AIM: To study the surgical treatment effect and outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct tumor thrombi (BDTT). METHODS: Fifty-three consecutive HCC patients with BDTT admitted in our department from Ju...AIM: To study the surgical treatment effect and outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct tumor thrombi (BDTT). METHODS: Fifty-three consecutive HCC patients with BDTT admitted in our department from July 1984 to December 2002 were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical data, diagnostic methods, surgical procedures and outcome of these patients were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: One patient rejected surgical treatment, 6 cases underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) for unresectable primary disease, and the other 46 cases underwent surgical operation. The postoperative mortality was 17.6%, and the morbidity was 32.6%. Serum total bilirubin levels of these patients with obstructive jaundice decreased gradually after surgery. The survival time of six cases who underwent PTCD ranged from 2 to 7 mo (median survival of 3.7 mo). The survival time of the patients who received surgery was as follows: 2 mo for one patient who underwent laparotomy, 5-46 mo (median survival of 23.5 mo, which was the longest survival in comparison with patients who underwent other procedures, P=0.0024) for 17 cases who underwent hepatectomy, 5-17 mo (median survival of 10.0 mo) for 5 cases who underwent HACE, 3-9 mo (median survival of 6.1 mo) for 11 cases who underwent simple thrombectomy and biliary drainage, and 3-8 mo (median survival of 4.3 mo) for four cases who underwent simple biliary drainage. CONCLUSION: Jaundice caused by BDTT in HCC patients is not a contraindication for surgery. Only curative resection can result in long-term survival. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment are the key points to prolong the survival of patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Development of new coronary thrombolytic agents is hot in the market. A new drug, mutated recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator （rtPAm）, is the product of mutation of tPA by changing binding loc...BACKGROUND： Development of new coronary thrombolytic agents is hot in the market. A new drug, mutated recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator （rtPAm）, is the product of mutation of tPA by changing binding loci with plasminogen activator inhibitor （PAl）-1 to reduce the degradation. In vitro test has demonstrated that the activity of rtPAm is much higher than rtPA in the absence of PAl. The present study is to observe the efficacy of mutated recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator （rtPAm） in coronary thrombolytic therapy.METHODS： A total of 30 adult beagles were equally divided into 5 groups after thrombi： vehicle group, urokinase group, rtPAm low-dose group, rtPAm medium-dose group, and rtPAm high-dose group. Thrombolytic effect and myocardial infarction were observed after thrombolytic therapy.RESULTS： In the urokinase group, time to reperfusion was （15.8±3.8） minutes. TIMI 2 flow was demonstrated in 4 beagles, TIMI 3 flow in 2, and re-occlusion in 4 after 90 minutes respectively. In the low- dose rtPAm group, time to reperfusion was （15±4.5） minutes; TIMI 2 flow was demonstrated in 2 beagles, TIMI 3 flow in 4, and re-occlusion in 2 after 90 minutes. In the high-dose rtPAm group, time to reperfusion was （7.5±2.6） minutes. None of the beagles showed re-occlusion after 90 minutes. The infarction areas were （2.1±0.9）% in the medium-dose rtPAm group and （0.7±0.4）% in the high-dose rtPAm group, which decreased significantly than those in the low-dose rtPAm group. The aggregation rate in the medium-dose and high-dose rtPAm groups decreased significantly than that in the urokinase group.CONCLUSION： rtPAm may serve as a thrombolytic agent with platelet-targeted fibrinolysis and antiplatelet aggregation activities.展开更多
