Thermomechanical Dynamics (TMD) and Bifurcation-Integration Solutions in Nonlinear Differential Equations with Time-Dependent Coefficients

The new independent solutions of the nonlinear differential equation with time-dependent coefficients (NDE-TC) are discussed, for the first time, by employing experimental device called a drinking bird whose simple back-and-forth motion develops into water drinking motion. The solution to a drinking bird equation of motion manifests itself the transition from thermodynamic equilibrium to nonequilibrium irreversible states. The independent solution signifying a nonequilibrium thermal state seems to be constructed as if two independent bifurcation solutions are synthesized, and so, the solution is tentatively termed as the bifurcation-integration solution. The bifurcation-integration solution expresses the transition from mechanical and thermodynamic equilibrium to a nonequilibrium irreversible state, which is explicitly shown by the nonlinear differential equation with time-dependent coefficients (NDE-TC). The analysis established a new theoretical approach to nonequilibrium irreversible states, thermomechanical dynamics (TMD). The TMD method enables one to obtain thermodynamically consistent and time-dependent progresses of thermodynamic quantities, by employing the bifurcation-integration solutions of NDE-TC. We hope that the basic properties of bifurcation-integration solutions will be studied and investigated further in mathematics, physics, chemistry and nonlinear sciences in general.

GLOBAL EXISTENCE OF CLASSICAL SOLUTIONS TO THE HYPERBOLIC GEOMETRY FLOW WITH TIME-DEPENDENT DISSIPATION

In this article, we investigate the hyperbolic geometry flow with time-dependent dissipation（δ2 gij）/δt2＋μ/（（1 ＋ t）λ）（δ gij）/δt=-2 Rij,on Riemann surface. On the basis of the energy method, for 0 〈 λ ≤ 1, μ 〉 λ ＋ 1, we show that there exists a global solution gij to the hyperbolic geometry flow with time-dependent dissipation with asymptotic flat initial Riemann surfaces. Moreover, we prove that the scalar curvature R（t, x） of the solution metric gij remains uniformly bounded.

Numerical Solutions for the Time-Dependent Emden-Fowler-Type Equations by B-Spline Method

A numerical method based on B-spline is developed to solve the time-dependent Emden-Fow- ler-type equations. We also present a reliable new algorithm based on B-spline to overcome the difficulty of the singular point at x = 0. The error analysis of the method is described. Numerical results are given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

Time Dependent Ginzburg-Landau方程的Weierstrass椭圆函数解

将文[22]中提出的求解非线性演化方程的Weierstrass椭圆函数解的一个新方法应用于Time De-pendent Ginzburg-Landau方程,获得了该方程的一些新的双周期解,并在退化情形下得到了一些新的精确孤波解.

Dynamics of solitons in Bose-Einstein condensate with time-dependent atomic scattering length

The evolution of solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates （BECs） with time-dependent atomic scattering length in an expulsive parabolic potential is studied. Based on the extended hyperbolic function method, we successfully obtain the bright and dark soliton solutions. In addition, some new soliton solutions in this model are found. The results in this paper include some in the literature （Phys. Rev. Lett. 94（2005）050402 and Chin. Phys. Lett. 22（2005） 1855）.

Form-Preserving Transformations of Time-Dependent Schrōdinger Equation with Time- and Position-Dependent Mass

We study space-time transformations of the time-dependent Schrōdinger equation (TDSE) with time- and position-dependent (effective) mass. We obtain the most general space-time transformation that maps such a TDSE onto another one of its kind. The transformed potential is given in explicit form.

Inverse problem of quadratic time-dependent Hamiltonians

Using an algebraic approach, it is possible to obtain the temporal evolution wave function for a Gaussian wavepacket obeying the quadratic time-dependent Hamiltonian(QTDH). However, in general, most of the practical cases are not exactly solvable, for we need general solutions of the Riccatti equations which are not generally known. We therefore bypass directly solving for the temporal evolution wave function, and study its inverse problem. We start with a particular evolution of the wave-packet, and get the required Hamiltonian by using the inverse method. The inverse approach opens up a new way to find new exact solutions to the QTDH. Some typical examples are studied in detail. For a specific timedependent periodic harmonic oscillator, the Berry phase is obtained exactly.

