The pollination mechanisms of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco and Thuja occidentalis L. seem to be of the same type, as based on the morphological study of the change in pollination drop, during the process of poll...The pollination mechanisms of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco and Thuja occidentalis L. seem to be of the same type, as based on the morphological study of the change in pollination drop, during the process of pollination. Entering the pollination drop, the pollen may alter the surface of the drop or reduce the secretion of the ovule with concomitant increase of evaporation. It has been further noticed that the dynamiechange of the drop withdrawal rate was closely associated with the different kinds of pollen received. It seemsthat the withdrawal of the pollination drop may be induced by pollen from plants consanguineous to P. orientalis, almost as effective as from pollen of P. orientalis itself and comparatively more effective than the foreignpollen received from distant plant species. The drop withdrawal could he mainly induced by the pollen that causes the reduction of ovule secretion.展开更多
Thuja orientalis seeds was treated by different molecular weight, different concentra tion and different lasting time in the Seedling Laboratory of Northeast Forestry University. The results are as follows:(1) it...Thuja orientalis seeds was treated by different molecular weight, different concentra tion and different lasting time in the Seedling Laboratory of Northeast Forestry University. The results are as follows:(1) it shows sighificant promoting effects on the germination viability of seeds bydifferent molecular weight of PEG(-6000, -10000 and -20000), and PEG-10000 is the best.(2)Different on germination viability , germination rate and simple vigor index are made bydifferent concentration of the same weigh moleculart(PEG-10000), the promoting effects are shownwhen the concentration is below 30%, and from 20% to 30% is the best range, but inhibitions will beshown if the concentration is more than 35%. (3)The most suitable lasting tiem of osmose treatmentof PEG10000 ~ 20% concentration is from 2 to 4 days, not more than 6 days, but it will showsignificant inhibition if the treated time is more than 8 days. (4)The treatments of PEG10000 andPEG20000 with higher molecular weigh can increase the germination rate and seed vigor , and decrease the electric conductivity of the seed soaking liquid after the natural air-dry treatment. Thesuitable time of natural air-dry is aboul 6 to 8 hours. It is also concluded that the PEG osmose treatmat is an effective method to increase the germination rate by the field shoulation in the laboratroy.展开更多
The genus Thuja is ideal for investigating the genetic basis of the East Asia-North America disjunction.The biogeographical background of the genus is debatable and an adaptive strategy is lacking.Through the analysis...The genus Thuja is ideal for investigating the genetic basis of the East Asia-North America disjunction.The biogeographical background of the genus is debatable and an adaptive strategy is lacking.Through the analysis and mining of comparative transcriptomes,species differentiation and positively selected genes(PSGs)were identified to provide information for understanding the environmental adaptation strategies of the genus Thuja.De novo assembly yielded 44,397-74,252 unigenes of the five Thuja species with contig N50length ranging from 1,559 to 1,724 bp.Annotations revealed a similar distribution of functional categories among them.Based on the phylogenetic trees constructed using the transcriptome data,T.sutchuenensis was divided first,followed by T.plicata and T.occidentalis.The final differentiation of T.koraiensis and T.standishii formed a clade.Enrichment analysis indicated that the PSGs of the North American Thuja species were involved in plant hormone signal transduction and carbon fixation of photosynthetic organisms pathways.The PSGs of East Asian Thuja were related to phenolic,alkaloid,and terpenoid synthesis,important stress-resistant genes and could increase plant resistance to external environmental stresses.This study discovered numerous aroma synthetic-related PSGs including terpene synthase(TPS)genes and lipid phosphate phosphatase 2(LPP2),associated with the synthetic aroma of T.sutchuenensis.Physiological indicators,such as the contents of soluble sugars,total chlorophyll,total phenolics,and total flavonoids were determined,which are consistent with the PSGs enrichment pathways associated with adaptive strategies in the five Thuja species.The results of this study provide an important basis for future studies on conservation genetics.