Comparison of delay compensation methods for real-time hybrid simulation using frequency-domain evaluation index

The delay compensation method plays an essential role in maintaining the stability and achieving accurate real-time hybrid simulation results. The effectiveness of various compensation methods in different test scenarios, however, needs to be quantitatively evaluated. In this study, four compensation methods （i.e., the polynomial extrapolation, the linear acceleration extrapolation, the inverse compensation and the adaptive inverse compensation） are selected and compared experimentally using a frequency evaluation index （FEI） method. The effectiveness of the FEI method is first verified through comparison with the discrete transfer fimction approach for compensation methods assuming constant delay. Incomparable advantage is further demonstrated for the FEI method when applied to adaptive compensation methods, where the discrete transfer function approach is difficult to implement. Both numerical simulation and laboratory tests with predefined displacements are conducted using sinusoidal signals and random signals as inputs. Findings from numerical simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the FEI method is an efficient and effective approach to compare the performance of different compensation methods, especially for those requiring adaptation of compensation parameters.

A spatiotemporal evolution model of a short-circuit arc to a secondary arc based on the improved charge simulation method

The initial shape of the secondary arc considerably influences its subsequent shape.To establish the model for the arcing time of the secondary arc and modify the single-phase reclosing sequence,theoretical and experimental analysis of the evolution process of the short-circuit arc to the secondary arc is critical.In this study,an improved charge simulation method was used to develop the internal-space electric-field model of the short-circuit arc.The intensity of the electric field was used as an independent variable to describe the initial shape of the secondary arc.A secondary arc evolution model was developed based on this model.Moreover,the accuracy of the model was evaluated by comparison with physical experimental results.When the secondary arc current increased,the arcing time and dispersion increased.There is an overall trend of increasing arc length with increasing arcing time.Nevertheless,there is a reduction in arc length during arc ignition due to short circuits between the arc columns.Furthermore,the arcing time decreased in the range of 0°-90°as the angle between the wind direction and the x-axis increased.This work investigated the method by which short-circuit arcs evolve into secondary arcs.The results can be used to develop the secondary arc evolution model and to provide both a technical and theoretical basis for secondary arc suppression.

Finite difference time domain method forward simulation of complex geoelectricity ground penetrating radar model

The ground penetrating radar(GPR) forward simulation all aims at the singular and regular models, such as sandwich model, round cavity, square cavity, and so on, which are comparably simple. But as to the forward of curl interface underground or “v” figure complex model, it is difficult to realize. So it is important to forward the complex geoelectricity model. This paper takes two Maxwell’s vorticity equations as departure point, makes use of the principles of Yee’s space grid model theory and the basic principle finite difference time domain method, and deduces a GPR forward system of equation of two dimensional spaces. The Mur super absorbed boundary condition is adopted to solve the super strong reflection on the interceptive boundary when there is the forward simulation. And a self-made program is used to process forward simulation to two typical geoelectricity model.

Class of modified parallel combined methods of real-time numerical simulation for a stiff system

A class of modified parallel combined methods of real-time numerical simulation are presented for a stiff dynamic system. By combining the parallelism across the system with the parallelism across the method, and relaxing the dependence of stage value computation on sampling time of input function, a class of modified real-time parallel combined methods are constructed. Stiff and nonstiff subsystems are solved in parallel on a parallel computer by a parallel Rosen-brock method and a parallel RK method, respectively. Their order conditions and convergences are discussed. The numerical simulation experiments show that this class of modified algorithms can get high speed and efficiency.

Nonlinear Time-Domain Theory for the Simulation of Moored Floating Body Motion

Nonlinear wave loads can induce low-frequency and high-frequency resonance motions of a moored platform in deep water. For the analysis of the nonlinear response of an offshore platform under the action of irregular waves, the most widely used method in practice is the Cummins method, in which the second-order exciting forces in the time domain are computed by a two-term Volterra series model based on incident waves, first-order body motion response, and quadratic transfer functions(QTFs). QTFs are bichromatic waves acting on a body and are computed in the frequency domain in advance. For moving bodies, QTFs are related to the first-order body response, which is to be determined in the simulation process of body motion response but is unknown in the computation procedure of QTFs. In solving this problem, Teng and Cong(2017) proposed a method to divide the QTFs into different components,which are unrelated to the body response. With the application of the new QTF components, a modified Cummins method can be developed for the simulation of the nonlinear response of a moored floating platform. This paper presents a review of the theory.

