A time-dependent density functional theory investigation of plasmon resonances of linear Au atomic chains

We report theoretical studies on the plasmon resonances in linear Au atomic chains by using ab initio time- dependent density functional theory. The dipole responses are investigated each as a function of chain length. They converge into a single resonance in the longitudinal mode but split into two transverse modes. As the chain length increases, the longitudinal plasmon mode is redshifted in energy while the transverse modes shift in the opposite direction （blueshifts）. In addition, the energy gap between the two transverse modes reduces with chain length increasing. We find that there are unique characteristics, different from those of other metallic chains. These characteristics are crucial to atomic-scale engineering of single-molecule sensing, optical spectroscopy, and so on.

Theoretical Study on the Optical Properties for 2,7- and 3,6-Linked Carbazole Trimers by Time-dependent Density Functional Theory

Electronic properties, such as HOMO and LUMO energies, band gaps, ionization potential （IP） and electron affinity （EA） of 2,7- and 3,6-1inked carbazole trimers, two conjugated oligomcrs with different linkages of carbazole, were studicd by the density functional theory with Becke-Lee-Young-Parr composite exchange correlation functional （B3LYP）. The absorption spectra of these compounds were also investigated by time-dependent density functional theory （TD-DFT） with 6-3 IG＊ basis set. The calculated results indicated that the HOMO and LUMO of the 2,7- and 3,6-1inked carbazole trimers are both slightly destabilized on going from methyl substitution to sec-butyl substitution. Both IP and EA exhibit their good hole-transporting but poor electronaccepting ability. The presence of alkyl groups on the nitrogen atoms does not affect the intra-chain electronic delocalization along the molecular frame. Thus no significant effect on the band gap and absorption spectra of compounds has been found.

Theoretical investigation on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer in Me_2N substituted flavonoid by the time-dependent density functional theory method

Time-dependent density functional theory（TDDFT） method is used to investigate the details of the excited state intramolecular proton transfer（ESIPT） process and the mechanism for temperature effect on the Enol＊/Keto＊emission ratio for the Me2N-substited flavonoid（MNF） compound. The geometric structures of the S0 and S1 states are denoted as the Enol, Enol＊, and Keto＊. In addition, the absorption and fluorescence peaks are also calculated. It is noted that the calculated large Stokes shift is in good agreement with the experimental result. Furthermore, our results confirm that the ESIPT process happens upon photoexcitation, which is distinctly monitored by the formation and disappearance of the characteristic peaks of infrared（IR） spectra involved in the proton transfer and in the potential energy curves. Besides, the calculations of highest occupied molecular orbital（HOMO） and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital（LUMO） reveal that the electronegativity change of proton acceptor due to the intramolecular charge redistribution in the S1 state induces the ESIPT. Moreover, the thermodynamic calculation for the MNF shows that the Enol＊/Keto＊emission ratio decreasing with temperature increasing arises from the barrier lowering of ESIPT.

Time-dependent density functional theoretical studies on the photo-induced dynamics of an HCI molecule encapsulated in C60 under femtosecond laser pulses

By using first-principles simulations based on time-dependent density functional theory, the chemical reaction of an HCl molecule encapsulated in C60 induced by femtosecond laser pulses is observed. The H atom starts to leave the Cl atom and is reflected by the C60 wall. The coherent nuclear dynamic behaviors of bond breakage and recombination of the HCl molecule occurring in both polarized parallel and perpendicular to the H-Cl bond axis are investigated. The radial oscillation is also found in the two polarization directions of the laser pulse. The relaxation time of the H-Cl bond lengths in transverse polarization is slow in comparison with that in longitudinal polarization. Those results are important for studying the dynamics of the chemical bond at an atomic level.

