Endoscopic ultrasonography-related diagnostic accuracy and clinical significance on small rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms

This research aimed to examine the diagnostic accuracy and clinical significance of endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)in the context of small rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs).A total of 108 patients with rectal subepithelial lesions(SELs)with a diameter of<20 mm were included in the analysis.The diagnosis and depth assessment of EUS was compared to the histology findings.The prevalence of NENs in rectal SELs was 78.7%(85/108).The sensitivity of EUS in detecting rectal NENs was 98.9%(84/85),while the specificity was 52.2%(12/23).Overall,the diagnostic accuracy of EUS in identifying rectal NENs was 88.9%(96/108).The overall accuracy rate for EUS in assessing the depth of invasion in rectal NENs was 92.9%(78/84).Therefore,EUS demonstrates reasonable diagnostic accuracy in detecting small rectal NENs,with good sensitivity but inferior specificity.EUS may also assist physicians in assessing the depth of invasion in small rectal NENs before endoscopic excision.

Synchronous multiple primary malignant neoplasms in breast,kidney,and bilateral thyroid:A case report

BACKGROUND Multiple primary malignant neoplasms(MPMNs)are rare,while synchronous MPMNs(SMPMNs)are even less common.Owing to the progression of medical technology and the extension of life expectancy,its incidence is gradually increasing.CASE SUMMARY Although reports of breast and thyroid dual cancers are common,cases of an additional diagnosis of kidney primary cancer within the same individual are rare.CONCLUSION We present a case of simultaneous MPMN of three endocrine organs,reviewing the relevant literature to enhance our understanding of SMPMNs while emphasizing the increasingly important need for accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary management whenever this challenging situation arises.

基于AI-SONIC^(TM) Thyroid 5.3.3.0的超声图像分析对甲状腺结节恶性风险的预测价值

目的探讨基于超声人工智能(AI)系统AI-SONIC^(TM)Thyroid 5.3.3.0的图像分析在甲状腺结节恶性风险评估中的应用价值。方法选取2019年4月至2021年1月海军军医大学(第二军医大学)第二附属医院收治的453例甲状腺结节患者,共573枚甲状腺结节。以术后病理结果为金标准,通过χ^(2)检验和ROC曲线评估术前AI系统检查对不同性别分组、不同年龄分组及不同结节大小分组的甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断效能,并通过De Long检验比较术前AI系统检查与不同年资超声医师术前应用常规超声检查鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的效能。结果在术前检查的573枚甲状腺结节中,术后病理证实为恶性411枚(76.5%)、良性162枚(23.5%)。低年资超声医师应用常规超声检查鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为85.2%(350/411)、55.6%(90/162)、76.8%(440/573),AUC为0.721(95%CI 0.672~0.771);高年资超声医师鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为93.9%(386/411)、74.1%(120/162)、88.3%(506/573),AUC为0.865(95%CI 0.825~0.904);AI系统鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为92.5%(380/411)、69.1%(112/162)、85.9%(492/573),AUC为0.809(95%CI 0.764~0.854)。De Long检验结果显示,AI系统鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的AUC高于低年资超声医师(P=0.032),与高年资超声医师之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。按不同性别、不同年龄分组,AI系统鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的准确度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);按不同结节大小分组,结节最大直径为10~<15 mm时AI系统鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的AUC最大,为0.882(95%CI 0.723~0.916)。结论AI-SONICTMThyroid 5.3.3.0可识别甲状腺结节的良性和恶性声像特征,其诊断效能接近高年资超声医师,有望成为术前预测甲状腺结节恶性风险的实用工具。

Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography for rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms

AIM: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and the differential diagnosis of rectal NENs from other subepithelial lesions (SELs).

