BRAF^(V600E) Mutation and Its Association with Clinicopathological Features of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

Summary： Recent studies have demonstrated that the BRAFv600E mutation is associated with aggres- sive clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma （PTC）. However, the BRAF mutation as a prognostic biomarker in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma （PTMC） is unclear. A systematic search of the electronic databases, including Medline, Scopus, CNKI and the Cochrane Library was performed up to July 1, 2014. Outcomes of interest included age, gender, concomitant hashimoto thyroiditis or nodular goiter, tumor size, pathological stage, tall cell variant of PTMC （TCVPTMC）, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension （ETE） and lymph node metastasis （LNM）. A total of 19 studies published from 2008 to 2014 comprising 2253 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were in- cluded in the meta-analysis, and 1143 （50.7%） of these patients were BRAF mutation positive. BRAF mutation was associated with larger tumor size （OR： 1.64; 95% CI： 1.16-2.32）, multifocality （OR： 1.58; 95% CI： 1.25-2.00）, ETE （OR： 2.59; 95% CI： 2.03-3.29）, LNM （OR： 1.73; 95% CI： 1.14-2.62）, advanced stage （OR： 2.03; 95% CI： 1.14-3.64） and TCVPTMC （OR： 5.07; 95% CI： 1.49-17.27; P=0.009）. Additionally, the BRAF mutation was found to be not associated with age, gender, con- comitant hashimoto thyroiditis or nodular goiter （P〉0.05 for all）. This meta-analysis revealed that in patients with PTMC, BRAF mutation is associated with tumor size, multifocality, ETE, LNM, ad- vanced stage and TCVPTMC, and it may be used as a predictive factor for prognosis of PTMC.

2016 Chinese expert consensus and guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma

The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)has exponentially increased in recent years.Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC)accounts for the majority of the reported cases of PTC.The debates and crucial issues in PTMC management have received researchers'attention.To further improve the clinical management of PTMC in China,

Thermal ablation for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: Some clarity amid controversies

The increasing incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC)has become a global challenge.Because of its indolent nature,active surveillance(AS)has been proposed as a treatment option in selected PTMC patients to prevent surgery-related complications.However,only a few patients with PTMC receive the AS approach because of the serious psychological burden following the“cancer”diagnosis and the uncertainty of the timing for metastatic dissemination.Ultrasound(US)-guided thermal ablation can bridge the gap in the treatment options of PTMC patients who wish for a minimally invasive management approach.However,it has acquired only marginal attention from the thyroid guideline societies because of concerns regarding incomplete elimination.The recently published guidelines from the European Thyroid Association-Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe and the American Head Neck Society Endocrine Section-initiated global consensus provide the most definitive evidence and essential foundational experience to address the long-term controversy over USguided thermal ablation for low-risk PTMC patient management and facilitate the responsible global dissemination of minimally invasive strategies.

Hepatopulmonary metastases from papillary thyroid microcarcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC)is the most common endocrine malignancy.Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC)accounts for the majority of PTC cases.However,concurrent pulmonary and hepatic metastases of PTMC are rarely seen.Here,we present a patient with coexisting liver and lung metastases from PTMC.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 26-year-old woman with PTMC with multiple concurrent metastases.After 3 d of unexplained fever,she was admitted to our hospital.Her thyroid functional tests were abnormal.Her positron emission tomography(PET)/magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)examination showed increased fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)metabolism and space-occupying lesions in the left lobe of the thyroid.Additionally,PET/MRI images revealed multiple nodules in the lung and liver with increased FDG metabolism.Chest computer tomography(CT)showed multiple pulmonary metastases.Abdominal ultrasound and liver MRI showed multiple space-occupying lesions in the liver.The patient underwent total thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection.Postoperative pathological analysis showed a papillary microcarcinoma multiplex in the left lobe of the thyroid.A diagnosis of hepatopulmonary metastases from papillary thyroid microcarcinoma was made.The patient was given iodine-131 treatment one year after the surgery.She recovered well after the operation,and the incision healed well.After discharge,she was treated with oral levothyroxine sodium tablets,and symptomatic and supportive treatments were also given to promote radioactive excretion and prevent bone marrow suppression by iodine-131 treatment.CONCLUSION Since patients with thyroid cancer concurrent with hepatopulmonary metastases have rarely been reported,our case will highlight the clinical and pathological profiles of these patients.