Background: Left ventricular noncompaction with multiple left ventricular thrombi can be revealed by echocardiography, and early diagnosis seems to be imperative to prevent significant embolic events. Case Report: A 5...Background: Left ventricular noncompaction with multiple left ventricular thrombi can be revealed by echocardiography, and early diagnosis seems to be imperative to prevent significant embolic events. Case Report: A 57-year-old woman presented with symptoms of heart failure. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated a dilated and diffusely hypokinetic left ventricle with severe impaired left ventricular systolic function. Moreover, a markedly thickened endocardium at the left ventricular apex and middle segment with numerous, excessively prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses were present. During systole, the ratio of the noncompacted to compacted myocardial layers at the site of the maximal wall thickness was above two, a characteristic finding in left ventricular non-compaction. Multiple mobile, homogeneous, echodense thrombi were identified in the left ventricle, with the largest one in the apical noncompacted segment (dimensions, 32 × 14 mm). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of noncompacted myocardium with the presence of multiple thrombi. After anticoagulant therapy, her symptoms improved and thrombi dissolved. Unexpectedly, she re-admitted to the cardiovascular unit with progressive dyspnea. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed new large right atrial thrombi, with the largest one was 43 × 38 mm compared to the echocardiogram done 11 months ago. The patient was anticoagulated with continuous heparin infusion for several days followed by oral Apixaban. After 4 weeks, the floating thrombi completely disappeared. After a 26-month follow-up, the patient’s condition was stable without embolic complications. Conclusion: Echocardiography was the cornerstone of diagnostic methods for early detecting left ventricular thrombi to eventually prevent embolic events.展开更多
Background Optical coherence tomography （OCT） is a new imaging technique capable of obtaining high-resolution intravascular images of small vessels and has been widely used in interventional cardiology. However, app...Background Optical coherence tomography （OCT） is a new imaging technique capable of obtaining high-resolution intravascular images of small vessels and has been widely used in interventional cardiology. However, application of OCT in peripheral pulmonary arteries in patients has been seldom documented. Methods Three patients who were highly suspected peripheral pulmonary arteries thrombi and had undergone CT pulmonary angiography but tested negative for thrombi in peripheral pulmonary arteries were enrolled. Subsequently, OCT imaging was performed in peripheral pulmonary arteries. The patients received more than three-month anticoagulative treatment if thrombi were detected by OCT. Thereafter, OCT re-evaluation of the thrombolized blood vessels detected earlier was performed. The changes of thrombi before and after anticoagulative treatment were compared. Results Three patients underwent OCT imaging of peripheral pulmonary arteries. Thrombi were found in most of imaged vessels in these patients. Red and white thrombi can be differentiated, according to features of the thrombus on OCT images. After anticoagulation treatment, these patients＇ symptoms and hypoxemia improved. Repeated OCT imaging showed that most thrombi disappeared or became smaller. Conclusion OCT may be used as a potential tool for detecting peripheral pulmonary artery thrombi and differentiating red thrombi from white ones.展开更多
In this editorial we comment on the article by Huffaker et al published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.We focus on cardiac tumors linked to genetic syndromes and the differential diagnosis of...In this editorial we comment on the article by Huffaker et al published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.We focus on cardiac tumors linked to genetic syndromes and the differential diagnosis of cardiac masses.As cardiomyocytes lack the ability to actively divide,primary cardiac tumors are extremely rare across all ethnicities and age groups.Once they occur,these tumors are often associated with genetic mutations and,occasionally,genetic syndromes.This underscores the importance of considering genetic mutations and syndromes when encountering these cases.The more common growths in the heart are thrombi and vegetations,which can mimic tumors,further making the differential diagnosis challenging.Among the imaging techniques,contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has the highest sensitivity for differential diagnosis.To aid in the differential diagnosis of cardiac masses,especially thrombi,appropriate utilization of biomarkers(i.e.D-dimer level)may provide pivotal clinical implications.Employing a multidisciplinary approach that integrates personal history,epidemiological insights,imaging findings,genetic markers,and biomarkers is therefore critical in the diagnostic process of cardiac masses.展开更多
