Careful soil management is important for the soil quality and productivity improvement of the reclaimed coastal tidal flat saline land in northern Jiangsu Province, China. Farmyard manure（ FYM） and mulch application...Careful soil management is important for the soil quality and productivity improvement of the reclaimed coastal tidal flat saline land in northern Jiangsu Province, China. Farmyard manure（ FYM） and mulch applications, which affect soil characteristics and plant significantly, are regard as an effective pattern of saline land improvement. As a conventional management in the study region, FYM and mulch are used for the amendment of the new reclaimed tidal flat regularly, but little is known about their effects on soil physical properties functioning. A study was conducted on a typical coastal tidal flat saline land, which was reclaimed in 2005, to evaluate the effects of FYM, polyethylene film mulch（PM）, straw mulch（SM）, FYM combined with PM（FYM＋PM）, FYM combined with SM（FYM＋SM）, on soil hydraulic properties and soil mechanical impedance. CK represented conventional cultivation in study area without FYM and mulch application and served as a control. The experiment, laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications, was studied in Huanghaiyuan Farm, which specialized in the agricultural utilization for coastal tidal flat. Result showed that capillary water holding capacity（CHC）, saturated water content（SWC）, saturated hydraulic conductivity（ Ks） and bulk density（BD）, cone index（CI） were affected significantly by the FYM and mulch application, especially in the 0-10 cm soil layer. FYM and mulch management increased CHC, SWC and Ks over all soil depth in the order of FYM＋SM〉FYM＋PM〉FYM〉SM〉PM〉CK. With the contrary sequence, BD and CI decreased significantly; however, FYM and mulch application affected BD and CI only in the upper soil layers. CHC, SWC and Ks decreased significantly with the increasing of soil depth, BD and CI, and a significant liner equation was found between CHC, SWC, Ks and BD, CI. With the highest CHC（38.15%）, SWC（39.55%）, Ks（6.00 mm h-1） and the lowest BD（1.26 g cm-3） and CI（2.71 MPa）, the combined management of FYM and SM was recommend to be an effective method for the melioration of reclaimed coastal tidal flat saline soil.展开更多
Salinization and sodicity are obstacles for vegetation reconstruction of coastal tidal flat soils. A study was conducted with flue gas desulfurization（FGD）-gypsum applied at rates of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Mg/ha to re...Salinization and sodicity are obstacles for vegetation reconstruction of coastal tidal flat soils. A study was conducted with flue gas desulfurization（FGD）-gypsum applied at rates of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Mg/ha to remediate tidal flat soils of the Yangtze River estuary.Exchangeable sodium percentage（ESP）, exchangeable sodium（ExNa）, p H, soluble salt concentration, and composition of soluble salts were measured in 10 cm increments from the surface to 30 cm depth after 6 and 18 months. The results indicated that the effect of FGD-gypsum is greatest in the 0–10 cm mixing soil layer and 60 Mg/ha was the optimal rate that can reduce the ESP to below 6% and decrease soil p H to neutral（7.0）. The improvement effect was reached after 6 months, and remained after 18 months. The composition of soluble salts was transformed from sodic salt ions mainly containing Na~＋, HCO_3^-＋ CO_3^（2-）and Cl-to neutral salt ions mainly containing Ca^（2＋）and SO_4^（2-）. Non-halophyte plants were survived at 90%. The study demonstrates that the use of FGD-gypsum for remediating tidal flat soils is promising.展开更多
为探明滩涂新围垦区不同盐分水平土壤的盐分季节性变化规律的差异性,以及土壤盐分与土壤因子之间的关系,2014年5月-2015年5月,在江苏省沿海滩涂围垦区,设置不同盐分水平(低盐,含盐量0.1%~0.2%;中盐,含盐量0.5%~0.7%;高盐,含盐量1.0%以上...为探明滩涂新围垦区不同盐分水平土壤的盐分季节性变化规律的差异性,以及土壤盐分与土壤因子之间的关系,2014年5月-2015年5月,在江苏省沿海滩涂围垦区,设置不同盐分水平(低盐,含盐量0.1%~0.2%;中盐,含盐量0.5%~0.7%;高盐,含盐量1.0%以上)的田间试验,监测了土壤电导率(EC1∶5)和土壤因子(0~40.0 cm)的季节性动态变化。结果表明:(1)高盐土壤盐分具有明显的季节性变化规律,表现为6-8月雨季土壤EC1∶5降到最低值2.54 d S/m,9-12月积盐作用明显,且在10月EC1∶5达到最大值6.49 d S/m;中盐土壤盐分具有一定程度的季节性变化规律,表现为在10-12月具有明显的积盐效果,且在10月EC1∶5达到最大值3.90 d S/m;低盐土壤盐分没有明显的季节性变化规律。(2)不同盐分水平下,土壤水分和pH1∶5值(除高盐土壤外)均没有明显的季节性变化规律。(3)滩涂围垦地区,在0-40.0 cm土层中,土壤EC1∶5与pH1∶5值之间有极显著的负相关(P<0.01),而与土壤水分含量和土壤温度均没有明显的相关性。总之,该地区土壤盐分水平越高,雨季土壤表层脱盐越明显,秋季和初冬季节积盐越明显。因此,在滩涂围垦区农业利用时,应在雨季前(3-5月)或秋季前(8-9月)采取人为措施(如秸秆覆盖等),加速土壤降盐或控盐,以达到农作物生产的要求。展开更多