Comparative study on operative trauma between microwave ablation and surgical treatment for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma

AIM To compare the effect and postoperative trauma of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation and surgical resection in the treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC).METHODS Eighty-seven patients with PTMC treated at Fudan University affiliated Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital were enrolled as subjects. The patients were divided into a microwave ablation group(41 cases) and a surgical group(46 cases). The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, serum C-reactive protein(CRP), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), thyroid-related hormonal changes, and complications 7 d and 30 d after surgery were observed. RESULTS The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and length of hospital stay in the surgical group were significantly higher than those in the microwave ablation group(P < 0.05). The levels of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α in the surgical group were significantly higher than those in the microwave ablation group(P < 0.05). The free triiodothyronine(FT3) and free thyroxin(FT4) levels in the surgical group were significantly lower than those in the microwave ablation group(P < 0.05). However,the postoperative thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)level was significantly higher than that in the microwave ablation group(P < 0.05). There were significant interactions between the FT3, FT4, and TSH 7 d and 30 d after operation and the treatment methods(P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in the complications between the two groups(P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Microwave ablation for papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid gland has less trauma to the body, quicker recovery, and no scars. It can effectively shorten the length of hospital stay and improve the quality of life of patients.

Clinical significance of BRAF^(V600E) and TERT promoter mutation in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma

Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation between BRAF^(V600E) and TERT promoter mutations and papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) risk factors, and their importance in the risk assessment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 107 cases of PTMC, which were diagnosed after the surgery in the department of head and neck surgery in Gansu Province Tumor Hospital from October 2014to June 2016. The mutations of BRAFV^(600E) and TERT promoter were detected by PCR direct sequencing.We analyzed the data usingχ~2 test and binary Logistic regression analysis.Results Among 107 patients with PTMC, the BRAFV^(600E) and TERT promoter mutation rates were 68.2%and 11.2%, respectively. Single factor analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the presence of membrane invasion, lymph node metastasis, and BRAFV^(600E) mutations (P<0.01). The age,gender, thyroid capsular invasion, poor pathologic subtype, and lymph node metastasis of patients, was significantly associated with the TERT promoter mutation (P<0.05) and the coexistence of the BRAF^(V600E)and TERT promotor mutations; although, there was a difference between the association of these factors with the TERT promoter mutation and the association of these factors with the coexistence of the BRAF^(V600E)and TERT promotor mutations. The multifactorial analysis showed that the factors closely related to the BRAFV^(600E) mutation included capsular invasion (P=0.012) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.000). The following factors were closely associated with the TERT promoter mutant:male (P=0.004), aged <45 years(P=0.026), capsular invasion (P=0.004), pathological subtype (P=0.030), and lymph node metastasis (P=0.043). The following factors were closely related to the simultaneous mutation of BRAFV^(600E) and TERT:male (P=0.022), capsular invasion (P=0.023), poor pathological subtype (P=0.041), and lymph node metastasis (P=0.030).Conclusion The risk of recurrence increases significantly when mutations in BRAFV^(600E) and TERT promoters occur simultaneously in PTMC and may have adverse outcomes. Combined detection of BRAFV^(600E) and TERT promoter mutations is of great value in risk assessment of PTMC.

Comparative Study between Robotic Total Thyroidectomy with Central Lymph Node Dissection via Bilateral Axillo-breast Approach and Conventional Open Procedure for Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma

