity centers, namely population, GDP, output values of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and arable land area in the Tarim River Basin for each year from 1980 to 2009. We inspected the spatial dynamics of these centers and found that the gravity centers of population and economy evolved simultaneously. The disproportional growth between the population and the economy is also analyzed. The results show that： 1） The gravity centers of the GDR the output values of the main three industries and arable land area show migration trending from southwest to northeast, while the population gravity center shows an excessive growth in the southwest during the same time period. The migration amplitude of the GDP and output values of primary industry, secondary industry, tertiary industry are measurably higher than that of the population. 2） The population gravity center has a negative correlation with the gravity centers of secondary and tertiary industries output values in both longitudinal and latitudinal directions, and a positive correlation with that of primary industry output value in the longitudinal direction. Based on the analysis of correlation coefficient and offset distance, the imbalance between the population and the economy has increased since the 1980s, with regional economic differences now exceeding the international cordon.

Analysis and Study on Spatial Gravity Center of PM_(2.5) and Population Scale

With the rapid development of urbanization construction in China,population and industries are rapidly gathering in cities,bringing about economic development and also causing a large number of environmental problems,among which PM_(2.5) is the most concerned.In this paper,a spatial gravity center model was used to systematically analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of PM_(2.5) and population scale in China from 1999 to 2016.Conclusions were as below:(1)there were significant regional differences in PM_(2.5) pollution from 1999 to 2016,characterized by a spatial distribution of"high in the north and low in the south,and high in the inland and low in the coastal areas".(2)Nationwide,there was a significant spatial mismatch between the gravity center of PM_(2.5) pollution and the gravity center of population scale,with the two centers showing a trend of reverse dislocation development.

Classification of densities and characteristics of curve of population centers in China by GIS

In this paper, with the spatial analysis functions in ArcGIS and the county-level census data of 2000 in China, the population density map was divided and shown by classes, meanwhile, the map system of population distribution and a curve of population centers were formed; in accordance with the geographical proximity principle, the classes of population densities were reclassified and a population density map was obtained which had the spatial clustering characteristic. The multi-layer superposition based on the population density classification shows that the population densities become denser from the Northwest to the Southeast; the multi-layer clustering phenomenon of the Chinese population distribution is obvious, the populations have a water-based characteristic gathering towards the rivers and coastlines. The curve of population centers shows the population densities transit from the high density region to the low one on the whole, while in low-density areas there are relatively dense areas, and in high-density areas there are relatively sparse areas. The reclassification research on the population density map based on the curve of population centers shows that the Chinese population densities can be divided into 9 classes, hereby, the geographical distribution of Chinese population can be divided into 9 type regions： the concentration core zone, high concentration zone, moderate concentration zone, low concentration zone, general transitional zone, relatively sparse area, absolute sparse area, extreme sparse area, and basic no-man＇s land. More than 3/4 of the population of China is concentrated in less than 1/5 of the land area, and more than half of the land area is inhabited by less than 2% of the population, the result reveals a better space law of China＇s population distribution.

Algorithm for 2D irregular-shaped nesting problem based on the NFP algorithm and lowest-gravity-center principle

The nesting problem involves arranging pieces on a plate to maximize use of material. A new scheme for 2D ir- regular-shaped nesting problem is proposed. The new scheme is based on the NFP (No Fit Polygon) algorithm and a new placement principle for pieces. The novel placement principle is to place a piece to the position with lowest gravity center based on NFP. In addition, genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted to find an efficient nesting sequence. The proposed scheme can deal with pieces with arbitrary rotation and containing region with holes, and achieves competitive results in experiment on benchmark datasets.

Research on Comprehensive Performance Assessment for WSN Based on ANP with Equilibrium Variable Weight and Cloud Gravity Center

The index system of comprehensive performance assessment for WSN is established firstly according to the requirement of Smart Grid application, and ANP is adopted to determine the constant weight of index. Then the equilibrium variable weight is used to adjust the constant weight under extreme case. Moreover, the section division of comment grade for qualitative index is treated by the numerical characteristics of cloud model. Finally the cloud gravity center is used to calculate the weight deviation degree presenting the final evaluation result. The method proposed fully considers the interaction among indices and guarantees randomness and fuzziness in evaluation process. The reliability and efficiency of the method is demonstrated by the assessment of actual WSN examples.

