A new layered space-time detection algorithm for frequency selective fading multiple-input multiple-output channels based on particle filter

In this paper, a new observation equation of non-Gaussian frequency selective fading Bell Labs layered space time （BLAST） architecture system is proposed, which is used for frequency selective fading channels and non-Gaussian noise in an application environment of BLAST system. With othogonal matrix triangularization （QR decomposition） of the channel matrix, the static observation equation of frequency selective fading BLAST system is transformed into a dynamic state space model, and then the particle filter is used for space-time layered detection. Making the full use of the finite alphabet of the digital modulation communication signal, the optimal proposal distribution can be chosen to produce particle and update the weight. Incorporated with current method of reducing error propagation, a new space-time layered detection algorithm is proposed. Simulation result shows the validity of the proposed algorithm.

Efficient Time/Frequency Permutation of MIMO-OFDM Systems through Independent and Correlated Nakagami Fading Channels

Space-Time Frequency (STF) codes for MIMO-OFDM over block-fading channel can achieve rate?? Mt and full-diversity Mt Mr Mb L which is the product of the number of transmit antennas Mt, receive antennas Mr, fading blocks Mb and channel taps L. In this article, time permutation is proposed to provide independent block-fading over Jake’s Doppler power spectrum channel. Moreover, we show the performance variations of STF code as channel delay spread changes. Therefore, we introduce a frequency/time permutation technique in order to remove the frequency correlation among sub-carriers, which subsequently increases the coding gain and achieves maximum diversity. Finally, the symbol error rate (SER) performance of the proposed time/frequency permuted STF codes over independent and correlated MIMO antenna branches under Nakagami fading channel is simulated. We show that the proposed systems provide better performance and more robust to large values of antennas correlation coefficients in comparison with the un-interleaved one.

Estimation of Fading Statistics of Nakagami Channel with Weibull Distributed Tolerable Outage Time

Characterization of a mobile radio channel plays an important role in designing a reliable wireless communication system. Such channels are analyzed by two state model, namely satisfactory and outage state. This paper presents the analysis to estimate fading parameters of wireless channel with omission of certain outage durations which are considered as “Tolerance time”. Minimum outage duration which can be tolerated by a wireless fading channel to achieve desired packet error rate is defined as tolerance time. Normally a system with tolerable minimum outage time is analyzed based on Fade Duration Distribution (FDD) function over Rayleigh channel. In this paper Weibull function is used as FDD for varying tolerance time. The approach is simple and in general applicable from Rayleigh to Nakagami channels. The analysis is extended to study the effect of Tolerance time on channel fading statistics such as Average Fade Duration (AFD) and frequency of outage. Further the effects of various fade margin and Doppler spread on fading parameters are also investigated. The analysis can also be used in case of timeout expiration, connection resetting and congestion window control.

Sampled-Data Consensus Control of MUSV Systems with Channel Fading and Transmission Delay

This paper studies sampled-data consensus control of a collection of unmanned surface vehicles(USV)operating in network environments with fading channels and time-varying transmission delay.The channel fading is modeled as each independent stochastic process whose probability distribution is known.By considering the effects of channel fading and transmission delay from sampler to the controller,a new MUSV system model is formulated in the framework of network.With the novel established model,stability analysis is given at first,then the sampled-data consensus controller is designed,which also extends to the robust control with wave-induced disturbance.The effectiveness of the presented method is demonstrated by numerical simulation.

Linear and Nonlinear Time Domain Block Equalizers on MIMO Frequency Selective Channels

Single-Carrier (SC) transmission with the same bandwidth as Multi-Carrier (MC) transmission (such as OFDM) may have far shorter symbol duration and is considered to be more robust against time selective fading. In this paper, we proposed the novel equalization and signal separation schemes in time domain for short block length transmission, i.e., Block Linear Equalization (BLE) and Block Nonlinear Equalization (BNLE) on MIMO frequency selective fading channels. The proposed BLE uses the MMSE based inverse matrix in time domain and the BNLE utilizes the QRD-M (QR Decomposition with M algorithm) with appropriate receiver complexity. We compared the computational complexity among the conventional SC-FDE (Frequency Domain Equalization) scheme and the proposed equalizers. We also used the Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) decoder concatenated to the proposed BLE and BNLE.

