Immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides from edible fungus:a review

The polysaccharides from edible fungus showed many kinds of biological activities,including anti-tumor,immunomodulatory,anti-inflammatory,anti-diabetes,improving functional constipation activities.In particular,the immunomodulatory effects have been paid more and more attention by scholars,but there was no systematic introduction of their immunomodulatory mechanism.So,this review introduced the immunomodulatory effects and mechanism of edible fungus polysaccharides in recent years,and then the relationships between structure and immunomodulatory effect were also discussed.

Therapeutic effect of natural melanin from edible fungus Auricularia auricula on alcohol-induced liver damage in vitro and in vivo

This study explored the therapeutic effects of Auricularia auricula melanin(AAM)on alcoholic liver damage in vitro and in vivo.Human normal liver L02 cells were pre-treated with ethanol and then treated with AAM to explore the therapeutic effect of AAM on ethanol-induced hepatocyte injury.The results show that AAM signifi cantly elevated the cell viability,ameliorated the cell morphology,reduced the ROS and increased the GSH/GSSG of ethanol-pretreated L02 cells.Then,mice were administered with ethanol to induce acute alcoholic liver damage,and administered with AAM to further study the therapeutic effect of AAM on alcoholic liver damage in mice.As a result,AAM reduced the levels of ALT,AST,TG,and MDA,increased the levels of ADH,SOD,and CAT in liver damage mice.The therapeutic effect of AAM may be related to inhibition of CYP2E1 expression and activation of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidase.The research enriched the bioactivity of AAM and provided some ideas for the development of melanin-related health foods.

New Development Trend of Edible Fungus Industry in China

We elaborate support system of edible fungus industry from outlook on ecological economic development, legislation and standardization of variety approval, multiple-function innovation platform of industrial development research, and perfect talent cultivation and education system. Besides, we analyze the development trend of edible fungus industry from competitive advantages, position and role in national food security, industrial development trend driven by internal demand, diversified industrial development model, division of labor within the industry, and expansion of industrial chain. Then, from the point of zoning and planning of edible fungus industry, we put forward suggestions that it should start from modern industrial system and take the industrial cluster development and optimization as guidance. In addition, we present technical innovation direction of industrial development. It is proposed to strengthen propaganda, build industrial cultural atmosphere, and expand social cognition degree of edible fungus industry to promote its redevelopment. Finally, it is expected to promote international influence of edible fungus industry through experts appealing for policy support.

Current Situations of Edible Fungus Production in Lianyungang City and Development Countermeasures

On the basis of characteristics of edible fungus production in Lianyungang City, we analyzed its advantages and disadvantages and put forward suggestions and countermeasures for development of edible fungus industry, mainly including strengthening guidance and leadership of government, introducing professional personnel, and developing the edible fungus industry through science and technology.

Comparison and Selection of Organization Modes in Edible Fungus Industry of Shandong Province

China is the largest producer and exporter of edible fungus in the world,and Shandong is the largest producer of edible fungus in China.This study is intended to select suitable organization mode for edible fungus industry of Shandong Province.On the basis of types and characteristics of existing edible fungus production modes in China,it is concluded that Shandong Province should take following measures:(1)giving priority to development of integrated organization mode;(2)steadily promoting park and factory mode in economically developed regions;(3)developing circular agriculture in regions with solid foundation of agriculture and animal husbandry.Finally,it puts forward following recommendations:(1)speeding up construction of standardization and information platform for edible fungus industry;(2)improving quality of personnel engaged in edible fungus industry;(3)bringing into play driving effect of leading enterprises;(4)developing and introducing deep processing enterprises.

rDNA Sequencing and Preliminary Analysis of Microorganisms from Diseased Edible Fungus Using Non-culture Technology

The metagenomic DNA of disease tissue samples from four kinds of major edible fungus was extracted by CTAB method combined with DNA gel recovery kit. The genomie DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using the universal primers of 16S rDNA and 18S rDNA, and then mone, elonal sequenced after ligated and transformed, rDNA sequences of 20 positive clones were selected randomly from each pair of primers for sequence alignment. The results showed that there were two bacterial diseases and two fungul diseases in the samples, respectively.

Current Development Situations and Countermeasures of Edible Fungus Industry in Heilongjiang Province in the Context of Rural Revitalization

The rise of the edible fungus industry has not only greatly increased the income of Chinese farmers,but also promoted the economic,social and ecological development of rural areas.Through a survey of the edible fungus industry in Heilongjiang Province,it found problems such as insufficient standardized production bases,insufficient coverage of"Internet+edible fungi",weak industrial clusters,conservative management ideas,and lack of professional talents.The development potential of edible fungi was analyzed and reasonable recommendations were put forward to promote the healthy,efficient and sustainable development of the edible fungus industry in Heilongjiang Province.