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To examine if the ultra-highly diluted homeopathic remedy Thuja 30C can ameliorate benzo（a）pyrene （BaP）-induced DNA damage, stress and viability of perfused lung cells of Swiss albino mice in vitro. ME...OBJECTIVE： To examine if the ultra-highly diluted homeopathic remedy Thuja 30C can ameliorate benzo（a）pyrene （BaP）-induced DNA damage, stress and viability of perfused lung cells of Swiss albino mice in vitro. METHODS： Perfused normal lung cells from mice were cultured in 5% Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium and exposed to BaP, a potent carcinogen, at the half maximal inhibitory concentration dose （2.2 μmol/L） for 24 h. Thereafter, the intoxicated cells were either treated with Thuja 30C （used against tumor or cancer） or its vehicle media, succussed alcohol 30C. Relevant parameters of study involving reactive oxygen species （ROS） accumulation, total glutathione （GSH） content, and generations of heat shock protein （hsp）-90 were measured; the cell viability and other test parameters were measured after treatment with either Thuja 30C or its vehicle media. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was performed to examine if Thuja 30C directly interacted with calf thymus DNA as target. For ascertaining if DNA damaged by BaP could be partially repaired and restituted by the remedy, 4＇,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining was performed. RESULTS： Thuja 30C increased cell viability of BaP-intoxicated cells significantly, as compared to drug-untreated or drug-vehicle control. A minimal dose of Thuja 30C significantly inhibited BaP-induced stress level, by down-regulating ROS and hsp-90, and increasing GSH content. Thuja 30C itself had no DNA-damaging effect, and no direct drug-DNA interaction. However, it showed quite striking ability to repair DNA damage caused by BaP. CONCLUSION： Thuja 30C ameliorates BaP-induced toxicity, stress and DNA damage in perfused lung cells of mice and it apparently has no effect on normal lung cells.展开更多
There is considerable evidence from a wide range of sources,including written texts,preserved monuments,and natural plant medicines,that demonstrate the long history of humankind's search for medicinal substances ...There is considerable evidence from a wide range of sources,including written texts,preserved monuments,and natural plant medicines,that demonstrate the long history of humankind's search for medicinal substances in the natural world.The purpose of this article was to compare the performance of medicinal plant Thuja(T.)occidentalis in a variety of disease-relieving conditions.The current review draws on the work of nearly two hundred original research papers indexed in Google Scholar,ScienceDirect,and the NCBI Library.The authors gatherd all the accessible data on the therapeutic effects of T.occidentalis.Although there are no published randomized controlled trials of T.occidentalis alone so far,multiple clinical investigations have validated the therapeutic efficacy of a combination herbal medication including the extract of T.occidentalis and additional immune stimulants.T.occidentalis is a plant with great potential as it is widely used in both traditional homoeopathy and modern,evidence-based phytotherapy.In vitro and in vivo models have shown its immunopharmacological potential,including its immunostimulatory,anti-cancer,anti-bacterial,anti-fungal,and antiviral activities.More researches into these plants might be done to find out if any of them have the potential to be implemented as a novel drug to treat a wide range of conditions.展开更多
Identifying the ecological environment suitable for the growth of Thuja sutchuenensis and predicting other potential distribution areas are essential to protect this endangered species. After selecting 24 environmenta...Identifying the ecological environment suitable for the growth of Thuja sutchuenensis and predicting other potential distribution areas are essential to protect this endangered species. After selecting 24 environmental factors thatcould affect the distribution of T. sutchuenensis, including climate, topography, soil and Normalized DifferenceVegetation Index (NDVI), we adopted the Random Forest-MaxEnt integrated model to analyze our data. Basedon the Random Forest study, the contribution of the mean temperature of the warmest quarter, mean temperatureof the coldest quarter, annual mean temperature and mean temperature of the driest quarter was large. Based onMaxEnt model prediction outputs, the potential distribution map not only identified areas that originallyrecorded T. sutchuenensis, such as Xuanhan County, Kai County and Chengkou County, but also identified highlysuitable distribution areas where T. sutchuenensis may exist, including Wanyuan County, Sichuan Province, andthe junction of Chongqing and Hubei Province. This provides a more explicit geographic range for ex situ conservation and reintroduction of T. sutchuenensis. Our results also indicate that, in addition to climate factors,topography and soil factors are also important environmental factors that affect distribution. This provides a theoretical basis for subsequent laboratory construction to simulate the indoor growth of T. sutchuenensis.展开更多