Analysis of Urbanization Based on Center-of-gravity Movement and Characteristics in Songhua River Basin of China and its Southern Source Sub-basin between 1990 and 2010

Urbanization in modern times led to a series of development strategies that brought new opportunities in China. Rapid urbanization caused severe stress to the ecosystems and the environment. Using the center-of-gravity(COG) method and parameters such as population, economy, and land, we studied the urbanization pattern in Songhua River Basin and its southern source sub-basin from 1990 to 2010. Urbanization was analyzed based on the COG position, eccentric distance, movement direction of COG, and distance of COG movement. Various characteristics of urbanization in the southern source sub-basin of the Songhua River were explained in relation to the whole Songhua River Basin. Urbanization in the southern source sub-basin of the Songhua River is balanced, relatively advanced, and stable compared to the whole Songhua River Basin. The average eccentric distance between the urbanization COGs in the Songhua River′s south source basin indicated rapid expansion of land urbanization during the span of this study. A basic pattern of urbanization COG in the whole Songhua Basin was observed, but there existed differences among the three aspects of urbanization process. Land urbanization is still in its active stage, so future studies should focus on analysis of such urbanization trends.

Uncertainty analysis of ship model vertical center of gravity and transverse moment of inertia test

The usability of test results of ship model vertical center of gravity and transverse moment of inertia is generally depends on its uncertainty. Referring to the guidelines for uncertainty analysis in examination of liquid dynamic recommended by International Towing Tank Conference （ ITTC）, the results were analyzed, bias limits and precision limits were calculated and total uncertainty was estimated. The total uncertainty of six tests on ship model vertical center of gravity is is 0. 16% of the mean value, and the total uncertainty of six tests on ship model transverse moment of inertia is 5.66% of the mean value. The test results show that the total uncertainty of both the multiple tests and the single test is from the precision limits of ship model vertical center of gravity and transverse moment of inertia tests. Thus, the improved measurement system stability can enormously decrease the total uncertainty of multiple tests and the single test.

自适应调节重心林间运输车设计与仿真

为提高运输车在林间的工作效率,研究设计一款能够远程遥控且能根据自身运动姿态自动调节重心的小型林间履带式运输车。通过理论计算完成整车各部分机构的设计,分析整车在可调节重心机构调控下的通过性,确定可调节重心机构的控制策略,并利用Recurdyn软件对整机进行通过性模拟仿真。仿真结果表明,经过调控重心后,整机的通过性得到有效提升,整机上坡的极限角度提高17.9%,横坡的极限角度提高18.3%,极限越障高度提高18.7%,跨壕极限宽度提高13.9%。

我国青贮玉米生产的集聚演变及其作用机制——基于动态空间杜宾模型

为观测青贮玉米生产的动态变化,研究基于2001—2021年我国30个省面板数据,选用重心模型分析青贮玉米生产集聚区域变动。在此基础上,借助动态空间杜宾模型剖析要素投入、社会经济、政策支持对中国青贮玉米生产区域变动的影响。结果表明,我国青贮玉米存在空间聚集现象,即2001—2021年间我国青贮玉米生产量的莫兰指数总体上呈“先降再升再降再升”的发展态势。生产重心演变轨迹结果显示,我国青贮玉米生产区域重心呈现“先东北后西北、西南”的演变趋势。机制结果表明,粮食优势、财政扶持、务工收入增加是推进青贮玉米生产的主要驱动因素;生产基础设备、化肥施用、农业收益对本省份青贮玉米生产具有正向影响,但对相邻省份青贮玉米生产的影响不显著。

中国农村居民点重心迁移特征及其指示意义

运用重心模型和标准差椭圆法,研究2000—2018年中国农村居民点重心迁移轨迹及对农村居民点集约利用和耕地被占用空间格局的影响。结果表明,2000—2018年中国农村居民点重心向西北迁移17545.67 m,其中向西迁移8843.191 m,向北迁移15154.162 m。2000—2005年、2005—2010年、2010—2015年和2015—2018年4个阶段,中国农村居民点重心迁移沿着“西南-东南-西北-西北”的轨迹,迁移速度分别为894.326,854.994,1368.894和8108.936 m/a。2010年之前农村居民点重心主要向南迁移,移动速度较慢,2010年之后转向西北方向迁移,移动速度迅速上升。2000—2018年,中国农村居民点空间分布范围先缩小后扩张,其中2000—2015年分布范围缩小,2015年以后分布范围扩张,农村居民点在主趋势方向(南北)呈现集聚特征,在东西方向呈现离散特征。研究结果表明,中国北方农村居民点的利用较为粗放,尤其是华北、东北和华东地区,人均农村居民点面积及增长率较快,集约利用程度低,农村居民点净占用耕地在全国的占比也最高,成为耕地占用最严重的地区;中南和西南地区农村居民点的利用较为集约。研究结果可为理解农村居民点的演变动态以及指导农村居民点空间布局的调整提供科学依据。

