Thrombolysis in Pulmonary Embolia at the Cardiology Department of Aristide le Dantec Cardiology Department

Introduction: Venous thromboembolic disease is the 3rd most common cardiovascular pathology. Acute pulmonary embolism constitutes its most serious presentation and a major cause of mortality, morbidity and hospitalization in Africa and Senegal. The objectives of this work were to study the epidemiological profile of pulmonary embolisms and to evaluate the practice of thrombolysis in patients in a cardiological setting. Methodology: A retrospective, descriptive study was carried out in the Cardiology department of the Aristide le Dantec Hospital (HALD) over the period from August 2011 to December 2019 in patients hospitalized in the cardiology department for pulmonary embolism confirmed by CT angiography and/or with thrombi on cardiac ultrasound and who had also benefited from thrombolysis. Results: Thirty-one patients with pulmonary embolism were thrombolyzed. There was a predominance of the female gender with an average age of 45.97 years. Risk factors were dominated by age (61.29%) followed by obesity (32.26%) and prolonged immobilization (22.5%). The functional signs were dominated by dyspnea (77.42%) followed by chest pain (51.62%) and cough (35.48%). The physical signs were dominated by right heart failure in 22.5% of cases, pulmonary condensation syndrome in 19.35%, and inflammatory large leg in 12.9% of cases. Echocardiography and chest CT angiography were the means of diagnosis. Nine of our patients presented with an intracardiac mass. Thrombotic treatment was administered in all patients. The average length of hospitalization was 12.32 days and in-hospital mortality was 32.26%. Conclusion: Pulmonary embolism does exist in our regions and is responsible for heavy mortality. Rapid and efficient support is essential. Prevention remains the corner-stone in the fight against this pathology.

Platelet-to-neutrophil ratio predicts hemorrhagic transformation and unfavorable outcomes in acute ischemic stroke with intravenous thrombolysis

BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke(AIS)retains a notable stance in global disease burden,with thrombolysis via recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rtPA)serving as a viable management approach,albeit with variable outcomes and the potential for complications like hemorrhagic transformation(HT).The platelet-to-neutrophil ratio(P/NR)has been considered for its potential prognostic value in AIS,yet its capacity to predict outcomes following rtPA administration demands further exploration.AIM To elucidate the prognostic utility of P/NR in predicting HT and clinical outcomes following intravenous rtPA administration in AIS patients.METHODS Data from 418 AIS patients treated with intravenous rtPA at Thammasat University Hospital from January 2018 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The relationship between P/NR and clinical outcomes[early neurological deterioration(E-ND),HT,delayed ND(D-ND),and 3-mo outcomes]was scrutinized.RESULTS Notable variables,such as age,diabetes,and stroke history,exhibited statistical disparities when comparing patients with and without E-ND,HT,D-ND,and 3-mo outcomes.P/NR prognostication revealed an optimal cutoff of 43.4 with a 60.3%sensitivity and a 52.5%specificity for 90-d outcomes.P/NR prognostic accuracy was statistically significant for 90-d outcomes[area under the curve(AUC)=0.562],D-ND(AUC=0.584),and HT(AUC=0.607).CONCLUSION P/NR demonstrated an association with adverse 3-mo clinical outcomes,HT,and D-ND in AIS patients post-rtPA administration,indicating its potential as a predictive tool for complications and prognoses.This infers that a diminished P/NR may serve as a novel prognostic indicator,assisting clinicians in identifying AIS patients at elevated risk for unfavorable outcomes following rtPA therapy.

Clinical outcomes of Angio Jet pharmacomechanical thrombectomy versus catheter-directed thrombolysis for the treatment of filter-related caval thrombosis