Background: The differential diagnosis for intracavitary cardiac masses is limited, typically including vegetations, tumors, or thrombi. Cardiac thrombi can often mimic cardiac tumors on imaging, creating a diagnostic...Background: The differential diagnosis for intracavitary cardiac masses is limited, typically including vegetations, tumors, or thrombi. Cardiac thrombi can often mimic cardiac tumors on imaging, creating a diagnostic challenge. Primary cardiac tumors are rare and usually benign, whereas most cardiac tumors result from metastases, commonly originating from malignancies in the breast, lung, or melanoma. Aim: This report highlights the importance of distinguishing various cardiac masses based on clinical presentations, clinical courses, and radiological features. Case Presentation: We describe two cases of cardiac masses with unique and diverse clinical features. Each case posed significant diagnostic challenges due to their distinct presentations and clinical progressions. Conclusion: These cases underscore the importance of considering both benign and metastatic origins in the differential diagnosis of intracavitary cardiac masses. Accurate differentiation between thrombi and tumors is crucial for appropriate management and treatment.展开更多
目的:分析急性缺血性脑卒中机械取栓患者血栓取出物的病理成分,并探讨其与实验室检查、手术操作、预后等临床特征的关系。方法:2018年8月—2019年12月连续入组南京医科大学第二附属医院脑卒中登记系统的70例接受机械取栓的急性缺血性脑...目的:分析急性缺血性脑卒中机械取栓患者血栓取出物的病理成分,并探讨其与实验室检查、手术操作、预后等临床特征的关系。方法:2018年8月—2019年12月连续入组南京医科大学第二附属医院脑卒中登记系统的70例接受机械取栓的急性缺血性脑卒中患者。采用苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色方法半定量分析血栓取出物的红细胞、白细胞、纤维蛋白、血小板成分。根据红细胞及纤维蛋白(含血小板)的含量将患者分为红细胞富集组(红细胞含量≥50%)和纤维蛋白富集组(红细胞含量<50%)。比较两组之间实验室检查、手术操作、预后等差异。结果:70例急性缺血性脑卒中患者中,49例取得了血栓组织,血栓部位包括颈内动脉、大脑中动脉、基底动脉。红细胞富集组30例,纤维蛋白富集组19例。两组间性别、年龄、高血压、糖尿病、房颤病史、是否静脉溶栓、入院到静脉溶栓时间、入院到穿刺时间、取栓术后改良脑梗死溶栓(modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction,mTICI)分级、90 d良好预后率差异无统计学意义。急性卒中Org10172治疗试验(the trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment,TOAST)分型显示两组间心源性栓塞的比例差异无统计学意义。纤维蛋白富集组的穿刺到复流的时间[(68.42±29.99)min vs.(87.07±37.29)min,P=0.04]、取栓次数(1.63次vs.2.20次,P=0.04)低于红细胞富集组,差异有统计学意义。纤维蛋白富集组首次使用抽吸联合支架取栓技术的比例高于红细胞富集组(84.21%vs.56.67%,P=0.03),差异有统计学意义。结论:血栓成分可能影响取栓策略,纤维蛋白富集血栓与首次使用支架联合中间导管取栓有关,并且与穿刺到复流时间、操作次数减少相关。展开更多
文摘AIM: To study the surgical treatment effect and outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct tumor thrombi (BDTT). METHODS: Fifty-three consecutive HCC patients with BDTT admitted in our department from July 1984 to December 2002 were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical data, diagnostic methods, surgical procedures and outcome of these patients were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: One patient rejected surgical treatment, 6 cases underwent percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) for unresectable primary disease, and the other 46 cases underwent surgical operation. The postoperative mortality was 17.6%, and the morbidity was 32.6%. Serum total bilirubin levels of these patients with obstructive jaundice decreased gradually after surgery. The survival time of six cases who underwent PTCD ranged from 2 to 7 mo (median survival of 3.7 mo). The survival time of the patients who received surgery was as follows: 2 mo for one patient who underwent laparotomy, 5-46 mo (median survival of 23.5 mo, which was the longest survival in comparison with patients who underwent other procedures, P=0.0024) for 17 cases who underwent hepatectomy, 5-17 mo (median survival of 10.0 mo) for 5 cases who underwent HACE, 3-9 mo (median survival of 6.1 mo) for 11 cases who underwent simple thrombectomy and biliary drainage, and 3-8 mo (median survival of 4.3 mo) for four cases who underwent simple biliary drainage. CONCLUSION: Jaundice caused by BDTT in HCC patients is not a contraindication for surgery. Only curative resection can result in long-term survival. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment are the key points to prolong the survival of patients.