: In order to develop better insights into biogeographic patterns of eastern Asian and North American disjunct plant genera, sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (nr DNA ITS) region were used...: In order to develop better insights into biogeographic patterns of eastern Asian and North American disjunct plant genera, sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (nr DNA ITS) region were used to estimate interspecific relationships of Thuja L. (Cupressaceae) and infer its biogeography based on the phylogeny. According to the phylogenetic analysis, two clades were recognized. The first clade included Thuja plicata D. Don (western North America) and T. koraiensis Nakai (northeastern Asia), and the second one contained T. occidentalis(Gord.) Carr. (Japan). The ancestral area of Thuja was inferred to be eastern Asia, and two dispersal events were responsible for the modern distribution of Thuja in North America. Both the North Atlantic land bridge and Bering land bridge were possible routes for the migration of ancestral populations to North America.展开更多
Objective‘Multi-targeting’drugs can prove fruitful to combat drug-resistance of multifactorial disease—cervical cancer.This study envisioned to reveal if Thuja homeopathic mother tincture(MT)and its bioactive compo...Objective‘Multi-targeting’drugs can prove fruitful to combat drug-resistance of multifactorial disease—cervical cancer.This study envisioned to reveal if Thuja homeopathic mother tincture(MT)and its bioactive component could combat human papillomavirus(HPV)-16-infected SiHa cervical cancer cells since it is globally acclaimed for HPV-mediated warts.Methods Thuja MT was studied for its antiproliferative and antimigratory properties in SiHa cells followed by microscopic determination of reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation by 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFDA)staining and loss in mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)by rhodamine(Rh)123 staining.Apoptosis and autophagy inductions were studied by acridine orange(AO)ethidium bromide(EB)staining and immunoblot analyses of marker proteins.The bioactive component of Thuja MT detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was studied for antiproliferative and antimigratory properties along with in silico prediction of its cellular targets by molecular docking and oral drug forming competency.Results Thuja MT showed significant antiproliferative and antimigratory potential in SiHa cells at a 50%inhibitory concentration(IC50)dosage of 17.3μL/mL.An increase in DCFDA fluorescence and loss in Rh123 fluorescence prove that Thuja MT acted through the burst of ROS and loss in MMP respectively.AO/EB-stained cells under the microscope and immunoblot analyses supported Thuja-induced cellular demise via dual pathways—apoptosis and autophagy.Immunoblots showed cleavage of caspase-3 and poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1(PARP-1)along with upregulation of Beclin-1,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B(LC3B)-II,and p62 proteins.Hence,the apoptotic cascade followed a caspase-3-dependent pathway supported by PARP-1 cleavage,while autophagic death was Beclin-1-dependent and mediated by accumulation of LC3BII and p62 proteins.Thujone,detected as the bioactive principle of Thuja MT showed greater anti-proliferative and anti-migratory potential at an IC5077μg/mL along with excellent oral drug competency with the ability for gastrointestinal absorption and blood-brain-barrier permeation with nil toxicity.Molecular docking depicted thujone with the strongest affinity for mammalian target of rapamycin,phosphoinositide 3-kinase,and protein kinase B followed by B-cell lymphoma 2,murine double minute 2 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,which might act as upstream triggers of apoptotic-autophagic crosstalk.Conclusion Robust‘multi-targeting’anticancer potential of Thuja drug and thujone for HPV-infected cervical cancer ascertain its therapeutic efficacy for HPV infections.展开更多
文摘The pollination mechanisms of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco and Thuja occidentalis L. seem to be of the same type, as based on the morphological study of the change in pollination drop, during the process of pollination. Entering the pollination drop, the pollen may alter the surface of the drop or reduce the secretion of the ovule with concomitant increase of evaporation. It has been further noticed that the dynamiechange of the drop withdrawal rate was closely associated with the different kinds of pollen received. It seemsthat the withdrawal of the pollination drop may be induced by pollen from plants consanguineous to P. orientalis, almost as effective as from pollen of P. orientalis itself and comparatively more effective than the foreignpollen received from distant plant species. The drop withdrawal could he mainly induced by the pollen that causes the reduction of ovule secretion.