Prospects for Development of Edible and Medicinal Mycorrhizal Fungus in Shanxi Province

This paper first elaborated basic characteristics and research development of the edible mycorrhizal fungus. Then,it analyzed the natural ecological environment and development conditions of edible fungus in Shanxi Province. Finally,it discussed edible mycorrhizal fungus resources in Shanxi Province and development and utilization prospects of edible mycorrhizal fungi,to provide some references for the development of edible fungi industry and edible and medicinal mycorrhizal fungus in Shanxi Province and adjacent provinces.

Tremella with Edible Fungus

(Meiwei Shuang’er)Remove the tremella and edible fungus roots, clean and drain. Slice green peppers and carrots.Heat some oil in a wok, add tremella, edible fungus, green peppers and carrots, and clear stock, salt and sugar. Simmer for two minutes. Add MSG and pepper, remove to a plate, and serve.Features: Attractively black and white.Taste: Crisp and savory.

Enrichment of Edible Fungi to I-deoxynojirimycin in Mulberry Branches

[Objective] This research aimed to explore the enrichment of edible fungi to the DNJ in mulberry branches.[Method] Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography（RP-HPLC） method was used to study the enrichment of 9 varieties of edible fungi to the I-deoxynojirimycin（DNJ） in mulberry branches.[Result] The test edible fungi all could not synthesize DNJ,but Auricularia auricular,Ganoderma lucidum and Hericium erinaceus had enrichment capability to DNJ,and the enrichment was higher in pileus than in stipe.With the increasing proportion of mulberry sawdust in cultivation materials,the contents of DNJ in Ganoderma lucidum and Hericium erinaceus had increased;when the proportion of mulberry sawdust had achieved 50%,the contents of DNJ in the pileus of Hericium erinaceus and Ganoderma lucidum reached the maximum,which were 0.070 4% and 0.047 2%,respectively;afterwards,the contents of DNJ in the pileus were reduced with the increasing proportion of mulberry sawdust;when the proportion of mulberry sawdust had achieved 80%,the contents of DNJ in the pileus of Hericium erinaceus and Ganoderma lucidum had decreased to 0.047 4% and 0.032 7%,respectively.[Conclusion] This study provided theoretical basis and reference for the development of edible fungi in mulberry branches with hypoglycemic effects.

Effects of Extract of Medium Residue from Cultivation of Pleurotus citrinopileatus on Mycelial Growth of 3 Edible Fungi

Effects of extract of medium residue of Pleurotus citrinopileatus on mycelial growth of P. citrinopileatus, G. lucidum and L. edodes were investigated by plate cultivation method. The results showed that extract of medium residue of P. citrinopileatus promoted mycelial growth of L. edodes, and showed the best effects at the addition amount of 75%, while the myedial growth of G. lucidum and P. citrinopileatus was inhibited by the extract.

A high-loading and cycle-stable solid-phase conversion sulfur cathode using edible fungus slag-derived microporous carbon as sulfur host

Developing a high sulfur(S)-loading cathode with high capacity utilization and long term cyclability is a key challenge for commercial implementation of Li-S battery technology.To overcome this challenge,we propose a solid-phase conversion sulfur cathode by using an edible fungus slag-derived porous carbon(CFS)as sulfur host to fabricate the S/CFS composite and meanwhile,utilizing the vinyl carbonate(VC)as co-solvent of the ether-based electrolyte to in-situ form a protective layer on the S/CFS composite surface through its nucleophilic reaction with the freshly generated lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)at the very beginning of initial discharge,thus isolating the interior sulfur from the outer electrolyte and inhibiting the further generation of soluble LiPSs.Benefitting from the ultrahigh specific surface area of>3,000 m^(2)·g^(−1),ideal pore size of<4 nm,and large pore volume of>2.0 cm^(3)·g^(−1)of the CFS host matrix,the S/CFS cathode even with a high S-loading of 80 wt.%(based on the weight of S/CFS composite)can still operate in a solid-phase conversion manner in the VC-ether co-solvent electrolyte to exhibit a high reversible capacity of 1,557 mAh·g^(−1),a high rate capability with 50%remaining capacity at 2 A·g^(−1)and a high cycling efficiency of 99.9%over 500 cycles.The results presented in this work suggest that a combined action of solid-phase conversion electrochemistry and nanoarchitectured host structure may provide a new path for the design and development of practical lithium-sulfur batteries.

