Nonlinear Time History Analysis for the Different Column Orientations under Seismic Wave Synthetic Approach

The significant impact of earthquakes on human lives and the built environment underscores the extensive human and economic losses caused by structural collapses. Over the years, researchers have focused on improving seismic design to mitigate earthquake-induced damages and enhance structural performance. In this study, a specific reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure at Kyungpook National University, designed for educational purposes, is analyzed as a representative case. Utilizing SAP 2000, the research conducts a nonlinear time history analysis to assess the structural performance under seismic conditions. The primary objective is to evaluate the influence of different column section designs, while maintaining identical column section areas, on structural behavior. The study employs two distinct seismic waves from Abeno (ABN) and Takatori (TKT) for the analysis, comparing the structural performance under varying seismic conditions. Key aspects examined include displacement, base shear force, base moment, joint radians, and layer displacement angle. This research is anticipated to serve as a valuable reference for seismic restraint reinforcement work on RC buildings, enriching the methods used for evaluating structures through nonlinear time history analysis based on the synthetic seismic wave approach.

Evaluation of the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete structures with flat slab-column gravity frame and shear walls through nonlinear analysis methods

This paper presents an investigation of the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete(RC)structures in which shear walls are the main lateral load-resisting elements and the participation of flat slab floor systems is not considered in the seismic design procedure.In this regard,the behavior of six prototype structures(with different heights and plan layouts)is investigated through nonlinear static and time history analyses,implemented in the OpenSees platform.The results of the analyses are presented in terms of the behavior of the slab-column connections and their mode of failure at different loading stages.Moreover,the global response of the buildings is discussed in terms of some parameters,such as lateral overstrength due to the gravity flat slab-column frames.According to the nonlinear static analyses,in structures in which the slab-column connections were designed only for gravity loads,the slab-column connections exhibited a punching mode of failure even in the early stages of loading.However,the punching failure was eliminated in structures in which a minimum transverse reinforcement recommended in ACI 318(2019)was provided in the slabs at joint regions.Furthermore,despite neglecting the contribution of gravity flat slab-column frames in the lateral load resistance of the structures,a relatively significant overstrength was imposed on the structures by the gravity frames.

Time-History Dynamic Characteristics of Reinforced Soil-Retaining Walls

Given the complexities of reinforced soil materials’constitutive relationships,this paper compares reinforced soil composite materials to a sliding structure between steel bars and soil and proposes a reinforced soil constitutive model that takes this sliding into account.A finite element dynamic time history calculation software for composite response analysis was created using the Fortran programming language,and time history analysis was performed on reinforced soil retaining walls and gravity retaining walls.The vibration time histories of reinforced soil retaining walls and gravity retaining walls were computed,and the dynamic reactions of the two types of retaining walls to vibration were compared and studied.The dynamic performance of reinforced earth retaining walls was evaluated.

Seismic elastic-plastic time history analysis and reliability study of quayside container crane

Quayside container crane is a kind of huge dimension steel structure,which is the major equipment used for handling container at modern ports.With the aim to validate the safety and reliability of the crane under seismic loads,besides conventional analysis,elastic-plastic time history analysis under rare seismic intensity is carried out.An ideal finite element（FEM） elastic-plastic mechanical model of the quayside container crane is presented by using ANSYS codes.Furthermore,according to elastic-plastic time history analysis theory,deformation,stress and damage pattern of the structure under rare seismic intensity are investigated.Based on the above analysis,the established reliability model according to the reliability theory,together with seismic reliability analysis based on Monte-Carlo simulation is applied to practical analysis.The results show that the overall structure of the quayside container crane is generally unstable under rare seismic intensity,and the structure needs to be reinforced.