New Neumerical Method to Calculate Time-Dependent Quantum Properties in Finite Temperature Based on the Heisenberg Equation of Motion

For the purpose of computer calculation to evaluate time-dependent quantum properties in finite temperature, we propose new numerical method expressed in the forms of simultaneous differential equations. At first we derive the equation of motion in finite temperature, which is found to be same expression as Heisenberg equation of motion except for the c-number. Based on this equation, we construct numerical method to estimate time-dependent physical properties in finite temperature precisely without using analytical procedures such as Keldysh formalism. Since our approach is so simple and is based on the simultaneous differential equations including no terms related to self-energies, computer programming can be easily performed. It is possible to estimate exact time-dependent physical properties, providing that Hamiltonian of the system is taken to be a one-electron picture. Furthermore, we refer to the application to the many body problem and it is numerically possible to calculate physical properties using Hartree Fock approximation. Our numerical method can be applied to the case even when perturbative Hamiltonians are newly introduced or Hamiltonian shows complex time-dependent behavior. In this article, at first, we derive the equation of motion in finite temperature. Secondly, for the purpose of verification and of exhibiting the usefulness, we show the derivation of gap equation of superconductivity and of sum rule of electrical conductivity and the application to the many body problem. Finally we apply this method to these two cases: the first case is most simplified resonance charge transfer neutralization of an ion and the second is the same process but impurity potential is newly introduced as perturbative Hamiltonian. Through both cases, it is found that neutralization process is not so sensitive to temperature, however, impurity potential as small as 10 meV strongly influences the neutralization of ion.

Analytical Solutions of System of Non-Linear Differential Equations in the Single-Enzyme, Single-Substrate Reaction with Non-Mechanism-Based Enzyme Inactivation

A closed form of an analytical expression of concentration in the single-enzyme, single-substrate system for the full range of enzyme activities has been derived. The time dependent analytical solution for substrate, enzyme-substrate complex and product concentrations are presented by solving system of non-linear differential equation. We employ He’s Homotopy perturbation method to solve the coupled non-linear differential equations containing a non-linear term related to basic enzymatic reaction. The time dependent simple analytical expressions for substrate, enzyme-substrate and free enzyme concentrations have been derived in terms of dimensionless reaction diffusion parameters ε, λ1, λ2 and λ3 using perturbation method. The numerical solution of the problem is also reported using SCILAB software program. The analytical results are compared with our numerical results. An excellent agreement with simulation data is noted. The obtained results are valid for the whole solution domain.

General semi-analytical solutions to one-dimensional consolidation for unsaturated soils

This paper presents general semi-analytical solutions to Fredlund and Hasan＇s one-dimensional （1D） consolidation equations for unsaturated soils subject to different initial conditions, homogeneous boundaries and time-dependent loadings. Two variables are introduced to transform the two-coupled governing equations of pore-water and poreair pressures into an equivalent set of partial differential equations （PDEs）, which are solved with the Laplace transform method. The pore-water and pore-air pressures and settlement are obtained in the Laplace transform domMn. The Crump＇s method is used to perform inverse Laplace transform to obtain the solutions in the time domain. The present solutions are more general in practical applications and show good agreement with the previous solutions in the literature.

Solution to 1-D consolidation of non-homogeneous soft clay

In this work, semi-analytical methods were used to solve the problem of 1-D consolidation of non-homogeneous soft clay with spatially varying coefficients of permeability and compressibility. The semi-analytical solution was programmed and then verified by comparison with the obtained analytical solution of a special case. Based on the results of some computations and comparisons with the 1-D homogeneous consolidation (by Terzaghi) and the 1-D non-linear consolidation theory (by Davis et al.) of soft clay, some diagrams were prepared and the relevant consolidation behavior of non-homogeneous soils is discussed. It was shown that the result obtained differs greatly from Terzaghi’s theory and that of the non-linear consolidation theory when the coefficients of permeability and compressibility vary greatly.

A Method for the Solution of the 2D-Oswatitsch Equations

Corresponding to Oswatitsch’s Mach number independence principle the Mach number of hypersonic inviscid flows, , does not affect components of various non-dimensional formulations such as velocity and density, pressure coefficients and Mach number behind a strong shock. On this account, the principle is significant in the development process for hypersonic vehicles. Oswatitsch deduced a system of partial differential equations which describes hypersonic flow. These equations are the basic gasdynamic equations as well as Crocco’s theorem which are reduced for the case of very high Mach numbers, . Their numerical solution can not only result in simplified algorithms prospectively utilized to describe the flow around bodies flying mainly in the lower stratosphere with very high Mach numbers. It also offers a deeper understanding of similarity effects for hypersonic flows. In this paper, a solution method for Oswatisch’s equations for perfect gas, based on a 4-step Runge-Kutta-algorithm, is presented including a fast shock-fitting procedure. An analysis of numerical stability is followed by a detailed comparison of results for different Mach numbers and ratios of the specific heats.

DECAY ESTIMATE OF THE SOLUTIONS TO THE MAGNETO-SEMICONDUCTOR EQUATIONS

In this paper,the relationship between the time-dependent solutions andsteady-state solutions of the semiconductor equations affected by magnetic field isconsidered.A decay estimate between the time-dependent solutions and steady-statesolutions is proved by a series of estimetes on the solutions under some conditions.