Preparation technology of ultra-fine powders of Auricularia auricular

Conventional mechanical method and mechanical method combined with vacuum freeze-drying technology were used to make the ultra-fine powders of edible fungus (Auricularia auricular). The content of basic nutrients, amino acid, micro structure and their properties of raw edible fungus and the edible fungus powders obtained with the two methods were analyzed and compared. The granularity size and micro-structure of the pulverized samples were analyzed by SEM and TEM technology. The average granularity size of the edible fungus powder obtained with mechanical method was 1–5 μm, while that obtained with mechanical method combined with vacuum freeze-drying process was 0.5–1 μm. The ultra-fine powders of edible fungus obtained with the two methods had better water recovery capability and quality, and their preserving time was longer than that of raw edible fungus. All the properties of the ultra-fine powders of edible fungus obtained with the vacuum freeze-drying technology were evidently superior to that of the conventional mechanical method. Keywords Auricularia auricula - Edible fungus - Ultra-fine powders - Vacuum freeze-drying CLC number TS205 Document code B Biography: YANG Chun-yu (1975), female, Ph. D. in Engineering Technology Center of Forestry and Wood Workine, Machinery, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong

河北杨体细胞抗盐性变异系蔗糖酶及硝酸还原酶活性研究

河北杨体细胞抗盐性变异系蔗糖酶及硝酸还原酶活性研究李周岐，郭军战，杨秀平（西北林学院林学系，陕西杨陵７１２１００）采用突变体离体筛选技术［１］，从河北杨（ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｈｏｐｅｉｅｎｓｉｓＨｕｅｔＣｈｏｗ）愈伤组织中分离出７个抗盐性变异系［２］。由于...

4种食用菌对蔗渣利用状况的灰色关联法分析

本文将再生资源循环利用优化方案的系统分析作为一个灰色系统的决策分析过程，把灰色系统理论的关联方法应用到蔗渣再利用的优化决策分析之中，取得了满意效果。通过对4种食用菌利用蔗渣营养成份的分析，得出了用3号培养基接种培养佛罗里达侧耳，既能最大限度地利用蔗渣中的营养，又能培养出精制的菌丝体饲料，为资源的再利用提供了一个优化决策的实例。

新罗区短周期食用菌专用林造林树种选择试验初报

通过对光皮桦、鹅掌楸、枫香等11个短周期食用菌专用林重要树种栽培试验,结果表明:光皮桦,鹅掌楸和枫香高生长和成活率均较高,具有速生、造林容易的特点,是我区短周期食用菌专用林优良造林树种,可以选用推广;乳源木莲和闽粤栲高生长较快,可以作为我区短周期食用菌专用造林树种,但造林成活率较低,需进一步提高造林成活率;苦槠、南酸枣、火力楠、罗浮栲和深山含笑高生长较慢,不宜选用作为我区短周期食用菌专用林造林树种。

五种野生食用菌在微冻贮藏下的营养素分析

对微冻贮藏条件下的五种野生食用菌的安全性进行评估,并研究在微冻贮藏期间其水分、脂质和蛋白质随时间的变化规律。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定必须元素和有毒元素的含量,通过气相色谱法测定有机氯农药残留,根据国标方法测定水分、脂质和蛋白质含量。结果显示,五种野生食用菌农药残留未检出,钙、镁和铁等必须矿物元素含量丰富,但铅、镉、汞和砷等有毒元素微量超标;在微冻贮藏过程中,水分、脂质和蛋白质含量均呈下降趋势。研究表明,野生食用菌存在重金属和有毒元素超标的安全隐患;微冻贮藏虽不能完全抑制野生食用菌的营养流失,但可有效保持其品质并延长可食用期。

Some Useful Wild Macrofungi from Liuxihe National Forest Park,Guangzhou,China

Forty species of Basidiomycota from 21 genera in 15 families, collected from Liuxihe National Forest Park, Guangzhou, China, have values for use by local people. More than half of the species collected are edible, and some (Lactarius deliciosus, Boletus spp.) are gathered for commercial consumption in South China. Ten species have medicinal properties, and include Dictyophora, Ganoderma, Pisolithus and Scleroderma. Over 60% species (26 taxa) are ectomycorrhizal involving 12 edible fungi. The most abundant families were the Amanitaceae, Boletaceae and Sclerodermataceae, which form important ectomycorrhizal associations with coniferous and mixed broad-leafed trees in the Park. Prospective uses of these macrofungi are discussed.

Quantification of Aromatic Amino Acids in Cordyceps fungi by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography

A facile micellar electrokinetic chromatography(MEKC) method was developed for quantification of aromatic amino acids in Cordyceps fungi. The proposed MEKC method had linear calibration curves and detection limits at the μmol/L level. Contents of aromatic amino acids in Cordyceps were found in the range from 0.004 9 % to 0.028 0% for tryptophan(Trp), 0.036 6% to 0.078 1% for tyrosine(Tyr), and 0.029 1% to 0.136 2% for phenylalanine(Phe). Levels of amino acids in cultivated Cordyceps militaris were found higher than those in natural Cordyceps sinensis. Interestingly, the ratio of Tyr to its precursor, Phe, in C. sinensis(1.20 ± 0.091, n=3) was significantly higher than that in cultivated C. militaris(0.54 ± 0.170, n=3). This is likely because the enzyme-catalyzed in vivo biotransformation of Phe to Tyr is much more effective in natural C. sinensis, a biological hybrid of larva and parasitic fungus, than in cultivated C. militaris.