Simulation on venting process and valve opening control method for gas trunk pipelines

Determining the venting time of a gas trunk pipeline segment provides an important basis for formulating an emergency plan in the advent of unexpected accidents.As the natural gas venting process corresponds to the transient flow,it is necessary to establish a transient hydraulic-thermal simulation model in order to determine the venting time.In this paper,based on two kinds of venting scenarios in which there is only one venting point in the venting system of a gas trunk pipeline segment—namely,where the venting point is either at one of the two ends or at the junction of two gas trunk pipeline segments—transient hydraulic-thermal simulation models are established.The models consist of gas flow governing equations,the gas state equation,gas physical property equations,initial conditions,and appropriate boundary conditions.The implicit central difference method is used to discretize the gas flow partial differential equations,and the trust-region-dogleg algorithm is used to solve the equations corresponding to each time step,in order to dynamically simulate the whole venting process.The judgment condition for the end of the venting process is that the average pressure of gas trunk pipeline segment is less than 0.11 MPa(actual pressure).Comparing the simulation results of the proposed model with those of the OLGA software and real operational data,we find that the venting time error is less than 10%.On this basis,a venting valve opening control principle is proposed,which prevents the venting noise from exceeded the specified noise value(85 d B)in the venting design of domestic gas pipeline projects.The established calculation model for venting time(dynamic simulation model)for a gas trunk pipeline segment and the proposed opening control principle of venting valve provide reference for the optimal operation of gas pipeline venting systems.

A numerical simulation of surface wave excitation in a rectangular planar-type plasma source

The principle of surface wave plasma discharge in a rectangular cavity is introduced simply based on surface plasmon polariton theory. The distribution of surface-wave electric field at the interface of the plasma-dielectric slab is investigated by using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method （3D-FDTD） with different slotantenna structures. And the experimental image of discharge with a novel slot antenna array and the simulation of the electric field with this slot antenna array are both displayed. Combined with the distribution of surface wave excitation and experimental results, the numerical simulation performed by using 3D-FDTD is shown to be a useful tool in the computer-aided antenna design for large area planar-type surface-wave plasma sources.

Rainfall-runoff simulation and flood forecasting for Huaihe Basin

The main purpose of this study was to forecast the inflow to Hongze Lake using the Xin＇anjiang rainfall-runoff model. The upper area of Hongze Lake in the Huaihe Basin was divided into 23 sub-basins, including the surface of Hongze Lake. The influence of reservoirs and gates on flood forecasting was considered in a practical and simple way. With a one-day time step, the linear and non-linear Muskingum method was used for channel flood routing, and the least-square regression model was used for real-time correction in flood forecasting. Representative historical data were collected for the model calibration. The hydrological model parameters for each sub-basin were calibrated individually, so the parameters of the Xin＇anjiang model were different for different sub-basins. This flood forecasting system was used in the real-time simulation of the large flood in 2005 and the results are satisfactory when compared with measured data from the flood.

Paradigm of Numerical Simulation of SpatialWind Field for Disaster Prevention of Transmission Tower Lines

Numerical simulation of the spatial wind field plays a very important role in the study of wind-induced response law of transmission tower structures.A reasonable construction of a numerical simulation method of the wind field is conducive to the study of wind-induced response law under the action of an actual wind field.Currently,many research studies rely on simulating spatial wind fields as Gaussian wind,often overlooking the basic non-Gaussian characteristics.This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the historical development and current state of spatial wind field simulations,along with a detailed introduction to standard simulation methods.Furthermore,it delves into the composition and unique characteristics of spatial winds.The process of fluctuating wind simulation based on the linear filter AR method is improved by introducing spatial correlation and non-Gaussian distribution characteristics.The numerical simulation method of the wind field is verified by taking the actual transmission tower as a calculation case.The results show that the method summarized in this paper has a broader application range and can effectively simulate the actual spatial wind field under various conditions,which provides a valuable data basis for the subsequent research on the wind-induced response of transmission tower lines.