BACKGROUND The inferior vena cava filter is utilized worldwide to intercept thrombi and to reduce the risk of fatal pulmonary embolism(PE).However,filter-related thrombosis is a complication of filter implantation.Endovascular methods such as AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy(ART)and catheter-directed thrombolysis(CDT)can treat filter-related caval thrombosis,but the clinical outcomes of both treatment modalities have not been determined.AIM To compare the treatment outcomes of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy vs catheter-directed thrombolysis in patients with filter-related caval thrombosis.METHODS In this single-center retrospective study,65 patients(34 males and 31 females;mean age:59.0±13.43 years)with intrafilter and inferior vena cava thrombosis were enrolled between January 2021 and August 2022.These patients were assigned to either the AngioJet group(n=44)or the CDT group(n=21).Clinical data and imaging information were collected.Evaluation measures included thrombus clearance rate,periprocedural complications,urokinase dosage,incidence of PE,limb circumference difference,length of stay,and filter removal rate.RESULTS Technical success rates were 100%in the AngioJet and CDT groups.In the AngioJet group,grade II and grade III thrombus clearance was achieved in 26(59.09%)and 14(31.82%)patients,respectively.In the CDT group,grade II and grade III thrombus clearance was accomplished in 11(52.38%)patients and 8(38.10%)patients,respectively(P>0.05).The peridiameter difference of the thigh was significantly reduced in patients from both groups after treatment(P<0.05).The median dosage of urokinase was 0.08(0.02,0.25)million U in the AngioJet group and 1.50(1.17,1.83)million U in the CDT group(P<0.05).Minor bleeding was shown in 4(19.05%)patients in the CDT group,and when it was compared with that in the AngioJet group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).No major bleeding occurred.Seven(15.91%)patients in the AngioJet group had hemoglobinuria and 1(4.76%)patient in the CDT group had bacteremia.There were 8(18.18%)patients with PE in the AngioJet group and 4(19.05%)patients in the CDT group before the intervention(P>0.05).Computed tomography angiopulmonography(CTA)showed that PE was resolved after the intervention.New PE occurred in 4(9.09%)patients in the AngioJet group and in 2(9.52%)patients in the CDT group after theintervention(P>0.05).These cases of PE were asymptomatic.The mean length of stay was longer in the CDT group(11.67±5.34 d)than in the AngioJet group(10.64±3.52 d)(P<0.05).The filter was successfully retrieved in the first phase in 10(47.62%)patients in the CDT group and in 15(34.09%)patients in the AngioJet group(P>0.05).Cumulative removal was accomplished in 17(80.95%)out of 21 patients in the CDT group and in 42(95.45%)out of 44 patients in the ART group(P>0.05).The median indwelling time for patients with successful retrieval was 16(13139)d in the CDT group and 59(12231)d in the ART group(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with catheter-directed thrombolysis,AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy can achieve similar thrombus clearance effects,improve the filter retrieval rate,reduce the urokinase dosage and lower the risk of bleeding events in patients with filter-related caval thrombosis.

Outcomes of catheter-directed thrombolysis versus systemic thrombolysis in the treatment of pulmonary embolism: a metaanalysis

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis(CDT)versus systemic thrombolysis(ST)in the treatment of pulmonary embolism(PE).METHODS The Cochrane Library,PubMed,and Embase databases were searched to collect the literature on the comparison of the results of CDT and ST in the treatment of PE from the beginning of their records to May 2020,and meta-analysis was performed by STATA software(version 15.1).Using standardized data-collection forms,the authors screened the studies and independently extracted data,and assessed the quality of the studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies.Cohort studies that examined the following results were included in the current study:in-hospital mortality,all-cause bleeding rate,gastrointestinal bleeding rate,intracranial hemorrhage rate,the incidence of shock,and hospital length of stay.RESULTS A total of eight articles,with 13,242 participants,involving 3962 participants in the CDT group and 9280 participants in the ST group were included.CDT compared with ST in the treatment of PE can significantly affect in-hospital mortality rate[odds ratio(OR)=0.41,95%CI:0.30–0.56,P<0.05],all-cause bleeding rate(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.04–1.39,P=0.012),gastrointestinal bleeding rate(OR=1.43,95%CI:1.13–1.81,P=0.003),the incidence of shock(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.37–0.57,P<0.05),and hospital length of stay[standard mean difference(SMD)=0.16,95%CI:0.07–0.25,P<0.05].However,there was no significant effect on intracranial hemorrhage rate in patients with PE(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.47–1.03,P=0.070).CONCLUSIONS CDT is a viable alternative to ST in the treatment of PE,as it can significantly reduce in-hospital mortality rate,all-cause bleeding rate,gastrointestinal bleeding rate,and incidence of shock.However,CDT may prolong hospital length of stay to a certain extent.Further research is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CDT and ST in the treatment of acute PE and other clinical outcomes.

Successful treatment of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation complicated with left ventricular thrombus by intravenous thrombolysis:A case report

BACKGROUND Left ventricular thrombus is a rare condition,for which appropriate treatments are not extensively studied.Although it can be treated by thrombectomy,such surgery can be difficult and risky,and not every patient can tolerate the surgery.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a middle-aged man receiving veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(VA-ECMO)for acute myocardial infarction who developed left ventricular thrombus despite systemic anticoagulation.After systemic thrombolysis with urokinase,the left ventricular thrombus disappeared,ECMO was successfully withdrawn 9 days later,and the patient recovered and was discharged from hospital.CONCLUSION Systemic thrombolysis is a treatment option for left ventricular thrombus in addition to anticoagulation and thrombectomy.