Background： A large proportion of the patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma are young women. Therefore, minimally invasive endoscopic thyroidectomy with central neck dissection （CND） emerged and showed well-accepted results with improved cosmetic outcome, accelerated healing, and comforting the patients. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of robotic total thyroidectomy with CND via bilateral axillo-breast approach （BABA）, compared with conventional open procedure in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Methods： One-hundred patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma from March 2014 to January 2015 in Jinan Military General Hospital of People＇s Liberation Army （PLA） were randomly assigned to robotic group or conventional open approach group （17 = 50 in each group）. The total operative time, estimated intraoperative blood loss, numbers of lymph node removed, visual analog scale （VAS）, postoperative hospital stay time, complications, and numerical scoring system （NSS, used to assess cosmetic effect） were analyzed. Results： The robotic total thyroidectomy with CND via BABA was successfully performed in robotic group. There were no conversion from the robotic surgeries to open or endoscopic surgery. The subclinical central lymph node metastasis rate was 35%. The mean operative time of the robotic group was longer than that of the conventional open approach group （118.8± 16.5 min vs. 90.7± 10.3 min, P 〈 0.05）. The study showed significant differences between the two groups in terms of the VASs （2.1 ± 1.0 vs. 3.8 ±~ 1.2, P 〈 0.05） and NSS （8.9 ± 0.8 vs. 4.8 ± 1.7, P 〈 0.05）. The differences between the two groups in the estimated intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospital stay time, numbers of lymph node removed, postoperative thyroglobulin levels, and complications were not statistically significant （all P 〉 0.05）. Neither iatrogenic implantation nor metastasis occurred in punctured porous channel or chest wall in both groups. Postoperative cosmetic results were very satisfactory in the robotic group. Conclusions： Robotic total thyroidectomy with CND via BABA is safe and effective for Chinese patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma who worry about the neck scars.

Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy for accidental papillary thyroid microcarcinoma： comparison with conventional open thyroidectomy with 5 years follow-up

Background Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy （MIVAT） has received increasing attention for malignant thyroid diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of MIVAT with conventional open thyroidectomy （CT） for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma （PTMC）. Methods Thirty-one patients were treated with MIVAT and 37 with CT. Their pathological characteristics, surgical complications, 5-year postoperative thyroglobulin （TG） and ultrasonic results were followed up. Results All the patients took levothyroxine for suppressing thyroid stimulating hormone （TSH） after surgery, and were followed up with measurement of serum TG and neck ultrasonography at intervals of 6 or 12 months. There was no statistically significant difference between the CT and MIVAT groups for sex ratio, operation time, positive lymph nodes, complications and prognosis, but the MIVAT group had better cosmetic results. Conclusions MIVAT did not differ significantly from CT for PTMC after 5 years follow-up, but it did have better cosmetic results. MIVAT is a safe and valid surgical technique for selected cases.

基于超声造影特征构建列线图预测甲状腺微小乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移风险

目的通过分析甲状腺微小乳头状癌(papillary thyroid microcarcinoma,PTMC)患者临床资料、结节超声和超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasound,CEUS)特征建立预测颈淋巴结转移(lymph node metastasis,LNM)风险的列线图模型,为合理规范的临床决策提供依据。方法回顾性分析2020年12月1日至2021年12月31日在新疆医科大学第一附属医院行甲状腺手术治疗的PTMC患者404个结节临床资料,应用随机函数按照7∶3分为建模组(n=282)与验证组(n=122)。应用Logistic回归分析筛选PTMC颈淋巴结转移的独立相关因素,构建列线图,以曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)评估模型诊断效能,应用验证组数据进行外部验证。结果构建模型显示结节边缘、声晕、多灶性、包膜下生长或侵犯包膜、消退模式是颈淋巴结转移的危险因素(P<0.05);建模组AUC为0.747(0.690~0.804),最佳cut-off值为0.430,灵敏度0.65,特异度0.73;验证组AUC为0.778(0.697~0.860),最佳cut-off值为0.419,灵敏度0.64,特异度0.81。结论本研究构建的列线图可个体化预测PTMC颈淋巴结转移的风险,超声和超声造影特征有助于指导高风险人群的临床决策。