CLASSICAL SOLUTIONS OF GENERAL GINZBURG-LANDAU EQUATIONS

In this paper, we prove the existence of global classical solutions to time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau（TDGL） equations. By the properties of Besov and Sobolev spaces, together with the energy method, we establish the global existence and uniqueness of classical solutions to the initial boundary value problem for time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations.

ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF TIME-DEPENDENT SOLUTIONS TO SEMICONDUCTOR EQUATIONS

This paper considers the relationship between the time dependent solutions and the steady state solutions of semiconductor equations under the thermal equilibrium conditions. The asymptotic behavior of the time dependent solution is obtained.

MODELLING AND NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF A GAUGE PERIODIC TIME DEPENDENT GINZBURG-LANDAU MODEL FOR TYPE-Ⅱ SUPERCONDUCTORS

In this paper we seek the solutions of the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau model for type-Ⅱ superconductors such that the associated physical observables are spatially periodic with respect to some lattice whose basic lattice cell is not necessarily rectangular. After appropriately foring the gange, the model can be formulated as a system of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations with quasi-periodic boundary conditions. We first give some results concerning the existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions and then we propose a semiimplicit finite element scheme solving the system of nonlinear partial dmerential equations and show the optimal error estimates both in the L2 and energy norm.We also report on some numerical results at the end of the paper.

考虑纵向施工的深埋软岩隧道黏弹-塑性时效解析

软岩通常具有较强的蠕变性,深部软岩隧道的围岩收敛和支护受力往往表现出明显的时效特性。因此,考虑隧道掌子面推进的同时,运用流变理论对深部软岩隧道的围岩应力变形时效规律进行分析具有重要意义。研究针对深埋软岩中圆形隧道的纵向开挖过程,同时考虑掌子面推进引起的应力释放效应和围岩自身的蠕变性,推导出隧道纵向施工中围岩应力变形的黏弹-塑性时效解。解答中假定围岩服从Burgers-MC黏弹-塑性模型(CVISC),隧道纵向为连续不间断开挖。基于所提出的理论解,对新疆特克斯软岩隧道开挖过程中的围岩变形应力进行了初步预测和分析;同时,通过对比FLAC数值模拟结果和现场监测数据,验证了解答的正确性和可靠性。进一步,基于解答深入研究深部黏弹-塑性软岩中隧道围岩的应力、变形及黏塑性区域随时间和开挖过程的演化规律。研究结果表明:黏弹性区和黏塑性区边界上应力是定值,与黏塑性区大小无关;在隧道开挖阶段,应力释放引起的围岩位移占主要成分,后期应力释放完成后,围岩蠕变变形占主要部分。本解答为深埋软岩隧道施工过程中的围岩收敛变形和应力预测提供了理论方法。

Analytical Solution of the Flow Field Induced by the Uniformly Moving Double Helical Vortex Filaments

The analytical expressions was deduced for the inviscid flow field induced by the double vortex filaments that move uniformly and rigidly without change of its form in a cylindrical tube, where the vortex filaments rotate around its axial with a constant angular velocity and translates along its axial with a constant transferal velocity. It is a key of solving problem to set up a moving cylindrical coordinate system together with the vortex filaments motion, in which the relative velocity field is presumed to be time-independent and with helical symmetry. The result shows that the absolute velocity field and pressure field are all time-periodic functions, and may degenerate into a time-independent field when the helical vortex filaments slip along the filaments themselves or is immobile. The calculation results at the location of pressure peaks and valleys on pipe wall are accordant with experimental results. When the cylindrical pipe radius tends to infinitely large quantity, it is also concluded that the double helical vortex filaments induce flow field in an unbound space.

高维空间信号依赖型Keller-Segel系统的有限时刻爆破

本文研究了具有密度抑制效应的抛物-抛物型Keller-Segel系统的Neumann初边值问题:{u_(t)=Δ(γ(v)u),x∈Ω,t>0,v_(t)=Δv-v+u,x∈Ω,t>0的有限时刻爆破,其中,Ω为R^(n)(n≥3)中的光滑有界球形区域,γ(v)为扩散强度。本文考虑了指数型的扩散速率γ(v)=e-χv,其中χ为常数。证明了对于任意的初始聚集量∫_(Ω)u_(0)=m(m>0),存在满足一定低能条件的径向对称的初值(u_(0),v_(0))∈C^(0)(×W^(1,∞)(Ω)),使得系统的解会在有限时刻发生爆破。

外噪声下相变模型福克-普朗克方程的含时精确解

采用微分方程的李群方法 ,研究了外噪声影响下的非平衡相变模型对应的Fokker Planck(FP)方程 ,得出了含时间概率密度P(x ,t)的严格表达式 ;讨论了最可几值x随时间的变化 .在时间t→∞时 ,由严格解给出了概率密度的定态解Pst(x) ,并讨论了此时的最可几值x与确定性描述的区别 .