Based on the Ramsey theory-the foundation for the tiered electricity pricing mechanism, this article analyzes the effects of the tiered electricity pricing system on social justice, eff iciency and commodity prices, a...Based on the Ramsey theory-the foundation for the tiered electricity pricing mechanism, this article analyzes the effects of the tiered electricity pricing system on social justice, eff iciency and commodity prices, and concludes that the system would direct subsidies to flow into low income groups, and promote energy conservation and emissions reduction by restricting over-consumption of high income groups, without enormous effect on commodity prices. The key to designing the tiered system is how to estimate the amount of electricity use for each tier, so as to avoid excluding low income groups from the subsidy or including high income groups in the subsidy.展开更多
The National Development and Reform Commission of China （NDRC） came up with a draft for tiered pricing of household electric- it）＇ in March. After nationwide hearings, the new pricing policy will be carried out fr...The National Development and Reform Commission of China （NDRC） came up with a draft for tiered pricing of household electric- it）＇ in March. After nationwide hearings, the new pricing policy will be carried out from June. It also sparks heated debate on whether tiered pricing of household electricity is ap- propriate in China currently. The following are excerpts of some opinions on media.展开更多
依据政府间气候变化委员会(IPCC)2006年公布的反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放系数(奶牛61 kg CH4头-1a-1,肉役牛47 kg CH4头-1a-1,绵羊和山羊均为5 kg CH4头-1a-1)和IPCC Tier 1计算方法,结合《中国统计年鉴》和《中国畜牧业统计年鉴》,估算了...依据政府间气候变化委员会(IPCC)2006年公布的反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放系数(奶牛61 kg CH4头-1a-1,肉役牛47 kg CH4头-1a-1,绵羊和山羊均为5 kg CH4头-1a-1)和IPCC Tier 1计算方法,结合《中国统计年鉴》和《中国畜牧业统计年鉴》,估算了中国以及各个省份1990—2010年CH4的排放总量,绘制出中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放格局及历史变化图。研究结果表明:11990—2010年期间,中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放量(5.90—7.65 Tg)总体呈现先上升(1995年最高)后下降的趋势,其中肉役牛(主要是黄牛和水牛)胃肠道CH4排放量(>4.33 Tg)及其所占比例(>65%)最大。奶牛胃肠道CH4排放量及其比例呈现逐年增加的趋势,2006年(0.83 Tg,12.7%)超过山羊和绵羊胃肠道CH4排放量及其比例,成为中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放第二大源。但是,奶牛单位产奶量所排放的CH4量逐年降低,表明中国奶牛饲养技术与生产性能不断提高。2中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放格局呈现区域集中特点,主要集中在中西部和北部的各个省份,其中四川、内蒙古、新疆、河南、西藏、山东、河北、黑龙江、云南和甘肃等10个省份的排放量占中国排放总量的50%以上。总之,1990—2010年间,中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放总量为(6.77±0.46)Tg(肉役牛为主要排放源),随时间推移呈现先上升后下降的趋势;中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放的格局呈区域集中分布,中西部和北部的各个省份占60%以上。展开更多
With the deepening of China’s health-care reform,an integrated delivery system has gradually emerged with the function of improving the efficiency of the health-care delivery system.For China’s integrated delivery s...With the deepening of China’s health-care reform,an integrated delivery system has gradually emerged with the function of improving the efficiency of the health-care delivery system.For China’s integrated delivery system,a medical consortium plays an important role in integrating public hospitals and primary care facilities.The first medical consortium policy issued after the COVID-19 pandemic apparently placed hope on accelerating the implementation of a medical consortium and tiered health-care delivery system.This paper illustrates the possible future pathway of China’s medical consortium through retrospection of the 10-year process,changes of the series of policies,and characteristics of the policy issued in 2020.We considered that a fully integrated medical consortium would be a major phenomenon in China's medical industry,which would lead to the formation of a dualistic care pattern in China.展开更多
Construction and use of national emergency broadcast system, related to the safety of lives and property. Broadcasting system has the simple construction, easy to set up, transmission distance, wide transmission range...Construction and use of national emergency broadcast system, related to the safety of lives and property. Broadcasting system has the simple construction, easy to set up, transmission distance, wide transmission range, transmission speed, etc., in the notice of emergency incidents, emergency command, emergency evacuation and emergency settle played a pivotal role. In the recent years, countries earthquakes, tsunamis and other natural disasters occur frequently, causing great loss of life and property, the establishment of the emergency broadcast system, more and more government attention. We introduced the emergency broadcast system in Japan, the United States, Britain and other countries, analyzes the problems our country to carry out emergency broadcast services need to pay attention, and made recommendations.展开更多
文摘Based on the Ramsey theory-the foundation for the tiered electricity pricing mechanism, this article analyzes the effects of the tiered electricity pricing system on social justice, eff iciency and commodity prices, and concludes that the system would direct subsidies to flow into low income groups, and promote energy conservation and emissions reduction by restricting over-consumption of high income groups, without enormous effect on commodity prices. The key to designing the tiered system is how to estimate the amount of electricity use for each tier, so as to avoid excluding low income groups from the subsidy or including high income groups in the subsidy.