On the Trade-off between Power Consumption and Time Synchronization Quality for Moving Targets under Large-Scale Fading Effects in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this work we find a lower bound on the energy required for synchronizing moving sensor nodes in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) affected by large-scale fading, based on clock estimation techniques. The energy required for synchronizing a WSN within a desired estimation error level is specified by both the transmit power and the required number of messages. In this paper we extend our previous work introducing nodes’ movement and the average message delay in the total energy, including a comprehensive analysis on how the distance between nodes impacts on the energy and synchronization quality trade-off under large-scale fading effects.

On Energy-Efficient Time Synchronization for Wireless Sensors under Large-Scale and Small-Scale Fading Effects

In this work, the existing trade-off between time synchronization quality and energy is studied for both large-scale and small-scale fading wireless channels. We analyze the clock offset estimation problem using one-way, two-way and N-way message exchange mechanisms affected by Gaussian and exponentially distributed impairments. Our main contribution is a general relationship between the total energy required for synchronizing a wireless sensor network and the clock offset estimation error by means of the transmit power, number of transmitted messages and average message delay, deriving the energy optimal lower bound as a function of the time synchronization quality and the number of hops in a multi-hop network.

Hybrid pilots assisted channel estimation algorithm for MIMO-OFDM systems

A hybrid pilots assisted channel estimation algorithm for multiple input multiple output（MIMO） orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（OFDM） systems under low signal-to-noise ratio（SNR） and arbitrary Doppler spread scenarios is proposed.Motivated by the dissatisfactory performance of the optimal pilots（OPs） designed under static channels over multiple OFDM symbols imposed by fast fading channels,the proposed scheme first assumes that the virtual pilot tones superimposed at data locations over specific subcarriers are transmitted from all antennas,then the virtual received pilot signals at the corresponding locations can be obtained by making full use of the time and frequency domain correlations of the frequency responses of the time varying dispersive fading channels and the received signals at pilot subcarriers,finally the channel parameters are derived from the combination of the real and virtual received pilot signals over one OFDM symbol based on least square（LS） criterion.Simulation results illustrate that the proposed method is insensitive to Doppler spread and can effectively ameliorate the mean square error（MSE） floor inherent to the previous method,meanwhile its performance outmatches that of OPs at low SNR region under static channels.

Performance of MIMO Systems Using Space Time Block Codes (STBC)

Digital Communications, in relation to wireless networks, have taken off in recent years due to the expanding need to communicate faster and more efficiently. A popular way to achieve this is by using wireless Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communication systems. MIMO systems utilize Space Time Block Codes (STBC) as one of the leading ways to obtain higher data rates with limited bandwidth and power. With several STBC methods currently available, this paper analyzes simulations using Orthogonal Space Time Block Codes (OSTBC) in Rayleigh fading channels to evaluate the performance of MIMO systems. The selection to use a Rayleigh fading channel as a model for a non-line-of-sight (nLOS) environment is selected to mimic installations where a large number of signal paths and reflections are expected. All simulations are coded, generated and plotted using MATLAB resulting in graphical data representing the bit-error rate (BER) to signal-to-noise ratio (Eb/N0) or SNR. Each simulation captures how different configurations of key variables including code rate, diversity and antenna count can impact system performance. Four modulation schemes (BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM) are included in each simulation. Conclusive evidence based upon these simulations suggests higher diversity gains were achieved with a greater number of antennas. The most significant factor for increasing system performance was using a lower count of transmit antennas with a higher count of receive antennas.

The influence of PRF on BER performance of THSS UWB radio systemwith PPM in dense multipath fading environments

The influence of pulse repetition frequency(PRF) on performance of wireless digital time hopping spread spectrum(THSS) ultrawide bandwidth(UWB) radio systems with PPM in dense multipath fading environments is firstly investigated. The receiver used in this UWB system is a hybrid selection/maximal-ratio combining(H-S/MRC) diversity receiver in which L strongest multipath components out of N multipath diversity branches are selected and combined using maximal-ratio combining. The exact expressions for the bit error rate(BER) of this UWB system are firstly derived by using the virtual branch technique in term of PRF, the number of multipath components selected and combined L, and multipath spread of the channel and then this BER performance is evaluated. With the computer simulation for impulses having different pulse shapes, numerical results show that PRF, as well as pulse shape and the number of multipath diversity branches selected and combined L, has much effect on the BER performance of this UWB system in dense multipath fading environments. As PRF increases, the BER performance of this UWB system is much degraded under the conditions of fixed L and pulse shape.