The Effect of the Early Application of Tirofiban on Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) after Intravenous Thrombolysis with Urokinase

Objective:Discussion and analysis of the effect of the early application of Tirofiban on acute ischemic stroke(AIS)after intravenous thrombolysis with urokinase.Method:The subjects of this study are 40 patients with AIS admitted at the Yibin Fourth People’s Hospital,of which were computer-randomized into a control group(20 cases,with regular urokinase intravenous thrombolysis therapy)and a research group(20 cases,combined with early Tirofiban treatment)from January 2018 to December 2022.The intervention outcomes between these two groups were compared and analyzed.Result:The blood platelet-related parameters before treatment had no statistical difference between the two groups(P>0.05),but the research group was higher than that of the control group after treatment(P<0.05).The Barthel index before treatment in both groups had no statistical difference(P>0.05),but the research group was higher than that of the control group after treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion:Early Tirofiban treatment for patients with AIS after intravenous thrombolysis with urokinase could effectively regulate the blood platelet-related parameters,hence improving treatment benefits and living capacity for patients,with definite clinical benefits.

TIPSS与PSE并用的价值及可行性初探

目的：探讨ＴＩＰＳＳ与ＰＳＥ并用的可行性及价值。材料与方法：ＴＩＰＳＳ与ＰＳＥ同时施行者２例，其余４例在ＴＩＰＳＳ复查时进行。直测ＰＳＥ前后门脉压力。检测ＰＳＥ前后白细胞、血小板数值，观察术后并发症情况。结果：ＴＩＰＳＳ及ＰＳＥ后消化道出血停止。门脉压力平均下降５．６ｃｍＨ２Ｏ，脾机能亢进基本缓解，血小板、白细胞均明显上升。ＰＳＥ与ＴＩＰＳＳ同时施行者术后反应较重，而ＴＩＰＳＳ随访时施行ＰＳＥ者术后反应较轻。结论：（１）ＰＳＥ后门脉压力下降，脾面积栓塞５０％～７０％，门脉压力平均下降５．７ｃｍＨ２Ｏ；（２）ＴＩＰＳＳ与ＰＳＥ并用可控制消化道出血，同时治疗脾机能亢进；

80例e-PTFE覆膜支架在Tipss术后发生狭窄的随访

目的探讨和评价覆膜支架在TIPSS术后狭窄率的发生情况。方法对80例术后3月、79例术后6月、50例术后12月用彩超及分流道血管造影进行跟踪随访,对狭窄例数及狭窄类型进行分析。结果 80例术后3月中有1例闭塞(1.3%);79例术后6月中有11例狭窄(13.9%),其中支架内狭窄6例、门脉端狭窄1例、"盖帽"发生4例;50例术后12月中有15例狭窄(30%),其中支架内狭窄6例、肝静脉端狭窄3例、门脉端狭窄1例、肝静脉端或门脉端"盖帽"发生5例。结论 1)TIPSS术中覆膜支架的应用明显较裸支架降低了狭窄率。2)如果支架长度选择合适,以及穿刺技术及支架放置角度优化,可以使狭闭率更低。

经TIPSS途径门静脉及肠系膜上静脉血栓溶栓治疗

目的 评价经TIPSS途径门静脉及肠系膜上静脉血栓溶栓治疗的安全性和效果。方法 对6例诊断为PV和SMV广泛血栓形成患者进行了经颈静脉途径经肝穿刺门静脉(简称TIPSS途径)介入溶栓治疗。患者主要症状有腹痛、腹胀、厌食等。腹部体检有压痛,均无明确腹肌紧张和反跳痛。B超、增强CT检查和直接PV-SMV造影确诊为本病。溶栓方法:穿刺PV分支成功后插入导管做PV-SMV造影,确定诊断及了解栓塞范围,抽吸及捣碎血栓,间断将尿激酶经多侧孔导管注入PV和SMV清除大部分血栓后,保留多侧孔导管至SMV内持续溶栓3天-13天。术后药物抗凝治疗6个月左右,此间,密切监测出凝血时间及影象学血变化。结果 介入治疗后,大部分血栓被清除,PV和SMV有血流通过,腹痛、腹胀和腹泻症状逐步缓解。经留置于SMV的导管造影显示PV和SMV主干及主要分支血流通畅,3例门静脉肝内少数分支有残留血栓,但无明显症状。随访4个月至3年,除1例死于外科手术并发症外,其余5例健在、无血栓复发证据及上消化道出血发生。结论 经TIPSS途径介入技术溶栓治疗,是治疗急性PV和SMV血栓形成的安全、具有良好的近期及中远期疗效的方法。