The Effects of Oxidation States and Spin States of Chromium Interaction with <i>Sargassum Sp</i>.: A Spectroscopic and Density Functional Theoretical Study

The study of various oxidation states of chromium with Sargassum sp. is of particular interest since hexavalent chromium is reduced to trivalent chromium in an aqueous solution. In this study, a systematic density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to study the interactions of transition metal chromium ion with different oxidation states and spin states with the Sargassum sp. decorated with carboxylate (acetate) at the wB97XD/6-311++ G(d,p) level of theory. The structures and binding energies of chromium metal-carboxylate complexes at various oxidation states and spin states in gas phase were examined. The coordination strength of Cr(VI) with the acetate ligand was predominantly the strongest compared to the other oxidation states. Vibrational frequency analysis, for the homoleptic monomers of tris [CrIII(AC)3]0 and [CrVI(AC)3]3+ complexes, illustrate good harmony with the experimental and theoretical calculated frequencies. Using the time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) at the level of CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p), the vertical excitation energies were obtained. The stabilization energies derived using the second order perturbation theory, Eij(2), of NBO analysis confirmed the greater charge transfer for the observed trends in the metal binding. The calculated binding energies (ΔE) and interactions energies SEij(2) favor the formation of [CrVI(AC)3]3+ complexes. The findings of this study identify efficient electronic factors as major contributors to the metal binding affinities, with promising possibilities for the design of metal-ligand complexes and sensing of the metal ions.

Investigation of Structural and Electronic Properties of [Tris(Benzene-1,2-Dithiolato)M]^3-(M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe and Co) Complexes: A Spectroscopic and Density Functional Theoretical Study

In this study, the first raw transition metals from V to Co complexes with benzene-1,2-dithiolate (L2-) ligand have been studied theoretically to elucidate the geometry, electronic structure and spectroscopic properties of the complexes. Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) methods have been used. The ground state geometries, binding energies, spectral properties (UV-vis), frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) analysis, charge analysis and natural bond orbital (NBO) have been investigated. The geometrical parameters are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The metal-ligand binding energies are 1 order of magnitude larger than the physisorption energy of a benzene-1, 2-dthiolate molecule on a metallic surface. The electronic structures of the first raw transition metal series from V to Co have been elucidated by UV-vis spectroscopic using DFT calculations. In accordance with experiment the calculated electronic spectra of these tris complexes show bands at 522, 565, 559, 546 and 863 nm for V3+, Cr3+, Mn3+, Fe3+ and Co3+ respectively which are mainly attributed to ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT) transitions. The electronic properties analysis shows that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is mainly centered on metal coordinated sulfur atoms whereas the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is mainly located on the metal surface. From calculation of intramolecular interactions and electron delocalization by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, the stability of the complexes was estimated. The NBO results showed significant charge transfer from sulfur to central metal ions in the complexes, as well as to the benzene. The calculated charges on metal ions are also reported at various charge schemes. The calculations show encouraging agreement with the available experimental data.

Time-dependent density-functional theory for open electronic systems

Time-dependent density-functional theory(TDDFT)has been successfully applied to predict excited-state properties of isolated and periodic systems.However,it cannot address a system coupled to an environment or whose number of electrons is not conserved.To tackle these problems,TDDFT needs to be extended to accommodate open systems.This paper provides a comprehensive account of the recent developments of TDDFT for open systems(TDDFT-OS),including both theoretical and practical aspects.The practicality and accuracy of a latest TDDFT-OS method is demonstrated with two numerical examples:the time-dependent electron transport through a series of quasi-one-dimensional atomic chains,and the real-time electronic dynamics on a two-dimensional graphene surface.The advancement of TDDFT-OS may lead to promising applications in various fields of chemistry,including energy conversion and heterogeneous catalysis.

Chiroptical properties of artemisinin and artemether investigated using time-dependent density functional theory

Chiroptical properties including electronic circular dichroism（ECD） and optical rotatory dispersion（ORD） of artemisinin and artemether have been fully studied using quantum-chemical calculation based on time-dependent density functional theory.Both theoretical ECD and ORD of these two compounds were in good match with the experimental data.ECD spectrum of artemether could be totally attributed to the peroxide group,and that of artemisinin was an overlay of contribution from δ-lactone and peroxide moieties,which leading to a positive maximum at 260 nm.Our results showed that peroxide group could produce a broad ECD band in the far-UV region originated from electron transitions of HOMO →LUMO,HOMO-1 →LUMO and HOMO-2 →LUMO in the case of artemether.This work provided a theoretical interpretation of the ECD behavior of peroxide bond.