Time History Dynamic Analysis of a New Constructed Offshore Jacket Platform in Persian Gulf Due to Random Waves

API RP2AWSD is a design code in practice for design of jacket platforms in the Persian Gulf but is based on the Gulf of Mexico environmental condition. So for the sake of using this code for the Persian Gulf, it is better to perform a calibration based on this specific region. Analysis and design of jacket platforms based on API code are performed in a static manner and dynamic analysis is not recommended for such structures. Regarding the fact that the real behavior of the offshore jacket platforms is a dynamic behavior, so in this research, dynamic analysis for an offshore jacket platform in the Persian Gulf under extreme environmental condition is performed using random time domain method. Therefore, a new constructed offshore jacket platform in the Persian Gulf is selected and analyzed. Fifteen, 1-h storm, simulations for the water surface elevation is produced to capture the statistical properties of extreme sea condition. Time series of base shear and overturning moment are derived from both dynamic and static responses. By calculating the maximum dynamic amplification factor (DAF) from each simulation and fitting the collected data to Weibull distribution, the most probable maximum extreme (MPME) value for the DAF is achieved. Results show that a realistic value for DAF for this specific platform is 1.06, which is a notable value and is recommended to take into practice in design of fixed jacket platform in the Persian Gulf.

高烈度区框-筒结构组合减隔震抗震性能研究

随着社会经济发展,我国高层建筑数量与日俱增,减震、隔震技术逐渐在高层结构中应用,并且提出了减震、隔震装置联合使用的新型组合减隔震技术。本文为研究高层组合减隔震结构中阻尼器布置位置对隔震效果的影响,针对高烈度区某框架-核心筒结构采取传统抗震、隔震、隔震-隔震层减震和隔震-非隔震层减震4种抗震方案,并选取7条地震波,通过Perform-3D软件对其分别进行罕遇地震和极罕遇地震下的弹塑性时程分析。对比结构宏观指标发现:相比隔震结构,组合减隔震结构能有效降低地震响应;黏滞阻尼器设置在非隔震层的组合减隔震结构抗震效果最佳,提高了结构安全度。

Non-linear buffeting response analysis of long-span suspension bridges with central buckle

The rigid central buckle employed in the Runyang Suspension Bridge (RSB) was the first time it was used in a suspension bridge in China. By using a spectral representation method and FFT technique combined with measured data,a 3D fluctuating wind field considering the tower wind effect is simulated. A novel FE model for buffeting analysis is then presented,in which a specific user-defined Matrix27 element in ANSYS is employed to simulate the aeroelastic forces and its stiffness or damping matrices are parameterized by wind velocity and vibration frequency. A nonlinear time history analysis is carried out to study the influence of the rigid central buckle on the wind-induced buffeting response of a long-span suspension bridge. The results can be used as a reference for wind resistance design of long-span suspension bridges with a rigid central buckle in the future.

Application of strength reduction method to dynamic anti-sliding stability analysis of high gravity dam with complex dam foundation

Considering that there are some limitations in analyzing the anti-sliding seismic stability of dam-foundation systems with the traditional pseudo-static method and response spectrum method, the dynamic strength reduction method was used to study the deep anti-sliding stability of a high gravity dam with a complex dam foundation in response to strong earthquake-induced ground action. Based on static anti-sliding stability analysis of the dam foundation undertaken by decreasing the shear strength parameters of the rock mass in equal proportion, the seismic time history analysis was carried out. The proposed instability criterion for the dynamic strength reduction method was that the peak values of dynamic displacements and plastic strain energy change suddenly with the increase of the strength reduction factor. The elasto-plastic behavior of the dam foundation was idealized using the Drucker-Prager yield criterion based on the associated flow rule assumption. The result of elasto-plastic time history analysis of an overflow dam monolith based on the dynamic strength reduction method was compared with that of the dynamic linear elastic analysis, and the reliability of elasto-plastic time history analysis was confirmed. The results also show that the safety factors of the dam-foundation system in the static and dynamic cases are 3.25 and 3.0, respectively, and that the F2 fault has a significant influence on the anti-sliding stability of the high gravity dam. It is also concluded that the proposed instability criterion for the dynamic strength reduction method is feasible.

Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Single-Story Reinforced Concrete Industrial Buildings with Seismic Fortification

As there is a lack of earthquake damage data for factory buildings with seismic fortifications in China,seismic vulnerability analysis was performed by numerical simulation in this paper.The earthquake-structure analysis model was developed with considering the influence of uncertainties of the ground motion and structural model parameters.The small-size sampling was conducted based on the Latin hypercube sampling and orthogonal design methods.Using nonlinear analysis,the seismic vulnerability curves and damage probability matrix with various seismic fortification intensities(SFI)were obtained.The seismic capacity of the factory building was then evaluated.The results showed that,with different designs at different SFIs,the factory building could consistently achieve the three seismic fortification objectives.For the studied factory buildings with the SFI of 6,they satisfied the seismic fortification requirements of“no damage in moderate earthquakes,mendable in strong earthquakes”;for those buildings with SFIs of 7 and 8,the requirement of“no collapsing in super strong earthquakes”was generally met;while for those with SFIs of 9,the requirement of“mendable in moderate earthquakes”was almost satisfied.The results showed factory buildings designed with low SFIs are better at achieving the seismic fortification objectives than those designed with high SFIs.

地震作用下拱肋-一字撑损伤模式与抗震性能评价

横撑是肋拱桥在地震作用下最易发生损伤的部位之一。为了研究地震作用下拱肋与横撑之间的相互作用及其对两者损伤模式的影响规律,首先基于某原型肋拱桥构建拱肋−一字撑简化分析模型,研究横撑刚度、布设位置和数量对结构动力特性和弹性稳定性的影响,设置总计20组对比分析工况;然后基于静力弹塑性分析,根据塑性铰形成路径和分布特点,识别5类典型的拱−撑损伤模式;最后采用非线性时程分析法,通过定义协同耗能指标ϕ、综合评价指标ξ等,对比分析各类损伤模式的动力响应特征和抗震性能。研究结果表明:静力弹塑性分析和非线性时程分析可以得到相互验证的5类拱−撑损伤模式;当拱−撑结构发生横撑→拱肋→拱脚(BRS)损伤模式时,结构的地震响应规律、抗震性能均明显优于其余4类损伤模式,且横撑、拱肋和拱脚的应变曲线峰值非常接近,三者可协同参与结构整体塑性耗能;所提ϕ和ξ可准确表征各类拱−撑损伤模式的抗震性能,当ϕ的绝对值越接近0或ξ越小时,拱−撑结构的协同耗能机制越好,整体抗震性能更优;当一字撑设计使拱−撑系统满足BRS损伤模式时,结构具有最优的抗震性能。所提出的损伤模式识别方法和量化评价指标可为今后同类拱桥一字型横撑的设计和结构抗震性能评价提供参考。

不同频谱特性地震动对高速铁路桥梁-轨道震后残余变形影响分析

以一座典型高速铁路五跨简支梁桥为例,建立了精细化高速铁路桥梁-轨道系统有限元模型。针对不同类型频谱特性选取了近场脉冲型、近场无脉冲型、远场长周期型和普通型地震动。输入不同频谱特性的地震动,对结构进行非线性时程响应分析,探究不同频谱特性地震动对轨道残余变形的影响规律及变形特点。结果表明:不同类型地震动对轨道残余变形的影响程度不同,轨道结构对近场脉冲型地震动的作用最为敏感;不同类型地震动作用下,轨道横向残余变形规律相似,均表现为全桥中间部分变形最大;每跨桥梁跨中竖向残余变形远大于桥墩(桥台)位置竖向残余变形;梁缝位置为轨道薄弱部分,轨距残余变形在每跨桥梁梁体连接处有明显尖刺状的突变。当PGA>0.2 g时,不同类型地震动作用下的轨道变形均随着PGA的增大而增大;当PGA=0.38 g时,桥梁已经进入塑性状态,地震动类型对于轨道残余变形的影响程度降低。

考虑不同桩-土相互作用模型的海上升压站抗震性能分析

由于海上升压站上部平台设有许多大质量专业设备,使其呈现“头重脚轻”的特征,直接借鉴传统海洋平台的设计方法难以准确评价海上升压站结构的承载能力与变形能力,其中桩-土相互作用对于地震作用下的结构动力响应分析的影响尤为显著。以国内某位于地震高烈度区的海上升压站为对象,分别基于等效线性桩长法、API规范p-y曲线法、修正p-y曲线法建立3种不同考虑桩-土相互作用的计算模型,对比中震作用下结构的抗震性能。结果表明,基于3种模型校核该海上升压站结构均符合抗震设防要求;海上升压站结构受竖向地震作用影响较明显;在砂土层占比较高的地基条件下,使用修正p-y曲线方法可以更合理地模拟桩-土相互作用。