Time-to-Count测量方法的应用研究

Time-to-Count方法是一种通过计算时间差来测量辐射强度的方法。通过控制加到探测元件上的高压,首先测量加上高压后到产生第一个脉冲计数之间的计数时间差,再根据计数时间差进一步计算出辐射强度。这种方法可以消除死时间、饱和电流和高端脉冲重叠等因素的影响,提高探测效率。利用蒙特卡罗方法对Time-to-Count测量方法进行计算机模拟,进一步证明Time-to-Count测量方法的可行性。

基于Simulink/RTW的RTX系统仿真建模方法

基于RTX的飞行器实时仿真在Visual C/C++开发环境下进行建模仿真,缺乏方便高效的建模工具,使得建模仿真存在诸多不便;针对该问题提出一种基于Simulink/RTW的RTX系统实时代码生成技术,通过对实时代码生成工具箱(RTW)中系统目标文件、模板联编文件和运行时接口支持文件的修改,直接将Simulink建立的图形化模型转化为RTX环境下可执行的实时仿真程序,大大简化了模型代码编写过程,提高仿真建模的效率;以该方法对某靶弹建模仿真,经测试仿真结果正确、实时性达到仿真要求。

Two-phase micro-and macro-time scales in particle-laden turbulent channel flows

The micro- and macro-time scales in two-phase turbulent channel flows are investigated using the direct nu- merical simulation and the Lagrangian particle trajectory methods for the fluid- and the particle-phases, respectively. Lagrangian and Eulerian time scales of both phases are cal- culated using velocity correlation functions. Due to flow anisotropy, micro-time scales are not the same with the theo- retical estimations in large Reynolds number （isotropic） tur- bulence. Lagrangian macro-time scales of particle-phase and of fluid-phase seen by particles are both dependent on particle Stokes number. The fluid-phase Lagrangian inte- gral time scales increase with distance from the wall, longer than those time scales seen by particles. The Eulerian inte- gral macro-time scales increase in near-wall regions but de- crease in out-layer regions. The moving Eulerian time scales are also investigated and compared with Lagrangian integral time scales, and in good agreement with previous measure- ments and numerical predictions. For the fluid particles the micro Eulerian time scales are longer than the Lagrangian ones in the near wall regions, while away from the walls the micro Lagrangian time scales are longer. The Lagrangian integral time scales are longer than the Eulerian ones. The results are useful for further understanding two-phase flow physics and especially for constructing accurate prediction models of inertial particle dispersion.

Direct numerical simulation of particle-fluid systems by combining time-driven hard-sphere model and lattice Boltzmann method

A coupled numerical method for the direct numerical simulation of particle-fluid systems is formulated and implemented, resolving an order of magnitude smaller than particle size. The particle motion is described by the time-driven hard-sphere model, while the hydrodynamic equations governing fluid flow are solved by the lattice Boltzmann method （LBM）, Particle-fluid coupling is realized by an immersed boundary method （IBM）, which considers the effect of boundary on surrounding fluid as a restoring force added to the governing equations of the fluid. The proposed scheme is validated in the classical flow-around-cylinder simulations, and preliminary application of this scheme to fluidization is reported, demonstrating it to be a promising computational strategy for better understanding complex behavior in particle-fluid systems.

Research and Application of Water Flooding Timing and Method for Blocky Bottom Water Fractured Buried Hill Reservoir