Association of autoimmune thyroid disease with type 1 diabetes mellitus and its ultrasonic diagnosis and management

As a common hyperglycemic disease,type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is a complicated disorder that requires a lifelong insulin supply due to the immunemediated destruction of pancreaticβcells.Although it is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder,T1DM is often associated with multiple other autoimmune disorders.The most prevalent concomitant autoimmune disorder occurring in T1DM is autoimmune thyroid disease(AITD),which mainly exhibits two extremes of phenotypes:hyperthyroidism[Graves'disease(GD)]and hypothyroidism[Hashimoto's thyroiditis,(HT)].However,the presence of comorbid AITD may negatively affect metabolic management in T1DM patients and thereby may increase the risk for potential diabetes-related complications.Thus,routine screening of thyroid function has been recommended when T1DM is diagnosed.Here,first,we summarize current knowledge regarding the etiology and pathogenesis mechanisms of both diseases.Subsequently,an updated review of the association between T1DM and AITD is offered.Finally,we provide a relatively detailed review focusing on the application of thyroid ultrasonography in diagnosing and managing HT and GD,suggesting its critical role in the timely and accurate diagnosis of AITD in T1DM.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic findings of serum amyloid A-positive hepatocellular neoplasm: Does hepatocellular adenoma arise in cirrhotic liver?

Hepatocellular adenoma(HCA) was recently classified into four pathological subtypes. There have been few studies describing the findings of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) of each type. Our case concerns a 78-year-old man who had undergone routine medical check-ups for hepatitis C for 11 years. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a 28 mm, hypo-echoic mass in the segment 4 of the liver. His integrating amount of drinking was 670 kg convert into ethanol. CEUS with Sonazoid demonstrated mild uniform hypo-enhancement with inflow of microbubbles from the periphery of the tumor in the arterial phase, and heterogeneously hypo-enhancement in the post vascular phase. Because the mass increased in size within 3 mo, a well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma was suspected, and hepatic resection was performed. Microscopic findings showed homogeneous cell proliferation with low grade atypia, infiltration of inflammatory cells, ductular reactions, fatty deposit in part, and sinusoidal dilation. Immunohistochemistry revealed geographic positive for serum amyloid A(SAA), focal positive for glutaminesynthetase, diffuse and strong positive for C-reactive protein, and positive for liver-type fatty acid binding protein. These pathological features corresponded to that of an inflammatory HCA. However, we could not make a clear diagnosis, because HCAs were defined as not to arise in cirrhotic liver. Finally, this tumor was diagnosed as a SAA positive hepatocellular neoplasm.

Systematic review of ablative therapy for the treatment of renal allograft neoplasms

BACKGROUND To date,there are no guidelines on the treatment of solid neoplasms in the transplanted kidney.Historically,allograft nephrectomy has been considered the only reasonable option.More recently,nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) and ablative therapy (AT) have been proposed as alternative procedures in selected cases.AIM To review outcomes of AT for the treatment of renal allograft tumours.METHODS We conducted a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2009 Checklist.PubMed was searched in March 2019 without time restrictions for all papers reporting on radiofrequency ablation (RFA),cryoablation (CA),microwave ablation (MWA),high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU),and irreversible electroporation (IRE) of solid tumours of the kidney allograft.Only original manuscripts describing actual cases and edited in English were considered.All relevant articles were accessed in full text.Additional searches included all pertinent references.Selected studies were also assessed for methodological quality using a tool based on a modification of the Newcastle Ottawa scale.Data on recipient characteristics,transplant characteristics,disease characteristics,treatment protocols,and treatment outcomes were extracted and analysed.Given the nature and the quality of the studies available (mostly retrospective case reports and small retrospective uncontrolled case series),a descriptive summary was provided.RESULTS Twenty-eight relevant studies were selected describing a total of 100 AT procedures in 92 patients.Recipient age at diagnosis ranged from 21 to 71 years whereas time from transplant to diagnosis ranged from 0.1 to 312 mo.Most of the neoplasms were asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally during imaging carried out for screening purposes or for other clinical reasons.Preferred diagnostic modality was Doppler-ultrasound scan followed by computed tomography scan,and magnetic resonance imaging.Main tumour types were: papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and clear cell RCC.Maximal tumour diameter ranged from 5 to 55 mm.The vast majority of neoplasms were T1a N0 M0 with only 2 lesions staged T1b N0 M0.Neoplasms were managed by RFA (n = 78),CA (n = 15),MWA (n = 3),HIFU (n = 3),and IRE (n = 1).Overall,3 episodes of primary treatment failure were reported.A single case of recurrence was identified.Follow-up ranged from 1 to 81 mo.No cancer-related deaths were observed.Complication rate was extremely low (mostly < 10%).Graft function remained stable in the majority of recipients.Due to the limited sample size,no clear benefit of a single procedure over the other ones could be demonstrated.CONCLUSION AT for renal allograft neoplasms represents a promising alternative to radical nephrectomy and NSS in carefully selected patients.Properly designed clinical trials are needed to validate this therapeutic approach.