CircRNA_000121在伴有颈部淋巴结转移的甲状腺微小乳头状癌中的表达

目的 研究伴有颈部淋巴结转移的甲状腺微小乳头状癌(Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, PTMC)中circRNA_000121表达情况。方法 以2022年1-4月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院血管甲状腺外科住院的60例患者作为研究对象。其中,PTMC伴有颈部淋巴结转移(中央区)[PTMC(L)组]患者30例,PTMC不伴有淋巴结转移(PTMC组)患者30例。收集所有患者术前外周血标本、术中甲状腺癌组织及一般资料。通过qRT-PCR检测2组患者血液和组织标本circRNA_000121、miR-146b-3p和MMP2的表达量。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析circRNA_000121对甲状腺微小乳头状癌是否伴有颈部淋巴结转移的诊断价值。采用二分类Logistic回归分析circRNA-000121与miR-146b-3p、miR-146b-3p与MMP2在PTMC外周血标本、组织标本中的表达水平与淋巴结转移的相关性。结果 qRT-PCR结果显示,与PTMC组患者比较,PTMC(L)组患者的外周血和组织标本中circRNA_000121、MMP2呈高表达,miRNA-146b-3p呈低表达,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。经ROC分析结果显示,外周血曲线下面积(AUC)为0.964,置信区间(95%CI)0.915~1.000,灵敏度0.933,特异度1.000;组织标本AUC为0.943,置信区间(95%CI)0.874~1.000,灵敏度0.900,特异度0.967。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,circRNA_000121、miRNA-146b-3p、MMP2在外周血和癌组织中的表达均与淋巴结转移相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CircRNA_000121在PTMC(L)患者甲状腺癌组织标本中呈高表达,与外周血表达一致,circRNA_000121在PTMC发生淋巴结转移预测方面有一定作用,其有望成为PTMC发生颈部淋巴结转移的生物学标记物。

单发甲状腺微小乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素分析

目的:探讨影响单发甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的单发PTMC病人癌结节的超声特征和颈部淋巴结转移的关系,并分析PTMC颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果:119例PTMC病人中,无颈部淋巴结转移者86例(72.3%),颈部淋巴结转移者33例(27.7%)。观察组男性比例高于对照组(P<0.05),年龄明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。PTMC结节的超声特征中,2组癌结节最大径、血流丰富、突破包膜差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。logistic回归分析显示,年龄、癌结节最大径、突破包膜是PTMC颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素(P<0.01)。ROC曲线分析显示,年龄预测PTMC颈部淋巴结转移的诊断截点为43.5岁,AUC为0.769(95%CI:0.669~0.869),敏感度为66.7%,特异度为80.2%;癌结节最大径预测PTMC颈部淋巴结转移的诊断截点为6.5 mm,AUC为0.801(95%CI:0.719~0.882),敏感度为81.8%,特异度为66.3%。结论:PTMC病人的年龄、部分超声特征和颈部淋巴结转移存在一定相关性,对PTMC的临床治疗有一定参考作用。

男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌临床特点及中央区淋巴结转移危险因素分析

目的分析男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌的临床特点,并探讨其发生中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素。方法回顾分析2018年1月—2022年12月我科收治的首次手术治疗的甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者共743例,男性152例作为研究组,女性591例作为对照组,比较2组患者的临床病理资料,并使用单因素和多因素统计学方法分析男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果2组患者年龄、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤多灶性、肿瘤分布及颈侧区淋巴结转移差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),2组患者肿瘤包膜侵犯、合并桥本甲状腺炎及中央区淋巴结转移情况差异均具有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。单因素分析显示肿瘤最大径>5 mm、多灶、双侧分布、有包膜侵犯为男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素,二元logistic多因素回归分析显示肿瘤最大径>5 mm、包膜侵犯为男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者发生中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论相对于女性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者,男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者更易出现包膜侵犯,中央区淋巴结转移率更高。临床对于肿瘤最大径>5 mm、有包膜侵犯的男性甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者要尤为重视中央区淋巴结的清扫。