文摘Thuja orientalis seeds was treated by different molecular weight, different concentra tion and different lasting time in the Seedling Laboratory of Northeast Forestry University. The results are as follows:(1) it shows sighificant promoting effects on the germination viability of seeds bydifferent molecular weight of PEG(-6000, -10000 and -20000), and PEG-10000 is the best.(2)Different on germination viability , germination rate and simple vigor index are made bydifferent concentration of the same weigh moleculart(PEG-10000), the promoting effects are shownwhen the concentration is below 30%, and from 20% to 30% is the best range, but inhibitions will beshown if the concentration is more than 35%. (3)The most suitable lasting tiem of osmose treatmentof PEG10000 ~ 20% concentration is from 2 to 4 days, not more than 6 days, but it will showsignificant inhibition if the treated time is more than 8 days. (4)The treatments of PEG10000 andPEG20000 with higher molecular weigh can increase the germination rate and seed vigor , and decrease the electric conductivity of the seed soaking liquid after the natural air-dry treatment. Thesuitable time of natural air-dry is aboul 6 to 8 hours. It is also concluded that the PEG osmose treatmat is an effective method to increase the germination rate by the field shoulation in the laboratroy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870664)the 948 Program of National Forestry and Grassland Administration(2013-4-47)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2200103)。
文摘The genus Thuja is ideal for investigating the genetic basis of the East Asia-North America disjunction.The biogeographical background of the genus is debatable and an adaptive strategy is lacking.Through the analysis and mining of comparative transcriptomes,species differentiation and positively selected genes(PSGs)were identified to provide information for understanding the environmental adaptation strategies of the genus Thuja.De novo assembly yielded 44,397-74,252 unigenes of the five Thuja species with contig N50length ranging from 1,559 to 1,724 bp.Annotations revealed a similar distribution of functional categories among them.Based on the phylogenetic trees constructed using the transcriptome data,T.sutchuenensis was divided first,followed by T.plicata and T.occidentalis.The final differentiation of T.koraiensis and T.standishii formed a clade.Enrichment analysis indicated that the PSGs of the North American Thuja species were involved in plant hormone signal transduction and carbon fixation of photosynthetic organisms pathways.The PSGs of East Asian Thuja were related to phenolic,alkaloid,and terpenoid synthesis,important stress-resistant genes and could increase plant resistance to external environmental stresses.This study discovered numerous aroma synthetic-related PSGs including terpene synthase(TPS)genes and lipid phosphate phosphatase 2(LPP2),associated with the synthetic aroma of T.sutchuenensis.Physiological indicators,such as the contents of soluble sugars,total chlorophyll,total phenolics,and total flavonoids were determined,which are consistent with the PSGs enrichment pathways associated with adaptive strategies in the five Thuja species.The results of this study provide an important basis for future studies on conservation genetics.
基金financially supported by a grant sanctioned to Prof.A.R.Khuda-Bukhsh,Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani,India,by Boiron Laboratories,Lyon, France
文摘OBJECTIVE： To examine if the ultra-highly diluted homeopathic remedy Thuja 30C can ameliorate benzo（a）pyrene （BaP）-induced DNA damage, stress and viability of perfused lung cells of Swiss albino mice in vitro. METHODS： Perfused normal lung cells from mice were cultured in 5% Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium and exposed to BaP, a potent carcinogen, at the half maximal inhibitory concentration dose （2.2 μmol/L） for 24 h. Thereafter, the intoxicated cells were either treated with Thuja 30C （used against tumor or cancer） or its vehicle media, succussed alcohol 30C. Relevant parameters of study involving reactive oxygen species （ROS） accumulation, total glutathione （GSH） content, and generations of heat shock protein （hsp）-90 were measured; the cell viability and other test parameters were measured after treatment with either Thuja 30C or its vehicle media. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was performed to examine if Thuja 30C directly interacted with calf thymus DNA as target. For ascertaining if DNA damaged by BaP could be partially repaired and restituted by the remedy, 4＇,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining was performed. RESULTS： Thuja 30C increased cell viability of BaP-intoxicated cells significantly, as compared to drug-untreated or drug-vehicle control. A minimal dose of Thuja 30C significantly inhibited BaP-induced stress level, by down-regulating ROS and hsp-90, and increasing GSH content. Thuja 30C itself had no DNA-damaging effect, and no direct drug-DNA interaction. However, it showed quite striking ability to repair DNA damage caused by BaP. CONCLUSION： Thuja 30C ameliorates BaP-induced toxicity, stress and DNA damage in perfused lung cells of mice and it apparently has no effect on normal lung cells.
文摘There is considerable evidence from a wide range of sources,including written texts,preserved monuments,and natural plant medicines,that demonstrate the long history of humankind's search for medicinal substances in the natural world.The purpose of this article was to compare the performance of medicinal plant Thuja(T.)occidentalis in a variety of disease-relieving conditions.The current review draws on the work of nearly two hundred original research papers indexed in Google Scholar,ScienceDirect,and the NCBI Library.The authors gatherd all the accessible data on the therapeutic effects of T.occidentalis.Although there are no published randomized controlled trials of T.occidentalis alone so far,multiple clinical investigations have validated the therapeutic efficacy of a combination herbal medication including the extract of T.occidentalis and additional immune stimulants.T.occidentalis is a plant with great potential as it is widely used in both traditional homoeopathy and modern,evidence-based phytotherapy.In vitro and in vivo models have shown its immunopharmacological potential,including its immunostimulatory,anti-cancer,anti-bacterial,anti-fungal,and antiviral activities.More researches into these plants might be done to find out if any of them have the potential to be implemented as a novel drug to treat a wide range of conditions.