Localized type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis superimposed upon preexisting intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms

A 70-year-old woman was found to have 2 cystic lesions in the head of the pancreas on abdominal ultrasonography during a routine medical examination.Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed multilocular cysts in the head of the pancreas without dilation of the main pancreatic duct.The patient was followed-up semiannually with imaging studies for suspected branch duct-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN).At 3 years after initial presentation,hypoechoic lesions were observed around each pancreatic cyst by EUS.Diffusion-weighted imaging showed high-intensity regions corresponding to these lesions.Therefore,a diagnosis of invasive carcinoma derived from IPMN could not be excluded,and subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed.The macroscopic examination of the surgical specimen showed whitish solid masses in the head of the pancreas,with multilocular cysts within each mass.Microscopically,each solid mass consisted of inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes and plasma cells.Furthermore,immunochemical staining revealed immunoglobulin G4-positive cells,and many obliterating phlebitides were observed.The cysts consisted of mucus-producing epithelial cells and showed a papillary growth pattern.Based on these findings,we diagnosed multiple localized type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis occurring only in the vicinity of the branch ducttype IPMN.

Differential diagnosis of benign and malignant branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm using contrastenhanced endoscopic ultrasonography

AIM: To elucidate the role of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography(CE-EUS) in the diagnosis of branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(BD-IPMN).METHODS: A total of 50 patients diagnosed with BDIPMN by computed tomography(CT) and endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) at our institute were included in this study. CE-EUS was performed when mural lesions were detected by EUS. The diagnostic accuracy for identifying mural nodules(MNs) was evaluated by CT, EUS, and EUS combined with CE-EUS. In the patients who underwent resection, the accuracy of measuring MN height with each imaging modality was compared. The cut-off values to diagnose malignant BD-IPMNs based on MN height for each imaging modality were determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.RESULTS: Fifteen patients were diagnosed with BD-IPMN with MNs and underwent resection. The remaining 35 patients were diagnosed with BD-IPMN without MNs and underwent follow-up monitoring. The pathological findings revealed 14 cases with MNs and one case without. The accuracy for diagnosing MNs was 92% using CT and 72% using EUS; the diagnostic accuracy increased to 98% when EUS and CE-EUS were combined. The accuracy for measuring MN height significantly improved when using CE-EUS compared with using CT or EUS(median measurement error value, CT: 3.3 mm vs CE-EUS: 0.6 mm, P < 0.05; EUS: 2.1 mm vs CE-EUS: 0.6 mm, P < 0.01). A cut-off value of 8.8 mm for MN height as measured by CE-EUS improved the accuracy of diagnosing malignant BDIPMN to 93%. CONCLUSION: Using CE-EUS to measure MN height provides a highly accurate method for differentiating benign from malignant BD-IPMN.