CT和MR三维血管成像技术对于TIPSS的价值

目的 探讨CT血管造影及MR血管造影对门脉高压患者TIPSS治疗的价值。方法 TIPSS术前 10例患者进行了三维MR血管造影 ,2例用MR团注技术测量门脉血流速度。 6 0例进行了三维CT血管造影。所有病例经临床和DSA证实为肝硬化门脉高压 ,其中 ,6 8例行TIPSS治疗。MR血管造影使用西门子 1.5TMR机 ,CT血管造影使用GEHighSpeedCT/i扫描机。结果 MR血管造影 :10例患者均可见门静脉主干及其肝内分支扩张 ,但其中 2例有布加综合征的表现。 3例患者可见侧支循环及静脉曲张 ,表现为胃左静脉丛和左肾静脉曲张、脾肾分流。应用MR“团块追踪”技术测量了 2例门脉主干的血流速度 ,分别为 11.8cm/s和 10 .6cm/s。CT血管造影 :准确地显示了 6 0例患者的肝动静脉解剖、门脉主干扩张及其小血管分支 ,以及 19例侧支循环及曲张血管。结论 CT血管造影和MR血管造影是一种无创性的检查方法 ,可充分显示肝静脉和门静脉解剖及变异 ,为TIPSS术前提供了重要信息。CT血管造影的空间分辨率优于MR血管造影。

不同直径PTFE覆膜支架在门脉高压TIPSS术中的应用效果

目的分析10 mm与8 mm直径的PTFE覆膜支架在TIPSS术中的应用效果。方法收集46例行TIPSS术治疗肝硬化门脉高压患者的临床资料,按照支架直径分为10 mm组与较小直径8 mm组。所有患者于术后1周测定门静脉压力、分流道的初次开通比率,于术后3个月、6个月、9个月和12个月分别复查分流道狭窄率以及肝性脑病的发生率。结果两组患者的TIPSS手术成功率均为100%,两组患者分流道的初次开通比率为100%,术后门静脉压力分别为(22.4±3.5)cmH2O、(23.2±3.7)cmH2O,均显著低于术前,但两组患者术后差异无统计学意义;空腹血氨水平分别为(41.3±11.39)μg/L、(42.4±11.78)μg/L,比术前水平略有提高,但术后两组患者间差异无统计学意义。9个月后两组患者消化道出血复发率分别为10%、7.69%,12个月后的复发率分别为15%、11.5%。配对t检验统计显示,TIPSS术6~12个月后,应用直径较小(8 mm组)的PTFE覆膜支架,患者的消化道出血复发率和分流道的远期狭窄闭塞率明显低于10 mm组(t=23.16,P<0.01;t=14.21,P<0.01)。结论 TIPSS术中应用直径较小的PTFE覆膜支架(如8 mm直径),能够在达到分流效果的同时,减少中远期分流道狭窄率等并发症,患者预后较好。

TIPSS治疗门静脉高压症进展

门静脉高压症是一种由肝组织及门脉血管和胆管疾患共同引起的综合症。主要临床症状有腹水、淤血性脾肿大和脾功能亢进、肝性脑病,食管胃底静脉曲张、门静脉高压性胃病以及由此导致的上消化道大出血。临床应用的治疗方法有外科手术、介入放射治疗、内镜下套扎及药物硬化治疗和原位肝移植治疗等。作为微创治疗的TIPSS技术在治疗门静脉高压症所致上消化道出血、腹水中发挥不可替代作用。

TIPSS治疗门脉高压症伴顽固性腹水的临床研究

报道应用TIPSS治疗41例门脉高压症伴顽固性腹水患者。肝功能属ChildsB级者19例、C级者22例,TIPSS技术成功率92.7％,术后2周腹水完全消失,肝性脑病发生率34.15％。住院病死率2.44％。术后门静脉压力和门体压力梯度分别下降33.93％和60.12％,门静脉血流速度增加1.3倍。血浆PRA、ATⅡ和ALD浓度显著下降。(P<0.01)。经1～48个月随访,症状复发率为29.41％,病死率41.18％。术后6个月、1年、2年、3年和4年生存率分别为94.1％、91.2％、82.4％、64.7％和58.3％。认为TIPSS是目前治疗顽固性腹水的有效方法,但应严格掌握其适应证。