超声及血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363联合诊断PTMC颈部淋巴结转移的临床价值

目的 研究超声及血清细胞角蛋白19(CK-19)、半乳糖凝集素3(Galectin-3)及微小核糖核酸-363(miRNA-363)联合诊断甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)颈部淋巴结转移(CLNM)的临床价值。方法 回顾性选取2021年7月至2023年6月在天津市环湖医院诊断的PTMC患者92例纳入研究组,选择同期本院收治的结节性微小甲状腺肿患者92例纳入对照组。观察两组病灶情况及超声特点;比较两组血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363水平,研究组是否发生CLNM患者病灶超声特点及血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363水平。分析PTMC~CLNM超声特点与血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363水平的相关性。结果 研究组多枚病灶、病灶>0.5 mm、病灶纵横比≥1、病灶形态不规则、病灶边缘模糊、病灶微钙化、病灶低回声、淋巴结肿大占比分别为70.65%、71.74%、82.61%、61.96%、72.83%、80.43%、84.78%、70.65%,均大于对照组(31.52%、52.17%、27.17%、25.00%、19.57%、15.22%、66.30%、22.83%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组血清CK-19、Galectin-3水平分别为(30.45±3.31)、(4.68±0.48)μg/L,均高于对照组[(7.05±0.73)、(1.72±0.19)μg/L],血清miRNA-363水平为(2.89±0.30) fmol/L,低于对照组[(4.30±0.46) fmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组发生CLNM患者多枚病灶、病灶形态不规则、病灶边缘模糊、病灶微钙化、淋巴结肿大占比分别为90.91%、86.36%、95.45%、100.00%、90.91%,均大于未发生CLNM患者(64.29%、54.29%、0、25.00%、64.29%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组发生CLNM患者血清CK-19、Galectin-3水平(41.20±4.42)、(5.94±0.62)μg/L,均高于未发生CLNM患者[(24.36±2.71)、(3.25±0.34)μg/L],血清miRNA-363水平为(2.14±0.23) fmol/L,低于未发生CLNM患者[(3.46±0.36) fmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Pearson相关分析,CLNM患者多枚病灶、病灶形态不规则、病灶边缘模糊、淋巴结肿大及血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363水平均与CLNM呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 超声及血清CK-19、Galectin-3、miRNA-363联合诊断PTMC~CLNM具有较高的临床价值。

单侧多灶性甲状腺微小乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移预测因素的临床分析

目的 探讨单侧多灶性甲状腺微小乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移的预测因素。方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2020年1月哈尔滨医科大学附属二院收治的458例单侧多灶性甲状腺微小乳头状癌的临床数据。通过单因素和多因素logistic回归分析颈部中央区和颈侧区淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果 单因素分析表明,颈部中央区淋巴结转移情况在肿瘤直径和、腺体外侵袭和桥本氏甲状腺炎方面比较,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。颈侧区淋巴结转移情况在肿瘤最大直径、肿瘤直径和以及中央区淋巴结转移方面比较,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。多因素分析表明,桥本氏甲状腺炎是中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(P<0.01);肿瘤直径和以及中央区淋巴结转移是颈侧区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(均P<0.01)。结论单侧多灶性甲状腺微小乳头状癌中,桥本氏甲状腺炎是中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素,肿瘤直径和以及中央区淋巴结转移是颈侧区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。

微小甲状腺乳头状癌组织中Ⅲ类β-微管蛋白表达与临床病理特征的关系

目的探究微小甲状腺乳头状癌组织中Ⅲ类β-微管蛋白(TUBB3)表达与临床病理特征的关系。方法收集2016年8月—2018年12月本院手术治疗留取的100例微小甲状腺乳头状癌组织及100例结节性甲状腺肿组织标本,采用免疫组化法检测TUBB3、E-钙黏蛋白(ECAD)和波形蛋白(VIMENTIN)表达情况,分析TUBB3与ECAD、VIMETIN表达及甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)临床病理特征的关系。结果微小甲状腺乳头状癌组织中TUBB3、VIMENTIN阳性表达率明显高于结节性甲状腺肿组织,ECAD阳性表达率明显低于结节性甲状腺肿组织(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析显示,微小甲状腺乳头状癌组织中TUBB3表达与ECAD呈负相关,与VIMENTIN呈正相关(P<0.001);存在淋巴结转移、神经侵犯、脉管侵犯、被膜侵犯及肿瘤出芽率高患者TUBB3表达阳性率高于无淋巴结转移、神经侵犯、脉管侵犯、被膜侵犯及肿瘤出芽率低者(P<0.05);经术后3年随访,TUBB3阳性表达患者无疾病生存率低于TUBB3阴性表达者(P<0.05);多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,存在被膜侵犯、高肿瘤出芽率和TUBB3阳性表达是PTMC患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论TUBB3在微小甲状腺乳头状癌组织中表达升高,可能作用于上皮-间质转化过程促进肿瘤转移复发,影响预后。