Factors influencing postoperative anxiety and depression following Iodine-131 treatment in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer:A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC)often seriously impacts patients’lives.Radionuclide Iodine-131(131I)is widely used in treating patients with DTC.However,most patients know little about radionuclide therapy,and the treatment needs to be performed in a special isolation ward,which can cause anxiety and depression.AIM To explore anxiety and depression status and their influencing factors after 131I treatment in patients with DTC.METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted among postoperative patients with DTC who received 131I treatment at our hospital from June 2020 to December 2022.General patient data were collected using a self-administered demographic characteristics questionnaire.The self-rating depression scale and self-rating anxiety scale were used to determine whether patients were worried about their symptoms and the degree of anxiety and depression.The patients were categorized into anxiety,non-anxiety,depression,and non-depression groups.Singlevariable and multiple-variable analyses were used to determine the risk factors for anxiety and depression in patients with thyroid cancer after surgery.RESULTS A total of 144 patients were included in this study.The baseline mean score of self-rating anxiety and depression scales were 50.06±16.10 and 50.96±16.55,respectively.Notably,48.62%(70/144)had anxiety and 47.22%(68/144)of the patients had depression.Sex,age,education level,marital status,household income,underlying diseases,and medication compliance significantly differed among groups(P<0.05).Furthermore,multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that education level,per capita monthly household income,and medication compliance level affected anxiety(P=0.015,0.001,and 0.001 respectively).Patient’s sex,marital status,and underlying diseases affected depression(P=0.007,0.001,and 0.009,respectively).CONCLUSION Nursing interventions aiming at reducing the risk of anxiety and depression should target unmarried female patients with low education level,low family income,underlying diseases,and poor adherence to medications.

Long-term growth of intrahepatic papillary neoplasms: A case report

BACKGROUND Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a type of tumor that presents in the intra- or extrahepatic bile ducts. Cystic-type intrahepatic IPNB often mimics simple liver cysts, making the diagnosis difficult. Because the growth of IPNB is slow, careful follow-up and timely therapeutic intervention is recommended. There are few reports with a follow-up period longer than a decade;thus, we report the case of a patient with an IPNB that grew for over 13 years. CASE SUMMARY A 65-year-old man was diagnosed, 13 years prior with a cystic hepatic tumor with abnormal imaging findings. The targeted tumor biopsy results showed no malignancy. Biannual follow-up examinations were performed because of the potential for malignancy. The cystic lesions showed gradual enlargement over 11 years and a 4 mm papillary proliferation appeared on the cyst wall, which is compatible with IPNB. The tumor was observed for another 2 years because of the patient’s wishes. The imaging findings showed enlargement to 8 mm and a new 9 mm papillary proliferation of the cystic tumor. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography showed hyperenhancement during the arterial phase in both cyst walls, indicating intraductal tumor progression in both tumors. Thus, liver segment 8 subsegmentectomy was performed. The pathological findings indicated that the tumors contained mucin, and high-grade atypia was observed in the papillary lesions, showing IPNB.CONCLUSION The development of IPNB should be monitored in patients with cystic lesions and ultrasonography are useful tool for the evaluation.

Pancreatic cancer screening in patients with presumed branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms

Because delayed diagnosis is one of the causes of poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC), early detection is a key for overall improvement of prognosis. Towards this end, periodic screening is recommended for individuals considered high-risk for PDAC. Advances in diagnostic imaging modalities have increased the frequency of incidental findings of pancreatic cysts,including the intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN)-a major risk factor of PDAC, having 1% annual prevalence of concomitance with IPMN.Proper retainment of patients with IPMN and regular follow-up by routine imaging examination will likely improve early detection and better prognosis of PDAC. Unfortunately, current guidelines only address management of PDAC derived from IPMN and overlook PDAC concomitant with IPMN. Screening of patients with IPMN, by endoscopic ultrasonography(currently the most reliable modality for detecting small PDAC), may facilitate early detection of both IPMNderived and-concomitant PDAC. Prospective studies to evaluate the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography in screening of IPMN-concomitant PDAC will also help in determining the optimal surveillance strategy for more widespread applications.