多自由度结构-串并联调谐质量阻尼器减震性能

针对提出的串并联调谐质量阻尼器(TTMD)减震系统,采用粒子群算法,在频域内对多自由度结构⁃TTMD系统进行优化分析。建立多自由度结构⁃TTMD系统减震控制仿真分析模型,分别考虑不同类型实际地震记录,在时域内研究了TTMD对结构地震响应的控制效率,并与相同总质量比的调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)进行比较。进一步考虑了结构刚度发生10%和30%退化的情况,分析了TTMD系统对刚度退化结构的减震效果。数值结果表明,TTMD系统减震性能和鲁棒性能优于TMD系统,且具有阻尼需求小、安装简单、易于实现等优势,是一种增强型减震系统。

地震下三塔悬索桥主缆-鞍座摩擦滑移行为及其影响

三塔悬索桥中塔两侧主缆并未直接与锚锭连接,中塔处主缆的纵向约束较弱,地震下主缆-鞍座易发生显著的摩擦滑移。为了揭示三塔悬索桥中主缆-鞍座摩擦滑移及其对结构地震响应的影响规律,本文依托浔江大桥实际工程,建立了三塔悬索桥的非线性有限元模型,利用摩擦单元重现了主缆-鞍座界面的摩擦滑移行为,揭示了地震下主缆在边塔和中塔处的不同滑移变位,分析了摩擦系数对于界面滑移、主塔内力等响应量的影响规律。分析结果表明:摩擦系数大于0.1,在设计地震下主缆-索鞍界面无摩擦滑移,而在罕遇地震和极罕遇地震下,有一定的摩擦滑移,最大摩擦滑移量随着摩擦系数增大而减小;主缆-索鞍界面在地震作用下会发生明显滞回现象,最大可提供约2.0%的等效阻尼比;边塔顶剪力对塔底弯矩的贡献率达到了50%~70%,而中塔由于设置阻尼器,剪力贡献率仅为20%~40%;适当减小摩擦系数有利于降低塔的响应,但摩擦系数降低至0.001时,主缆将失去对塔变形的约束能力,将显著改变塔的变形模式与动力效应。

巨型钢框架-双钢板组合剪力墙住宅体系力学性能探究

在巨型结构体系的基础上提出巨型钢框架-双钢板组合剪力墙住宅体系。基于实际超高层混凝土住宅工程背景建立高度为156 m的计算模型,对其进行弹性反应分析及弹塑性时程分析以评估结构力学性能。通过对比主次结构不同的连接假定,探究主次结构连接方式对于结构整体性能及关键结构构件的影响。基于ABAQUS软件分析了次结构与双钢板组合剪力墙之间采用不同连接方式对剪力墙各部件的影响。最后对该结构体系进行经济性分析。研究结果表明:该结构体系能满足建筑户型无柱大空间设计要求且具有优良的力学性能和经济性指标,在设计中主、次结构连接推荐采用铰接连接。研究结果可为巨型钢框架-双钢板组合剪力墙结构的设计提供参考。

独塔非对称钢-混混合梁斜拉桥抗震性能研究

【目的】研究独塔非对称钢-混混合梁斜拉桥的抗震性能,并探明非对称结构地震响应的差异。【方法】以长沙香炉洲大桥西汊航道桥为依托,采用MidasCivil软件建立非对称钢-混混合梁斜拉桥全桥有限元模型,分别采用反应谱法和非线性时程分析法对其进行地震响应分析,并重点研究了结构非对称性对斜拉桥辅助墩、过渡墩及其桩基抗震性能的影响。【结果】独塔非对称钢-混混合梁斜拉桥的动力特性和地震响应规律呈现出明显的非对称性,非对称布置的两过渡墩和两辅助墩在地震作用下的内力响应存在较大差异,结构的非对称性对横向地震更加敏感,在抗震设计时应予以重视;除两过渡墩桩基外,长沙香炉洲大桥按照静力计算设计的结构尺寸及配筋形式均能满足各工况地震作用下的抗震性能目标;塔身、墩身在横向+竖向地震作用下的安全储备均大于纵向+竖向地震的,桩基在横向+竖向地震作用下的安全储备几乎都小于纵向+竖向地震的;受结构非对称性的影响,边跨的27#过渡墩桩基总是先于主跨的31#过渡墩桩基发生破坏;在横向地震作用下,受群桩承台影响横向各排桩基地震轴力有较大差异。【结论】从经济性和抗震合理性角度出发,应对独塔非对称钢-混混合梁斜拉桥进行差异化的抗震设计,研究成果可为非对称斜拉桥及其他非对称桥梁结构的抗震设计提供有益参考。