Effective Maxwell Equations from Time-dependent Density Functional Theory

The behavior of interacting electrons in a perfect crystal under macroscopic external electric and magnetic fields is studied. Effective Maxwell equations for the macroscopic electric and magnetic fields are derived starting from time-dependent density functional theory. Effective permittivity and permeability coefficients are obtained.

Time-dependent relativistic density functional study of Yb and YbO

The low-lying electronic states of Yb and YbO are investigated by using time-dependent relativistic density functional theory,which is based on the newly developed exact two-component Hamiltonian resulting from symmetrized elimination of the small component.The nature of the excited states is analyzed by using the full molecular symmetry.The calculated results support the previous experimental assignment of the ground and excited states of YbO.

超小尺寸银团簇:类分子结构模拟与吸收光谱计算

基于密度泛函理论和含时密度泛函理论研究了多种带中性和正电荷的超小尺寸银团簇([Ag_(m)]^(n+),m=2~8,n=0~2)的几何结构、电子结构和吸收光谱特征。研究结果表明,超小尺寸银团簇的电子能级结构和吸收光谱受到团簇尺寸、对称性、开闭壳层以及电荷等多种因素的共同影响。平均结合能计算结果表明,中性超小尺寸银团簇尺寸的增大使其稳定性逐渐增强。但带正电荷的超小尺寸银团簇由于奇偶振荡现象的影响,使其在阴离子多面体网络中优势构型不一定为最低能量构型。该研究为辨认荧光玻璃中特定构型的银团簇的特征发光,构建了超小尺寸银团簇的几何结构、电子结构和吸收光谱数据集,也能为拓展超小尺寸银团簇在其他各类无机以及有机配体中的结构与光谱研究提供理论数据支撑。

O_(2)在金团簇阳离子上的吸附:键合强度和活化程度的分析

本文结合团簇反应动力学实验和量子化学计算,研究了O_(2)在金团簇阳离子上的吸附与活化.实验发现,在温和条件下,Au_(10)^(+)能快速吸附单个O_(2)分子形成Au_(10)O_(2)^(+);Au_(2)^(+)和Au_(4)^(+)的反应性则较低,但相应的氩络合物Au_(2)ArO_(2)^(+)和Au_(4)Ar_(1,2)O_(2)^(+)很容易形成;除此之外,其他尺寸的团簇都表现出反应惰性.理论计算表明,O_(2)倾向于以端接的方式吸附在具有线型或平面型结构的Au_(n)^(+)(n=2~7)簇和Au_(8)^(+)的平面异构体上,并表现出极低的活化程度吸附在具有三维结构的Au_(n)^(+)(n=9,11,13)簇上的O_(2)也呈现出类似的特征。与此形成鲜明对比的是,在Au_(8)^(+)的三维异构体和n=10,12,14的偶数大尺寸Au_(n)^(+)上,O_(2)倾向于以侧向桥接的方式吸附并被高度活化.理论预测的O_(2)在团簇上的键合强度结合动力学因素影响,合理地解释了实验中观察到的反应产物Au_(2,4,10)O_(2)^(+),Au_(2)ArO_(2)^(+)和Au_(4)ArO_(2)^(+).

三碘甲状腺素团簇结构与光谱性质的密度泛函理论研究

我们利用密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP/Lan12mb基组水平上,得到了三碘甲状腺素团簇的几何和电子结构.在此基础上,利用含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT),使用相同的基组和采用极化连续介质模型(PCM),对其溶剂效应下的吸收光谱进行研究.研究结果表明,优化所得三碘甲状腺素团簇的对称性为C1;在基态稳定结构基础上,研究了该分子的红外和拉曼分子振动谱特性,同时研究了其输运性质,即三碘甲状腺素团簇为p型输运材料;通过含时密度泛函理论,在优化好的基态结构基础上,又计算了它的溶剂效应,进一步得出该分子在水溶剂中的吸收光谱特性.