Graves' Disease Thyroid Color-Flow Doppler Ultrasonography Assessment: Review Article

Graves’ disease, as known today, is an autoimmune, diffuse, chronic disease of thyroid gland, as described by Robert Graves in 1835. It presents genetic predisposition and unknown etiology evidence, which is influenced in its development by several factors, including environment (dietary iodine intake, stress, drugs and infections). The disease is characterized by one or more changes: hyperthyroidism, goiter, ophthalmopathy, skin changes and pretibial myxedema, around 5% less common, and other symptoms 90% to 95%. One of the most relevant clinical practice aspects in Graves’ disease patients management is to distinguish Graves’ disease in initial phase, from other types of destructive thyrotoxicosis, in addition to evaluate therapeutic methods and efficient follow up, as well as predict early recurrence or remission of disease. Scintigraphy with pertechnetate (99 mTc) and TSH levels dosage are considered the choice for this purpose. However, they present some technical difficulties, as they are not widely available and have contraindications. In this scenario, thyroid color-flow doppler ultrasonography (US Doppler) presents a viable alternative, as a widely available, low cost, non-invasive and radiation free method, providing initial diagnosis and patients with Graves’ disease follow up. In adittion, this method is used in differential diagnosis with other causes of thyrotoxicosis in the early stage.

Clinical Examination and Ultrasonography as Predictors of Lateral Neck Lymph Nodes Metastasis in Primary Well Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

Background: Lateral neck dissection is risky and should be performed only as a therapeutic intervention for known disease. Aim of the Study: This study aims at finding predictors which help in selecting patients who have high risk of lymph node metastasis. Methods: All the patients with well differentiated thyroid cancer underwent thyroidectomy with lateral lymph nodes (LNs) dissection with available pathology report and sufficient data have been included in the study. Results: Sixty nine patients have been included in this study. In multivariate analysis, the most reliable and significant factors for detecting L.N. involvement were the clinical picture and the U/S appearance of the Neck with P value of (0.008) and (0.001) respectively. Conclusion: Clinical and U/S examinations are the most independent and reliable factors to detect lateral neck lymph nodes involvement.

Ultrasonographic Characteristics of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas

Objective To analyze the clinical and ultrasonographic imaging features of intraductal papillary mutinous neoplasm （1PMN） of the pancreas. Methods Twelve patients with IPMN underwent surgery between May 2005 and December 2008, including 4 （33.3%） with adenoma and 8 （66.7%） with adenocarcinoma. IPMN was classified preoperatively into 3 types based on sonographic findings of different sites： main duct, branch duct, and combined type. All clinical presentations and ultrasonographic findings of those paticnts were reviewed and the correlation be- tween ultrasonographic hndings and histopathological results was analyzed. Results There were 9 men and 3 women with a mean age of 60.1±9.6 years （range, 32-73）. OF all the 12 patients with IPMN, 9 （75.0%） had experienced some symptoms of epigastric discomfort and/or pain as cell as backache; 7 cases were with medical history of acute pancreatitis, 5 cases with diabetes, 4 cases with elevated CA19-9, and 2 cases with steatorrhea. All lesions of IPMN have been revealed by transabdominal ul- trasonography. The mean diameters of the lesions were 1.4±0.8 cm （range, 0.5-2.0） and 6.3±6.0 cm （range, 2.0-20.0） in adenomas and adenocarcinomas, respectively. And the mean diameters of the main duct in adelnomas and adenocarcinomas were 1.0±0.8 cm and 1.6±1.0 cm, respectively. Among the 4 adnomas, 3 （75.0%） cases were classified as branch type based on sonographic findings, and 2 were demonstrated as mural nodules in which no color signals was detected. Among the 8 adenocarcinomas, 5 （62.5%） cases were classifled as main duct type, and 3 （37.5%） as combined type. In 7 of the 8 adcnocarcinomas, mural nodules were detected within the dilated ducts or cysts of the lesions in which color flow signals were detected. Conclusions Transabdominal ultrasonography can reveal the pancreatic cystic lesions of IPMN as well as dilated pancreatic： ducts. Some characteristics should be noticed as suggesting the possibility of malignancy： clinical symptoms of pancreatic insufficiency, large tumor size, and mural nodules with color Doppler flow signals. Transabdominal ultrasonography could be a useful tool to help diagnose and make appropriate management of IPMN.