基金the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (200903001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41171181, 41101199)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK2009337, BK2011423, BK2011425, BK2011883)the Project of Enterprise Academician Workstation of Jiangsu Province, China (BM2009622)the Prospective Project of Production Education Research Cooperation of Jiangsu Province, China (BY2011195)
文摘Careful soil management is important for the soil quality and productivity improvement of the reclaimed coastal tidal flat saline land in northern Jiangsu Province, China. Farmyard manure（ FYM） and mulch applications, which affect soil characteristics and plant significantly, are regard as an effective pattern of saline land improvement. As a conventional management in the study region, FYM and mulch are used for the amendment of the new reclaimed tidal flat regularly, but little is known about their effects on soil physical properties functioning. A study was conducted on a typical coastal tidal flat saline land, which was reclaimed in 2005, to evaluate the effects of FYM, polyethylene film mulch（PM）, straw mulch（SM）, FYM combined with PM（FYM＋PM）, FYM combined with SM（FYM＋SM）, on soil hydraulic properties and soil mechanical impedance. CK represented conventional cultivation in study area without FYM and mulch application and served as a control. The experiment, laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications, was studied in Huanghaiyuan Farm, which specialized in the agricultural utilization for coastal tidal flat. Result showed that capillary water holding capacity（CHC）, saturated water content（SWC）, saturated hydraulic conductivity（ Ks） and bulk density（BD）, cone index（CI） were affected significantly by the FYM and mulch application, especially in the 0-10 cm soil layer. FYM and mulch management increased CHC, SWC and Ks over all soil depth in the order of FYM＋SM〉FYM＋PM〉FYM〉SM〉PM〉CK. With the contrary sequence, BD and CI decreased significantly; however, FYM and mulch application affected BD and CI only in the upper soil layers. CHC, SWC and Ks decreased significantly with the increasing of soil depth, BD and CI, and a significant liner equation was found between CHC, SWC, Ks and BD, CI. With the highest CHC（38.15%）, SWC（39.55%）, Ks（6.00 mm h-1） and the lowest BD（1.26 g cm-3） and CI（2.71 MPa）, the combined management of FYM and SM was recommend to be an effective method for the melioration of reclaimed coastal tidal flat saline soil.
基金supported by the National Public Project of Environmental Protection(No.201109023)the Shanghai Agricultural Committee(No.2012-2-1)
文摘Salinization and sodicity are obstacles for vegetation reconstruction of coastal tidal flat soils. A study was conducted with flue gas desulfurization（FGD）-gypsum applied at rates of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 Mg/ha to remediate tidal flat soils of the Yangtze River estuary.Exchangeable sodium percentage（ESP）, exchangeable sodium（ExNa）, p H, soluble salt concentration, and composition of soluble salts were measured in 10 cm increments from the surface to 30 cm depth after 6 and 18 months. The results indicated that the effect of FGD-gypsum is greatest in the 0–10 cm mixing soil layer and 60 Mg/ha was the optimal rate that can reduce the ESP to below 6% and decrease soil p H to neutral（7.0）. The improvement effect was reached after 6 months, and remained after 18 months. The composition of soluble salts was transformed from sodic salt ions mainly containing Na~＋, HCO_3^-＋ CO_3^（2-）and Cl-to neutral salt ions mainly containing Ca^（2＋）and SO_4^（2-）. Non-halophyte plants were survived at 90%. The study demonstrates that the use of FGD-gypsum for remediating tidal flat soils is promising.
文摘为探明滩涂新围垦区不同盐分水平土壤的盐分季节性变化规律的差异性,以及土壤盐分与土壤因子之间的关系,2014年5月-2015年5月,在江苏省沿海滩涂围垦区,设置不同盐分水平(低盐,含盐量0.1%~0.2%;中盐,含盐量0.5%~0.7%;高盐,含盐量1.0%以上)的田间试验,监测了土壤电导率(EC1∶5)和土壤因子(0~40.0 cm)的季节性动态变化。结果表明:(1)高盐土壤盐分具有明显的季节性变化规律,表现为6-8月雨季土壤EC1∶5降到最低值2.54 d S/m,9-12月积盐作用明显,且在10月EC1∶5达到最大值6.49 d S/m;中盐土壤盐分具有一定程度的季节性变化规律,表现为在10-12月具有明显的积盐效果,且在10月EC1∶5达到最大值3.90 d S/m;低盐土壤盐分没有明显的季节性变化规律。(2)不同盐分水平下,土壤水分和pH1∶5值(除高盐土壤外)均没有明显的季节性变化规律。(3)滩涂围垦地区,在0-40.0 cm土层中,土壤EC1∶5与pH1∶5值之间有极显著的负相关(P<0.01),而与土壤水分含量和土壤温度均没有明显的相关性。总之,该地区土壤盐分水平越高,雨季土壤表层脱盐越明显,秋季和初冬季节积盐越明显。因此,在滩涂围垦区农业利用时,应在雨季前(3-5月)或秋季前(8-9月)采取人为措施(如秸秆覆盖等),加速土壤降盐或控盐,以达到农作物生产的要求。