文摘Identifying the ecological environment suitable for the growth of Thuja sutchuenensis and predicting other potential distribution areas are essential to protect this endangered species. After selecting 24 environmental factors thatcould affect the distribution of T. sutchuenensis, including climate, topography, soil and Normalized DifferenceVegetation Index (NDVI), we adopted the Random Forest-MaxEnt integrated model to analyze our data. Basedon the Random Forest study, the contribution of the mean temperature of the warmest quarter, mean temperatureof the coldest quarter, annual mean temperature and mean temperature of the driest quarter was large. Based onMaxEnt model prediction outputs, the potential distribution map not only identified areas that originallyrecorded T. sutchuenensis, such as Xuanhan County, Kai County and Chengkou County, but also identified highlysuitable distribution areas where T. sutchuenensis may exist, including Wanyuan County, Sichuan Province, andthe junction of Chongqing and Hubei Province. This provides a more explicit geographic range for ex situ conservation and reintroduction of T. sutchuenensis. Our results also indicate that, in addition to climate factors,topography and soil factors are also important environmental factors that affect distribution. This provides a theoretical basis for subsequent laboratory construction to simulate the indoor growth of T. sutchuenensis.
文摘: In order to develop better insights into biogeographic patterns of eastern Asian and North American disjunct plant genera, sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (nr DNA ITS) region were used to estimate interspecific relationships of Thuja L. (Cupressaceae) and infer its biogeography based on the phylogeny. According to the phylogenetic analysis, two clades were recognized. The first clade included Thuja plicata D. Don (western North America) and T. koraiensis Nakai (northeastern Asia), and the second one contained T. occidentalis(Gord.) Carr. (Japan). The ancestral area of Thuja was inferred to be eastern Asia, and two dispersal events were responsible for the modern distribution of Thuja in North America. Both the North Atlantic land bridge and Bering land bridge were possible routes for the migration of ancestral populations to North America.
基金This work has been funded by University Grants Commission-University with Potential for Excellence Phase II grant from Government of India(sanction No.UCC/144/UPE/ST1).
文摘Objective‘Multi-targeting’drugs can prove fruitful to combat drug-resistance of multifactorial disease—cervical cancer.This study envisioned to reveal if Thuja homeopathic mother tincture(MT)and its bioactive component could combat human papillomavirus(HPV)-16-infected SiHa cervical cancer cells since it is globally acclaimed for HPV-mediated warts.Methods Thuja MT was studied for its antiproliferative and antimigratory properties in SiHa cells followed by microscopic determination of reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation by 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFDA)staining and loss in mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)by rhodamine(Rh)123 staining.Apoptosis and autophagy inductions were studied by acridine orange(AO)ethidium bromide(EB)staining and immunoblot analyses of marker proteins.The bioactive component of Thuja MT detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was studied for antiproliferative and antimigratory properties along with in silico prediction of its cellular targets by molecular docking and oral drug forming competency.Results Thuja MT showed significant antiproliferative and antimigratory potential in SiHa cells at a 50%inhibitory concentration(IC50)dosage of 17.3μL/mL.An increase in DCFDA fluorescence and loss in Rh123 fluorescence prove that Thuja MT acted through the burst of ROS and loss in MMP respectively.AO/EB-stained cells under the microscope and immunoblot analyses supported Thuja-induced cellular demise via dual pathways—apoptosis and autophagy.Immunoblots showed cleavage of caspase-3 and poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1(PARP-1)along with upregulation of Beclin-1,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B(LC3B)-II,and p62 proteins.Hence,the apoptotic cascade followed a caspase-3-dependent pathway supported by PARP-1 cleavage,while autophagic death was Beclin-1-dependent and mediated by accumulation of LC3BII and p62 proteins.Thujone,detected as the bioactive principle of Thuja MT showed greater anti-proliferative and anti-migratory potential at an IC5077μg/mL along with excellent oral drug competency with the ability for gastrointestinal absorption and blood-brain-barrier permeation with nil toxicity.Molecular docking depicted thujone with the strongest affinity for mammalian target of rapamycin,phosphoinositide 3-kinase,and protein kinase B followed by B-cell lymphoma 2,murine double minute 2 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,which might act as upstream triggers of apoptotic-autophagic crosstalk.Conclusion Robust‘multi-targeting’anticancer potential of Thuja drug and thujone for HPV-infected cervical cancer ascertain its therapeutic efficacy for HPV infections.