Expressions and clinical significances of mannose-binding lectin(MBL) and MBL-associated serine protease 2(MASP-2) in patients with thyroid neoplasm

Objective： The aim of the study was to detect the levels of mannose-binding lectin （MBL）, MBL-associated serine protease 2 （MASP-2） and explore the clinical significances of them in patients with primary thyroid neoplasms. Methods： By using ELISA method, we detected the serum levels of MBL and MASP-2 in 26 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma （PTC）, 30 patients with thyroid adenoma （TA） and 26 healthy people, respectively. Results： Serum MBL level was （565.23 ± 76.70） μg/L in PTCs higher than （324.267 ±24.74） μg/L in TAs, and （152.69± 16.95） IJg/L in healthy of controlling group. There was statistical significance between PTC and TA （P 〈 0.05）, however there was no difference between TA and healthy （P 〉 0.05）. Serum MASP-2 level was （726.153± 78.88） pg/L in PTCs higher than （379.266 ± 30.26） μg/L in TAs, and （203.846 ± 29.09） μg/L in healthy. Serum MASP-2 level was higher in PTCs than TAs, and the difference had statistical significance （P 〈 0.01）. But no difference was observed between in TAs and healthy. Conclusion： These findings might reflect inflammatory processes induced by defense mechanisms, in response to the development of the turnout. MBL may also be involved in the elimination of possible tumourigenic pathogens.

Correlation of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography parameters of thyroid cancer with the expression of proliferation, invasion and autophagy genes in the lesions

Objective: To explore the correlation of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography parameters of thyroid cancer with the expression of proliferation, invasion and autophagy genes in the lesions. Methods: A total of 218 patients who underwent thyroid nodule resection in this hospital between December 2014 and January 2017 were collected and divided into the thyroid adenoma group (n=129) and the thyroid cancer group (n=89) according to the pathological results. The preoperative CEUS parameter levels of thyroid cancer were reviewed, and the expression levels of proliferation, invasion and autophagy genes in tumor tissues were compared between the two groups. Pearson test was used to evaluate the correlation between the CEUS parameter levels of cancerous thyroid nodule and the malignant biological behaviors of cancer cells. Results: PI, TTP and MTT levels in thyroid cancer group were lower than those in thyroid adenoma group;PDCD4 and PP4R1 mRNA expression in tumor tissues of thyroid cancer group were lower than those of thyroid adenoma group whereas TPX2 and Twist1 mRNA expression were higher than those of thyroid adenoma group;ADAM9, BCORL1 and CXCR4 mRNA expression in tumor tissues of thyroid cancer group were higher than those of thyroid adenoma group whereas Notch-1 and ST7L mRNA expression were lower than those of thyroid adenoma group;Beclin1, LC3 and PTEN mRNA expression in tumor tissues of thyroid cancer group were significantly lower than those of thyroid adenoma group. Pearson test showed that the contrast-enhanced ultrasonography parameters of thyroid cancer were directly correlated with the expression of proliferation, invasion and autophagy genes. Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography can be used to identify benign and malignant thyroid nodules, and the specific CEUS parameter levels can reflect the tumor malignancy.