多模态超声在评估甲状腺微小乳头状癌颈部中央区淋巴结转移中的价值

目的:评估多模态超声预测甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)颈部中央区淋巴结转移的有效性。方法:收集110例PTMC患者的临床指标和多模态超声特征,并与颈部中央区淋巴结转移行单因素及多因素分析。结果:<42岁、男性PTMC患者更易发生颈部中央区淋巴结转移(均P<0.05);结节最大截面横径≥0.52 cm或纵径≥0.66 cm是PTMC发生颈部中央区淋巴结转移的高危因素(均P<0.01);微钙化和弹性评分≥4分的PTMC患者更易发生颈部中央区淋巴结转移(均P<0.01)。多因素分析显示,仅微钙化是PTMC颈部中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论:对结节内伴微钙化的PTMC患者,应加强颈部中央区淋巴结的术前评估和术中治疗。

甲状腺微小乳头状癌适形切除术可行性的探讨:单中心10年随访结果报告

低风险甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC),定义为不伴有淋巴结转移、远处转移、甲状腺外浸润、高危亚型、气管或喉返神经浸润的PTMC。手术干预,如腺叶切除术或甲状腺全切除术,是PTMC的主要治疗方式。本研究纳入了124例接受甲状腺适形切除术的患者,其可获得不劣于腺叶切除术或甲状腺全切除术的远期肿瘤结果。该术式或可成为未来的PTMC诊疗的一部分,PTMC精准医疗需依赖基因检测、分子分型等技术早期识别淋巴结微浸润等高风险因素,实现生物学外科理念的整合。

超声引导下射频消融与全腔镜下甲状腺根治术对甲状腺微小乳头状癌的临床效果比较

目的比较超声引导下射频消融(RFA)治疗与全腔镜下甲状腺根治术治疗甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)的临床效果。方法选取60例PTMC患者,随机分为消融组和腔镜组,各30例。其中腔镜组(全腔镜下甲状腺根治术),消融组(超声引导下RFA)。比较2组手术的相关指标(住院时间、术中出血量、手术时间及术后疼痛程度),甲状腺激素水平[游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)],炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)]及并发症发生情况。结果消融组住院时间、术中出血量、手术时间及术后疼痛程度明显低于腔镜组(P<0.05);消融组手术前后血清FT3、FT4、TSH水平比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。与术前比较,腔镜组术后血清FT3、FT4水平均明显降低(P<0.05),且腔镜组明显低于消融组(P<0.05);腔镜组术后血清TSH水平明显升高(P<0.05),且腔镜组明显高于消融组(P<0.05)。与术前比较,2组术后血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平均明显降低(P<0.05),但消融组明显低于腔镜组(P<0.05)。2组并发症发生率比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论与全腔镜下甲状腺根治术相比,超声引导下RFA治疗PTMC能够更加有效地降低炎症反应,促进恢复,减少术中出血量,保留甲状腺功能,创伤更小,安全有效。

Active surveillance in low risk papillary thyroid carcinoma

In recent decades,while the incidence of thyroid cancer has increased exponentially around the world,mortality has remained stable.The vast majority of this increase is attributable to the identification of intrathyroidal papillary microcarcinomas,which exhibit slow growth rates with indolent courses.A diagnosis of thyroid cancer based upon the presence of these small tumors could be considered as an overdiagnosis,as the majority of these tumors would not likely result in death if left untreated.Although surgical resection was the classical standard therapy for papillary microcarcinomas,active surveillance(AS)has emerged over the last three decades as an alternative approach that is aimed to recognize a minority group of patients who will clinically progress and would likely benefit from rescue surgery.Despite the encouraging results of AS,its implementation in clinical practice is strongly influenced by psychosocial factors.The aim of this review is to describe the epidemiology,clinical evolution,prognostic factors,and mortality of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas.We also summarize the AS strategy according to published evidence,characterize the criteria for selecting patients for AS according to risk factors and environmental characteristics,as well as analyze the current limitations for AS implementation.

老年甲状腺微小乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移规律研究进展

随着世界人口老龄化日益严重,老年人在甲状腺微小乳头状癌(PTMC)中的比例逐渐增加。PTMC治疗方案的选择可直接影响预后与生活质量,而术前准确评估是否存在淋巴结转移是影响治疗决策及预后的关键因素。目前临床主要应用超声评估淋巴结状态,其准确性较低,故对老年PTMC淋巴结转移规律进行研究尤为重要。本文对PTMC患者淋巴结转移的相关风险因素作一综述,以期为老年PTMC患者的治疗提供临床依据。