基金This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30900459）, and it was also supported by the National 863 Hightechnology Program.
文摘BACKGROUND： Development of new coronary thrombolytic agents is hot in the market. A new drug, mutated recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator （rtPAm）, is the product of mutation of tPA by changing binding loci with plasminogen activator inhibitor （PAl）-1 to reduce the degradation. In vitro test has demonstrated that the activity of rtPAm is much higher than rtPA in the absence of PAl. The present study is to observe the efficacy of mutated recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator （rtPAm） in coronary thrombolytic therapy.METHODS： A total of 30 adult beagles were equally divided into 5 groups after thrombi： vehicle group, urokinase group, rtPAm low-dose group, rtPAm medium-dose group, and rtPAm high-dose group. Thrombolytic effect and myocardial infarction were observed after thrombolytic therapy.RESULTS： In the urokinase group, time to reperfusion was （15.8±3.8） minutes. TIMI 2 flow was demonstrated in 4 beagles, TIMI 3 flow in 2, and re-occlusion in 4 after 90 minutes respectively. In the low- dose rtPAm group, time to reperfusion was （15±4.5） minutes; TIMI 2 flow was demonstrated in 2 beagles, TIMI 3 flow in 4, and re-occlusion in 2 after 90 minutes. In the high-dose rtPAm group, time to reperfusion was （7.5±2.6） minutes. None of the beagles showed re-occlusion after 90 minutes. The infarction areas were （2.1±0.9）% in the medium-dose rtPAm group and （0.7±0.4）% in the high-dose rtPAm group, which decreased significantly than those in the low-dose rtPAm group. The aggregation rate in the medium-dose and high-dose rtPAm groups decreased significantly than that in the urokinase group.CONCLUSION： rtPAm may serve as a thrombolytic agent with platelet-targeted fibrinolysis and antiplatelet aggregation activities.
文摘Background: Left ventricular noncompaction with multiple left ventricular thrombi can be revealed by echocardiography, and early diagnosis seems to be imperative to prevent significant embolic events. Case Report: A 57-year-old woman presented with symptoms of heart failure. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated a dilated and diffusely hypokinetic left ventricle with severe impaired left ventricular systolic function. Moreover, a markedly thickened endocardium at the left ventricular apex and middle segment with numerous, excessively prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses were present. During systole, the ratio of the noncompacted to compacted myocardial layers at the site of the maximal wall thickness was above two, a characteristic finding in left ventricular non-compaction. Multiple mobile, homogeneous, echodense thrombi were identified in the left ventricle, with the largest one in the apical noncompacted segment (dimensions, 32 × 14 mm). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of noncompacted myocardium with the presence of multiple thrombi. After anticoagulant therapy, her symptoms improved and thrombi dissolved. Unexpectedly, she re-admitted to the cardiovascular unit with progressive dyspnea. Transthoracic echocardiogram showed new large right atrial thrombi, with the largest one was 43 × 38 mm compared to the echocardiogram done 11 months ago. The patient was anticoagulated with continuous heparin infusion for several days followed by oral Apixaban. After 4 weeks, the floating thrombi completely disappeared. After a 26-month follow-up, the patient’s condition was stable without embolic complications. Conclusion: Echocardiography was the cornerstone of diagnostic methods for early detecting left ventricular thrombi to eventually prevent embolic events.
文摘Background Optical coherence tomography （OCT） is a new imaging technique capable of obtaining high-resolution intravascular images of small vessels and has been widely used in interventional cardiology. However, application of OCT in peripheral pulmonary arteries in patients has been seldom documented. Methods Three patients who were highly suspected peripheral pulmonary arteries thrombi and had undergone CT pulmonary angiography but tested negative for thrombi in peripheral pulmonary arteries were enrolled. Subsequently, OCT imaging was performed in peripheral pulmonary arteries. The patients received more than three-month anticoagulative treatment if thrombi were detected by OCT. Thereafter, OCT re-evaluation of the thrombolized blood vessels detected earlier was performed. The changes of thrombi before and after anticoagulative treatment were compared. Results Three patients underwent OCT imaging of peripheral pulmonary arteries. Thrombi were found in most of imaged vessels in these patients. Red and white thrombi can be differentiated, according to features of the thrombus on OCT images. After anticoagulation treatment, these patients＇ symptoms and hypoxemia improved. Repeated OCT imaging showed that most thrombi disappeared or became smaller. Conclusion OCT may be used as a potential tool for detecting peripheral pulmonary artery thrombi and differentiating red thrombi from white ones.