FE Dynamic Analysis Using Moving Support Element on Multi-Span Beams Subjected to Support Motions

In the present study, finite element dynamic analysis or time history analysis of two-span beams subjected to asynchronous multi-support motions is carried out by using the moving support finite element. The elemental equation of the element is based on total displacements and is derived under the concept of the quasi-static displacement decomposition. The use of moving support element shows that the element is very simple and convenient to represent continuous beam moving, deforming and vibrating simultaneously due to support motions. The comparison between the numerical results and analytical solutions indicates that the FE result agrees with the analytical solution.

基于位移-速度输入法结构多点激励FPS支座隔震效果研究

受行波效应、相干效应、场地效应的影响,大跨度结构的多点激励地震反应分析非常复杂,且考虑多点激励下对大跨空间网格结构隔震性能的影响是结构工程抗震方向中有重大意义的研究课题。以单层圆柱面大跨度空间网架结构为研究对象,基于直接位移法,应用SAP2000有限元软件建立了多点激励动力反应时程分析模型,进行结构在地震动一致激励和多点激励作用下的动力反应分析计算。结果表明:水平地震动多点激励效应对大跨度空间结构的影响十分显著,需采取使用多点激励输入方式。不设置隔震支座时,多点激励下,支撑柱弯矩与剪力随波速的减小而明显增加,柱顶位移变小,中柱轴力略微上升。基础隔震时,各支撑柱柱顶内力与位移的分配较无隔震时存在差异。边柱的弯矩、剪力及轴力均小于中柱的相应值,但柱顶位移增加明显。柱弯矩减震效率保持在45%~75%,柱剪力减震效率保持在60%~85%;柱顶隔震时,能得到比基础隔震更高的隔震效率,且柱弯矩隔震效率高达90%左右,柱剪力隔震效率保持在85%~90%。柱顶位移显著减小,柱轴力比基础隔震时略有增加。

高烈度区大底盘框支-剪力墙隔震结构地震响应分析

对经济性要求较高的高烈度区高层住宅剪力墙结构,采用隔震措施可以有效地降低上部结构的水平地震作用,从而减小结构的设计截面尺寸和配筋;而且隔震结构有非常优良的减震耗能效果,能提升结构的安全冗余度。本文以8度区大底盘框支-剪力墙高层结构为研究对象,根据新《隔震设计标准》进行隔震设计研究,选取5条天然波和2条人工波进行了时程分析计算,得到隔震结构的减震设计效果。采取隔震措施,可以有效的降低上部结构的地震作用。对转换桁架进行了设防地震下的响应分析,得到转换桁架可满足抗震设计要求。

BRB加固对高层砼框-剪结构减震影响

根据防屈曲耗能支撑的工作原理与力学性能,进行既有高层框-剪结构布置防屈曲耗能支撑研究.以BRB承担层剪力占比为设计依据,使用SAP2000结构非线性有限元软件研究了单斜式和倒V式两种不同布置形式下,各3种竖向不同楼层布置方案结构动力时程响应、BRB耗能占比、剪力墙应力分布等特点.分析表明:在结构下部布置防屈曲耗能支撑具有减震作用;罕遇地震作用下,结构下部布置防屈曲耗能支撑不仅能够承担较大耗能,也对结构峰值响应下的剪力墙应力的减幅最大,该布置方案可为高层框-剪结构布置防屈曲耗能支撑的工程实践提供参考.