下辽河平原区耕地非农化时空演变特征及驱动机制

探索耕地非农化的时空演变特征及其驱动机制是耕地保护的前提,分析下辽河平原区2000—2020年耕地非农化的时空演变特征及驱动机制,可以为该地区耕地保护政策的制定与防止耕地非农化提供理论依据。本文基于2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年和2020年5个时期的土地利用数据,以下辽河平原区为研究区域,结合社会经济数据,运用ArcGIS 10.2空间叠加分析,计算耕地非农化面积,采用重心迁移模型、核密度分析、地理探测器等统计学和地理信息系统的空间分析方法,揭示下辽河平原区耕地非农化特征及其演变趋势,并探讨其耕地非农化的驱动因素。研究结果表明:1)在时间上,下辽河平原区耕地非农化面积和非农化率呈现周期性波动,耕地非农化总面积为2201.52 km^(2),耕地非农化率为7.11%。2)在空间分布上,耕地非农化的重心主要从辽中区向东北方向迁移至于洪区,下辽河平原区耕地非农化东部地区高于西部地区,核密度最大值1657.3,主要在于洪区、浑南区、沈北新区、苏家屯区附近;耕地非农化的次集中区域为新民市和昌图县,其核密度最大值分别为1033.18和1018.49。3)在驱动因素上,耕地非农化驱动因素影响依次为农业机械总动力>户籍人口>城镇人口>固定资产投资>第三产业增加值>GDP>粮食产量>第二产业增加值,交互作用探测器表现为双因子增强或非线性增强关系。综合来看,耕地非农化是社会、经济因素综合作用的复杂结果。鉴于此,本文建议通过严格控制城市建设用地占用耕地的规模、挖掘农村居民点利用潜力、转变经济发展方式、推动农业产业结构调整等措施治理耕地非农化。

采用云重心评判法的港口船舶溢油综合应急能力评价

为突破单环节评价港口船舶溢油应急能力的局限性,合理配置资源,采用云重心评判法全环节评估港口船舶溢油综合应急能力,面向应急准备、预警、行动、恢复全环节,参照人-机-环境-管理系统理论和国际国内规定,建立综合应急能力评价指标体系;针对传统评价指标因素未涉及模糊性和随机性的问题,用加权偏离度确定定性指标与定量数值间的转化关系;利用层次分析法(AHP)优化评价意见,弥补评价样本欠充分带来的精度缺陷;最后,以上海港为例,对船舶溢油综合应急能力评价作实证研究。结果表明:云重心评判法能合理评价港口船舶溢油综合应急能力,为健全和完备应急能力提供理论依据,为港口船舶溢油综合应急能力评价提供了一种新思路。

中国数字经济与文旅产业融合的协同关系及其影响因素

促进数字经济与文旅产业融合的协调适配是实现数字文旅高质量发展的关键路径,有效把握二者协同关系的时空演化特征及影响因素,对推动区域文旅产业转型升级、构建数字文旅产业发展新格局具有重要理论价值和现实意义。首先,在梳理两系统协同发展框架基础上构建综合评价体系;其次,运用协同关系测度模型、探索性空间数据分析刻画2011—2020年中国数字经济与文旅产业融合协同关系的时空演进特征;最后,采用时空地理加权回归方法识别其影响因素。结果表明:1)时序演进上,中国数字经济与文旅产业融合协同指数保持上升态势,从2011年的极低协同(0.180)提升至2020年的低级协同(0.279)。2)空间分布上,呈稳定的“东-中-西”递减梯度结构,空间协同特征与空间集聚特征显著。3)各解释变量对数字经济与文旅产业融合协同关系具有正向效应,政府调控和人力资本高值区在研究期末呈现自东向西扩散态势,而城镇化水平、技术实力和互联网供给能力在文旅资源禀赋优势更大、发展空间更具潜力的中部和西部地区表现出更明显的推动作用。