肉桂酸衍生物的太赫兹光谱及弱相互作用分析

利用太赫兹时域光谱技术(THz-TDS)测试了对羟基肉桂酸(PCA)、反式-2-羟基肉桂酸(OCA)和4-氟肉桂酸(4-FCA)三种肉桂酸的衍生物(CADs)在0.5~3.5 THz范围内的吸收峰。基于密度泛函理论(DFT),借助振动模式自动关联判定方法(VMARD)对三种样品THz吸收峰的来源进行了指认。最后采用分子力场能量分解法(EDAFF)分析了分子体系的弱相互作用力形式,通过VMD绘制原子着色图进行了可视化分析,并研究了其原子在分子体系中对弱相互作用力的贡献类型和强弱。研究结果表明,基于THz-TDS、DFT与VMARD、EDA-FF方法结合不但能有效地辨别同分异构体及结构近似的有机分子,而且也能为其生化功能揭示提供有价值的参考数据。

有机给体-受体结构光诱导过程的非绝热动力学模拟:方法与应用

有机太阳能电池的核心组成是有机给体-受体(donor-acceptor,D-A)结构.探究有机给体-受体结构的光激发后的动力学过程对设计新型有机太阳能电池非常重要.非绝热动力学模拟是研究该过程的重要理论方法.然而,相比于小分子体系,有机给体-受体结构通常较为复杂,计算量大,难以采用高精度的非绝热动力学模拟方法.为了克服这一困难,介绍了课题组所发展基于线性响应-含时密度泛函(LR-TDDFT)理论的非绝热动力学模拟方法,通过结合多种分析方法,可以有效的探究有机给体-受体结构光诱导的动力学过程,如电荷转移过程\,能量转移过程\,激子动力学等.该方法不仅可以用于解释现有的实验结果,还可以为后续设计新型有机给体-受体结构提供帮助.

基于激发态分子内质子转移过程的HBT-OMe分子检测HClO的荧光增强机理

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TDDFT)方法,基于连续介质模型,对HBT-OMe分子及其与HClO反应的产物基态和激发态结构及电荷分布等性质进行研究,优化构型结果表明,HBT-OMe分子不能发生质子转移过程而其产物分子则能发生.红外振动光谱与分子共价作用分析进一步证实产物分子能发生质子转移过程.计算的前线分子轨道结果表明:HBT-OMe分子存在扭曲电荷转移(TICT)过程,最高已占据分子轨道(HOMO)和最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)电荷密度重叠小导致HBT-OMe分子荧光强度弱,结合产物分子势能曲线发现,产物分子质子转移过程能抑制分子的TICT过程,从而使其荧光强度增强.

基于密度泛函理论的沙林毒剂近红外光谱研究

近红外光谱涵盖了有机分子中C—H,N—H和O—H等含氢基团的倍频和合频产生的光谱,提供了分子的结构、组成、状态等信息,是研究有机物含氢基团振动的重要方法,常用于食品、农作物等的定性定量分析。生化领域内所研究对象也都含有氢基团,这些含氢基团吸收频率特征性强,受分子内外环境影响小,近红外光谱特性更稳定,故可用于化学战剂和危险化学品检测。沙林是一种神经性化学毒剂,研究其结构、化学特性及光谱性质时,为保证安全,实验中常用模拟剂样品代替测试,但目前尚无公允的沙林毒剂近红外模拟剂。采用密度泛函理论(DFT),基于Gaussian程序包,利用B3LYP/def2-SVP对沙林分子进行基态结构优化,计算了沙林分子的精细结构和分子基频振动模式,引入广义二阶微扰理论(GVPT2)建立了模拟生化毒剂近红外光谱的理论模型,得到近红外振动峰与主要振动模式,由倍频(Overtones)和合频(Combination Bands)振动绘制得到近红外光谱。对沙林在近红外区域内的含氢基团进行解析,对其特征峰进行指认,得到沙林分子在1150、1362和1500 nm处的三个特征峰及其振动模式,其中1150 nm峰是由多个倍频和合频的组合振动贡献产生;1362 nm是一个较宽的吸收振动峰,主要由分子中与C原子相连的原子合频和其他的非C,H原子产生的倍频或合频引起的;1500 nm位置的近红外振动峰主要由C8相关的振动模式贡献产生。通过密度泛函理论建立沙林的近红外光谱理论模型,通过实验验证了其理论模型的可行性,为寻找其近红外光谱模拟剂提供理论支撑。