TIPSS术后内支架血流状况的彩色多普勒检测

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声（ＣＤＦＩ）评价内支架血流状况的应用价值。材料和方法：３１例肝硬化门脉高压患者行ＴＩＰＳＳ术。术前进行常规ＣＤＦＩ检查，术后复查，观察门脉及内支架血流变化，测量血流速度。结果：２９例手术成功，２例失败。术前门脉血流速度（１７２±４７）ｃｍ／ｓ，术后（５１２±１４７）ｃｍ／ｓ，内支架血流速度（１４１±２９１）ｃｍ／ｓ。１３例术后门脉左右分支血流由“进肝流向”转为“离肝流向”；当内支架狭窄及闭塞时又转为“进肝流向”。４例支架内血流速度＜８０ｃｍ／ｓ，门脉造影显示内支架狭窄；４例支架内无血流信号，造影证实内支架已闭塞。结论：ＣＤＦＩ是检测内支架血流状况的简便、准确方法。支架内血流速度＜８０ｃｍ／ｓ，提示内支架狭窄存在；支架内无血流信号，表明内支架已闭塞。术后门脉分支“离肝流向”血流也是内支架血流通畅的间接可靠依据。

TIPSS术治疗肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的效果

目的研究以及分析肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血TIPSS术治疗。方法收集医院2015年1月—2017年1月收治的肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者100例,采用随机数字表法将这100例患者分为两组,每组50例,分别给予PTVE术治疗以及TIPSS术治疗。结果在临床治疗效果的比较中,TIPSS术治疗观察组总有效率为90%,高于PTVE术治疗对照组74%的总有效率(P<0.05)。在两组患者术后静脉曲张情况比较中,轻度静脉曲张人数TIPSS术治疗观察组明显低于PTVE术治疗对照组(P<0.05),而中度以及重度静脉曲张人数两组对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血TIPSS术治疗具有效果好,静脉曲张好转明显等优点。

TIPSS中弹性通道扩张术及胃冠状静脉栓塞术的应用

ＴＩＰＳＳ中弹性通道扩张术及胃冠状静脉栓塞术的应用李彦豪何晓峰陈勇黄信华曾建华马著彬陈卫国曾庆乐经颈静脉门腔分流术（ＴＩＰＳＳ）治疗肝硬化门脉高压所致食管静脉曲张出血、顽固性腹水等的近期疗效已得到肯定。影响中、远期疗效的因素，主要有慢性肝功能衰竭、肝...

TIPSS术患者健康需求调查及对策

目的了解TIPSS术患者的健康需求。方法对17例TIPSS术患者的健康需求进行调查。结果(1)TIPSS术患者对护士的需求以讲解治疗知识最多,占100%;(2)患者对治疗相关知识需求:TIPSS治疗原理,方法,疗效,并发症,术前、后注意事项的需求,均在82%以上;(3)患者对健康需求获得方法以要求医务人员讲解最多,占95.6%。结论患者渴望了解TIPSS术治疗的信息,希望医务人员给予支持和帮助。护士应从心理护理,宣教医学知识,术前、后及出院指导等方面进行护理。

CT三维重建肝内外静脉在TIPSS术前应用

１资料与方法本文６０例，男５２，女８，年龄３２～６８岁。３０例为准备行ＴＩＰＳＳ术的肝硬化病人，另３０例作为对照组为随机扫描抽取的肝脏扫描中非肝硬化病人。采用ＳＳＤ法、ＭＩＰ法及工作站行三维门静脉、肝静脉和肝段下腔静脉重建者在肝硬化组分别为３０例、２...

TIPSS和EVS治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的临床分析

目的:比较TIPSS和EVS治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效,治疗前后两组患者肝功能的变化和术后患者的死亡原因方法:回顾性分析两组各18例经TIPSS和EVS治疗的食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者在治疗后不同时间的死亡率,再出血率及治疗前后血浆白蛋白和胆红素的变化。结果:TIPSS组在术后30 d的死亡率略低于硬化剂治疗组(16.67％ vs 22.22％),术后1a,两组的死亡率比较有显著差异(22.22％ vs 44.44％);术后2a,TIPSS组仍略低于EVS组(38.89％ vs 50.00％),但差异无显著性,在术后2a的随诊期内,EVS组的再出血率高于TIPSS组。与EVS组比较,TIPSS组患者术后肝功能的降低更明显。结论:TIPSS治疗的近期疗效优于EVS治疗,中远期疗效的对比尚需进一步的观察。TIPSS术后肝功能的衰竭是本组患者治疗后死亡的主要原因,而EVS组患者的术后死亡与再出血密切相关。