文摘In this editorial we comment on the article by Huffaker et al published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.We focus on cardiac tumors linked to genetic syndromes and the differential diagnosis of cardiac masses.As cardiomyocytes lack the ability to actively divide,primary cardiac tumors are extremely rare across all ethnicities and age groups.Once they occur,these tumors are often associated with genetic mutations and,occasionally,genetic syndromes.This underscores the importance of considering genetic mutations and syndromes when encountering these cases.The more common growths in the heart are thrombi and vegetations,which can mimic tumors,further making the differential diagnosis challenging.Among the imaging techniques,contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has the highest sensitivity for differential diagnosis.To aid in the differential diagnosis of cardiac masses,especially thrombi,appropriate utilization of biomarkers(i.e.D-dimer level)may provide pivotal clinical implications.Employing a multidisciplinary approach that integrates personal history,epidemiological insights,imaging findings,genetic markers,and biomarkers is therefore critical in the diagnostic process of cardiac masses.
文摘Background: The differential diagnosis for intracavitary cardiac masses is limited, typically including vegetations, tumors, or thrombi. Cardiac thrombi can often mimic cardiac tumors on imaging, creating a diagnostic challenge. Primary cardiac tumors are rare and usually benign, whereas most cardiac tumors result from metastases, commonly originating from malignancies in the breast, lung, or melanoma. Aim: This report highlights the importance of distinguishing various cardiac masses based on clinical presentations, clinical courses, and radiological features. Case Presentation: We describe two cases of cardiac masses with unique and diverse clinical features. Each case posed significant diagnostic challenges due to their distinct presentations and clinical progressions. Conclusion: These cases underscore the importance of considering both benign and metastatic origins in the differential diagnosis of intracavitary cardiac masses. Accurate differentiation between thrombi and tumors is crucial for appropriate management and treatment.
文摘目的:分析急性缺血性脑卒中机械取栓患者血栓取出物的病理成分,并探讨其与实验室检查、手术操作、预后等临床特征的关系。方法:2018年8月—2019年12月连续入组南京医科大学第二附属医院脑卒中登记系统的70例接受机械取栓的急性缺血性脑卒中患者。采用苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色方法半定量分析血栓取出物的红细胞、白细胞、纤维蛋白、血小板成分。根据红细胞及纤维蛋白(含血小板)的含量将患者分为红细胞富集组(红细胞含量≥50%)和纤维蛋白富集组(红细胞含量<50%)。比较两组之间实验室检查、手术操作、预后等差异。结果:70例急性缺血性脑卒中患者中,49例取得了血栓组织,血栓部位包括颈内动脉、大脑中动脉、基底动脉。红细胞富集组30例,纤维蛋白富集组19例。两组间性别、年龄、高血压、糖尿病、房颤病史、是否静脉溶栓、入院到静脉溶栓时间、入院到穿刺时间、取栓术后改良脑梗死溶栓(modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction,mTICI)分级、90 d良好预后率差异无统计学意义。急性卒中Org10172治疗试验(the trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment,TOAST)分型显示两组间心源性栓塞的比例差异无统计学意义。纤维蛋白富集组的穿刺到复流的时间[(68.42±29.99)min vs.(87.07±37.29)min,P=0.04]、取栓次数(1.63次vs.2.20次,P=0.04)低于红细胞富集组,差异有统计学意义。纤维蛋白富集组首次使用抽吸联合支架取栓技术的比例高于红细胞富集组(84.21%vs.56.67%,P=0.03),差异有统计学意义。结论:血栓成分可能影响取栓策略,纤维蛋白富集血栓与首次使用支架联合中间导管取栓有关,并且与穿刺到复流时间、操作次数减少相关。