文摘The National Development and Reform Commission of China （NDRC） came up with a draft for tiered pricing of household electric- it）＇ in March. After nationwide hearings, the new pricing policy will be carried out from June. It also sparks heated debate on whether tiered pricing of household electricity is ap- propriate in China currently. The following are excerpts of some opinions on media.
文摘依据政府间气候变化委员会(IPCC)2006年公布的反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放系数(奶牛61 kg CH4头-1a-1,肉役牛47 kg CH4头-1a-1,绵羊和山羊均为5 kg CH4头-1a-1)和IPCC Tier 1计算方法,结合《中国统计年鉴》和《中国畜牧业统计年鉴》,估算了中国以及各个省份1990—2010年CH4的排放总量,绘制出中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放格局及历史变化图。研究结果表明:11990—2010年期间,中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放量(5.90—7.65 Tg)总体呈现先上升(1995年最高)后下降的趋势,其中肉役牛(主要是黄牛和水牛)胃肠道CH4排放量(>4.33 Tg)及其所占比例(>65%)最大。奶牛胃肠道CH4排放量及其比例呈现逐年增加的趋势,2006年(0.83 Tg,12.7%)超过山羊和绵羊胃肠道CH4排放量及其比例,成为中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放第二大源。但是,奶牛单位产奶量所排放的CH4量逐年降低,表明中国奶牛饲养技术与生产性能不断提高。2中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放格局呈现区域集中特点,主要集中在中西部和北部的各个省份,其中四川、内蒙古、新疆、河南、西藏、山东、河北、黑龙江、云南和甘肃等10个省份的排放量占中国排放总量的50%以上。总之,1990—2010年间,中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放总量为(6.77±0.46)Tg(肉役牛为主要排放源),随时间推移呈现先上升后下降的趋势;中国反刍家畜胃肠道CH4排放的格局呈区域集中分布,中西部和北部的各个省份占60%以上。
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.71874058 and No.72174068).
文摘With the deepening of China’s health-care reform,an integrated delivery system has gradually emerged with the function of improving the efficiency of the health-care delivery system.For China’s integrated delivery system,a medical consortium plays an important role in integrating public hospitals and primary care facilities.The first medical consortium policy issued after the COVID-19 pandemic apparently placed hope on accelerating the implementation of a medical consortium and tiered health-care delivery system.This paper illustrates the possible future pathway of China’s medical consortium through retrospection of the 10-year process,changes of the series of policies,and characteristics of the policy issued in 2020.We considered that a fully integrated medical consortium would be a major phenomenon in China's medical industry,which would lead to the formation of a dualistic care pattern in China.
文摘Construction and use of national emergency broadcast system, related to the safety of lives and property. Broadcasting system has the simple construction, easy to set up, transmission distance, wide transmission range, transmission speed, etc., in the notice of emergency incidents, emergency command, emergency evacuation and emergency settle played a pivotal role. In the recent years, countries earthquakes, tsunamis and other natural disasters occur frequently, causing great loss of life and property, the establishment of the emergency broadcast system, more and more government attention. We introduced the emergency broadcast system in Japan, the United States, Britain and other countries, analyzes the problems our country to carry out emergency broadcast services need to pay attention, and made recommendations.