超声人工智能辅助诊断系统用于甲状腺髓样癌

目的 以甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)为对照,对比超声甲状腺人工智能(AI)辅助诊断系统(AI辅助诊断系统)与不同年资超声医师诊断甲状腺髓样癌(MTC)的效果。方法 纳入经病理证实的63枚MTC、70枚PTC和62枚良性结节。以AI辅助诊断系统分析并识别结节,将恶性概率值≥0.40者诊断为恶性结节;由高、中及初级职称医师各1名利用我国甲状腺影像报告和数据系统(C-TIRADS)对甲状腺结节进行分类;对比两种方法诊断MTC及PTC的效能。结果 AI辅助诊断系统诊断MTC和PTC的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率及曲线下面积(AUC)均低于3名医师;高、中级职称医师与AI辅助诊断系统诊断MTC和PTC的AUC差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01),初级职称医师与AI辅助诊断系统AUC差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。AI辅助诊断系统诊断MTC的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确率及AUC均低于其诊断PTC,但AUC差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 超声甲状腺AI辅助诊断系统诊断MTC效能较高。

甲状腺结节超声恶性危险分层指南对甲状腺乳头状癌的诊断价值:C-TIRADS与ATA指南比较

目的探讨甲状腺结节超声恶性危险分层中国指南(C-TIRADS)和美国甲状腺协会(ATA)指南对甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性收集2019年7月—2021年5月联勤保障部队第九〇九医院甲状腺结节术后且有明确病理结果的259例患者(339个结节),分为甲状腺良性结节组150例(210个结节)和PTC组109例(129个结节),分析两组一般资料和结节声像图特征,分别用两种指南对结节进行分类并与手术病理结果进行对照,绘制受试者工作特征曲线评价两种指南对PTC的诊断价值。结果两组恶性声像图特征中,实性、边缘模糊/不规则或甲状腺外侵犯、垂直位、低或极低回声、微钙化差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=123.67、132.71、103.82、4.58、137.93,P均<0.05),以PTC组多见;与C-TIRADS不同,ATA指南对61个结节(61/339,17.99%)分类不明确;C-TIRADS和ATA指南的曲线下面积分别为0.952(0.924~0.972)、0.942(0.911~0.964),差异无统计学意义(Z=0.943,P=0.346);两者的最佳截断值为4b类和高度可疑,C-TIRADS的敏感度最高[0.930(120/129)比0.822(106/129)],ATA指南的特异度最高[0.857(180/210)比0.943(198/210)],差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.99、8.57,P均<0.01),两组准确度[0.885(300/339)比0.897(300/339)]差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.24,P=0.622)。结论C-TIRADS和ATA指南对PTC均有很高的诊断效能,但C-TIRADS适用于所有甲状腺结节的声像图表现,且受超声医师临床经验影响小,更易在临床推广使用。

血清降钙素在甲状腺髓样癌的诊断、术前评估及术后随访中的临床价值

目的探讨血清降钙素(calcitonin,Ctn)对甲状腺髓样癌(medullary thyroid carcinoma,MTC)的诊断效能,术前Ctn与临床病理特征相关性及随访中影响MTC疾病进展的危险因素。方法系统性回顾2011年11月~2022年11月南京中医药大学附属中西医结合医院收治的50例甲状腺结节患者临床资料,ROC曲线计算Ctn、癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)水平对MTC的诊断效能,单因素、多因素分析MTC中央区淋巴结转移的危险因素,绘制无疾病进展生存曲线预测危险因素。结果ROC曲线结果显示诊断MTC的术前Ctn截断值为23.81 pg/ml,CEA截断值为3.035 ng/ml。MTC患者的患病年龄、肿瘤直径、术前血清Ctn和CEA水平均高于非MTC患者。Ctn≥289.62 pg/ml是MTC患者中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。生存曲线结果显示侵犯包膜、中央区淋巴结转移、T2级以上是预测疾病进展的危险因素(P<0.05),疾病发生进展的MTC患者术前Ctn较高。结论血清Ctn在MTC鉴别诊断、术前评估以及术后随访均有重要临床价值。