河南省耕地“非农化”时空演变特征分析

深入理解和掌握耕地“非农化”的时空演变特征及其原因对保护耕地并确保粮食安全具有重要意义。本文针对中国产粮第二大省河南,以县域为单位,基于河南省1980—2020年土地利用长时序空间数据,采用重心转移模型和空间自相关分析等方法,定量揭示全省158个县级评价单元1980—2020年来耕地“非农化”的空间分布特征、时空迁移路径和集聚特征,以期为河南省耕地资源的保护与可持续利用提供依据。结果表明:(1)河南省耕地资源东西分布差异大,集中连片耕地主要集中在东部,耕地总面积随时间推移呈波动减少。(2)耕地“非农化”等级时空差异较大,豫西地区耕地“非农化”较为缓和,中部和东部地区呈先快速上升后缓慢下降的态势。(3)河南省耕地“非农化”空间不均衡性增强,空间格局小幅波动,耕地“非农化”重心以先向东南和西南后向东北的路径迁移。(4)河南省耕地“非农化”空间分布格局在4个时期均呈现出集聚特性,空间集聚程度先增大后减小,高—高和低—低聚类主导格局变化。本研究揭示了1980—2020年河南省耕地“非农化”的时空演变格局,为政府管控耕地“非农化”现象、实现耕地资源的可持续发展提供参考和借鉴。

集装箱船典型装载工况下的重心位置估算方法

对于集装箱船结构评估中加速度公式所需重心位置进行研究。以10艘集装箱船为研究对象,选取规范校核的典型装载工况,参照《散货船和油船共同结构规范》中的公式开展重心位置对比。研究发现,采用《散货船和油船共同结构规范》中的公式所得结果与实际值相差较大,该公式不适用于集装箱船。在此基础上,中国船级社在其《集装箱船结构规范》中提出一种新的集装箱船重心位置估算公式。另选5艘集装箱船,通过将采用该估算公式所得结果与实际值相对比,验证该估算公式合理、实用。

KSS1536型空间受限原煤分级筛的研制与应用

为解决空间受限原煤分级筛的安装技术难题,设计研制了一种基于重心偏移原理的KSS-1536型原煤分级筛,并详细介绍了其筛分原理、筛板结构、筛机材质及应用效果。该型筛机采用了重心偏移技术,可促使物料迅速分层,避免筛机入料端物料堆积,同时排料端物料运动速度慢,有利于延长筛分时间、提高筛分效率;采用空间阶梯形冲孔筛板,具备常规冲孔筛板和梳齿阶梯筛板的优点,可增加有效筛分面积,并使大颗粒物料不易堵孔、细颗粒物料不易糊孔;筛机材质的性能优于Q355,而应力分析显示筛机所受最大应力为36.9 MPa,发生在激振梁上,筛箱整体及各关键部件的刚度和强度均满足设计要求。应用效果表明:KSS1536型原煤分级筛可在空间受限的情况下使用,应用于平顶山八矿选煤厂智能干选后物料的分级作业,处理量可达到300 t/h,筛分效率可达90%;同时能够长时间连续稳定运行,日常维护方便。该设备的成功研制与应用,为空间受限条件下原煤分级筛的选型和工艺布置提供了新的思路。

顺势而为——三星堆博物馆新馆电气设计

三星堆博物馆新馆电气设计以对博物馆展陈最小干预,平衡建筑功能和其他专业需求,兼顾电气装置能源效率为原则,在分析项目前期调研情况和用电需求基础上,从电气机房选址、供配电系统设计、展陈配合、防雷接地系统等方面介绍三星堆博物馆新馆如何根据园区现状、建筑布局、电气系统特点,进行顺势而为的电气设计。

“发明学术”:民国时期《历史语言研究所集刊》与史语所学派的建构

民国时期中央研究院历史语言研究所代表了中国学术由传统走向现代的典范。《历史语言研究所集刊》以“发明学术”为定位,通过征稿、审稿等制度提升学术论文的质量,着力打造学术重心,注重培养学术后备军,推动了史语所学人的代际转换。因此,《集刊》可谓为建构史语所学派的主要阵地之一。