Oilfield A is a fractured buried hill reservoir in Bohai bay of China. In order to solve the difficult problem of water flooding timing and method in oilfield. Considering the characteristics of the buried hill fractures with stress sensitivity and strong heterogeneity, the ECLIPSE software was used in the research, and a three-dimensional injection-production numerical model for horizontal wells in buried hill reservoirs is established. According to the main research factors in water flooding, a series of water flooding schemes are designed, and the optimization of water flooding timing, oil recovery rate and water flooding mode in buried hill reservoirs were carried out. The results show that the optimum pressure level of fractured reservoir is about 70% of the original reservoir pressure. The optimal water flooding method is the conventional water flooding in the initial stage, when the water cut reaches 80%, it is converted into periodic water flooding. The oil recovery is the highest when the water injection period is 4 months. Field tests show that conventional water flooding is carried out in the initial stage of the oilfield A when the pressure is reduced to 70% of the original. Periodic water flooding is carried out when water cut is 80%. Good development results had been achieved in the 10 years since oilfield A was put into production. The average productivity of single well reached 300 m3/d in the initial stage, at present, the water cut is 60%, and the recovery degree is 18.5%, which is better than that of similar oilfields. This technology improves the water flooding effect of blocky bottom water fractured dual media reservoirs in metamorphic buried hills, and provides a reference for the development of similar reservoirs.

基于Simulink的三元锂电池建模与仿真研究

为了方便实时估算三元锂电池的荷电状态,对三元锂电池建立二阶RC模型,结合混合脉冲充放电试验并通过最小二乘法对二阶RC模型进行参数识别,提出基于安时积分法策略的扩展卡尔曼滤波的荷电状态估算方法.在Matlab/Simulink中建立仿真模型,仿真结果表明,与实际的荷电状态值相比,该估算方法可以估计电池的荷电状态,误差在3%以内.

PARALLEL ROSENBROCK METHODS FOR SOLVING STIFF SYSTEMS IN REAL-TIME SIMULATION

In this paper parallel Rosenbrock methods in real-time simulation are presented on parallel computers. Their construction, their convergence and their numerical stability are studied, and the numerical simulation experiments are conducted on a personal computer and a parallel computer respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

基于水光电力系统时序生产模拟模型的水光优化配比研究

基于考虑系统负荷、新能源发电出力等时序变化特性的时序生产模拟法,建立了水光电力系统时序生产模拟模型;从系统结构性、经济性、灵活性与可靠性方面综合确定最佳水光容量配比,并通过金沙江上游川藏段水光系统验证了模型的合理性。金沙江上游川藏段光伏电站与水电站出力具有较好的年内、日内互补特性;对于2030年水平年,考虑枯期水电留存,913.6万kW水电配套400万kW光伏的方案综合性能更优,其新增非水可再生电量约60亿kW·h。

时域间断伽辽金-粒子模拟方法研究进展

时域间断伽辽金-粒子模拟(discontinuous Galerkin time-domain particle-in-cell,DGTD-PIC)方法采用非结构网格能准确描述复杂结构,采用高阶基函数进一步提高了计算的精度,同时避免了求解大型逆矩阵,在等离子体和高功率电磁学相关数值模拟方面具有广泛的用途。近年来国内外报道了大量DGTD-PIC方面的研究工作,该方法在核心关键技术方面已取得了许多突破性进展。为促进DGTD-PIC方法的发展及应用,本文对该方法在修正势的DGTD电磁场计算方法、复频移完全匹配层边界、非结构网格中带电粒子定位与电荷和电流分配等关键技术方面所取得的研究成果进行了详细介绍。

基于ABAQUS的木梁损伤识别仿真研究

采用ABAQUS和压电时间反演技术对带裂缝木梁进行损伤识别数值仿真分析和试验验证研究,提出了基于时间反演聚焦信号峰值的损伤指数D1和基于时间反演重构信号和激励信号相关系数的损伤指数D2,以进行损伤识别定量评估。研究表明:聚焦信号峰值、重构信号和激励信号的相关系数均与损伤程度密切相关,两个损伤指数均随损伤程度的增加而增大;时间反演法具有良好的自适应聚焦效果,利用压电时间反演技术可有效识别木梁不同程度的裂缝损伤。研究结果可为工程实际提供参考。

重力摆自由运动实时仿真系统研究与开发

研究和分析了重力摆非受迫自由回复运动形式的动力学模型,在MATLAB/SIMULIN平台对模型进行验证;采用龙格-库塔数值计算方法,基于组态王工控软件编制了重力摆自由回复运动实时仿真实验系统,以实时方式完整地仿真和复现重力摆的自由运动形式和运动数据,对于重力摆相关运动形式的教学、科研等工作具有重要参考意义。