异烟酰胺-戊二酸-吡嗪酰胺三元共晶的太赫兹光谱和DFT计算

三元共晶是在二元共晶的基础上发展的一种新型共晶设计策略,可以在不影响药物固有生物活性和相应药理活性的情况下改善药物的理化性质,因此三元共晶在药物研究和开发方面具有巨大的潜力。由于三元共晶会涉及三种不同分子的复杂组装,其复杂程度随着参与药物共晶的分子种类和数量的增加而增加,潜在的共晶氢键结合位点数量也随之增加,所以很难获得特定的三元共晶,关于特定三元共晶系统的微观分子结构方面的报道也很少。为了理解三元共晶结构的氢键形式,通过检测手段获取三元共晶体系中相关二元及三元共晶的分子结构信息对了解三元药物共晶的复杂形成过程尤为重要。采用机械研磨方法成功地合成了异烟酰胺-戊二酸、吡嗪酰胺-戊二酸二元共晶和异烟酰胺-戊二酸-吡嗪酰胺三元共晶,通过太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算对二元共晶和三元共晶结构进行研究。太赫兹光谱实验结果表明,二元和三元共晶都显示出各自独特的光谱特征。晶体结构分析表明异烟酰胺-戊二酸-吡嗪酰胺三元共晶结构中戊二酸一侧羧基中的羟基与异烟酰胺中的吡啶N形成羧基-吡啶N氢键异合成元,而异烟酰胺中的酰胺与吡嗪酰胺中的酰胺形成酰胺-酰胺氢键同合成元。最后,将DFT计算得到的理论太赫兹光谱与实验进行对比,发现异烟酰胺-戊二酸、吡嗪酰胺-戊二酸二元共晶氢键形式的叠加与异烟酰胺-戊二酸-吡嗪酰胺三元共晶的氢键形式并不是完全一致的,但是这两种二元共晶的氢键形式对预测三元共晶的氢键形式具有极为重要的参考价值。这些结果为新兴的药物共晶领域在分子水平上研究特定三元共晶的分子组装和分子间相互作用提供了丰富的信息和独特的方法。

基于集成方法的电子光谱吸收能计算校正模型

针对量子化学计算中密度泛函理论在求解较大或复杂分子体系时所出现的计算量巨大且计算精度无法满足研究需求的问题,通过机器学习与量子化学相结合的方式提出一种集成的计算精度校正模型。该模型以多次回归迭代并最终加权平均的形式将GRNN(广义回归神经网络)基学习器集成进AdaBoost模型,并应用于电子光谱吸收能的TDDFT(依时密度泛函理论)计算精度校正。模型结合了神经网络与迭代集成模型的优势,在包含433个有机分子的TDDFT计算数据集上予以实验,并与其他回归模型进行了参照对比。实验结果显示,该集成模型在推荐的STO-3G基组上可将吸收能的TDDFT计算精度MAE与RMSE分别由0.62与0.79降至0.11与0.14。同时,该模型的OECD评价参数R^(2)、Q^(2)与Q^(2)_(cv)值分别为0.97、0.98与0.99,表明该模型具有准确、稳健、高效的特性,在节省计算实验资源的前提下,体现了其在计算精度、拟合优度与稳定性等各方面的优势。