Stochastic Modeling and Power Control of Time-Varying Wireless Communication Networks

Wireless networks are characterized by nodes mobility, which makes the propagation environment time-varying and subject to fading. As a consequence, the statistical characteristics of the received signal vary continuously, giving rise to a Doppler power spectral density (DPSD) that varies from one observation instant to the next. This paper is concerned with dynamical modeling of time-varying wireless fading channels, their estimation and parameter identification, and optimal power control from received signal measurement data. The wireless channel is characterized using a stochastic state-space form and derived by approximating the time-varying DPSD of the channel. The expected maximization and Kalman filter are employed to recursively identify and estimate the channel parameters and states, respectively, from online received signal strength measured data. Moreover, we investigate a centralized optimal power control algorithm based on predictable strategies and employing the estimated channel parameters and states. The proposed models together with the estimation and power control algorithms are tested using experimental measurement data and the results are presented.

信道衰落下多智能体系统有限时间一致性控制

针对带有信道衰落下二阶多智能体系统的有限时间一致性跟踪问题,文中提出了基于滑模策略的分布式控制算法。根据智能体的拓扑结构搭建数学模型构造了随机信道衰落影响下的一致性误差函数,基于误差函数设计一致性协议将系统的一致性问题转化为跟踪误差系统的稳定性问题。设计了指数型非奇异终端滑模面,结合Lyapunov稳定性理论和滑模控制理论分析了误差系统的有限时间稳定性和滑模可达性。采用1个领导者和4个跟随者的多智能体模型进行仿真实验,结果显示4个跟随者可以准确跟踪领导者,达成系统跟踪一致性,且在10 s时其误差函数曲线也趋于0,证明了控制策略的有效性。

OFDM系统的一种精确的符号定时估计——纪念汪德昭院士诞辰100周年

作为一种高效的数据传输技术,正交频分复用(OFDM)技术具有良好的抗衰落能力,实现数据的高速传输。但是OFDM对同步误差特别是符号同步误差十分敏感。本文提出了一种低复杂度的符号定时估计,利用一个训练帧来实现同步。文中分析了该算法的性能,并在噪声信道中进行了性能分析,给出的仿真结果表明,该算法具有较高的精度和较低的计算复杂度。

OFDM系统的迭代联合信道估计与符号检测算法

提出了通过降低导频功率来提高OFDM传输效率,同时采用迭代的联合信道估计和符号检测算法来保证较好误码性能的接收方案。理论分析与仿真结果表明,当数据信息与导频信息的功率比不高于10dB时,本文提出的算法能够有效地降低系统误码率,同时该方法还具有算法简单,收敛速度快的特点。

一种适用于多径衰落信道的OFDM定时同步算法

提出一种新的正交频分复用定时同步算法,该算法深入研究了在多径衰落信道中第1径不是最强径的情况下,滞后的离散傅里叶变换(DFT)窗定时导致的符号间干扰影响系统性能的问题,通过采用本地产生伪随机噪声(PN)序列与接收信号进行求相关的方法,很容易分离出每条径并搜索到最强径.同时考虑到通常第1径处于深衰落的时间不会持续很长,采用Alpha滤波器,对定时度量函数起到平滑平均的作用,并且进一步引入前向搜索窗以及门限的概念,能准确定位出第1径的位置,大大提高了定时算法的准确概率,因而该新定时算法非常适用于多径衰落信道.

一种新的OFDM符号定时和频率同步方案

提出了一种新的基于单个训练符号的OFDM系统的时频同步算法.该算法在基于单个训练符号同步算法的基础上,通过对训练符号的重新设计,以一种新的方式引入了伪随机序列加权因子,极大地提高了OFDM的同步性能.仿真结果表明,该算法可实现极高的符号定时性能,同时保证了即使在多径信道下算法还具有很高的频偏估计精度.

多径衰落信道下OFDM定时同步算法的研究

利用循环前缀(CP)能量差分特性和集相关特性对已有的定时同步算法加以改进,提出了一种新的正交频分复用(OFDM)符号同步算法.在多径衰落信道环境下,CP的能量差分特性和集相关特性在CP后部均未受到多径的破坏,所提算法优化利用了CP的这2种特性.仿真结果表明,该算法在多径衰落信道下能获得较好的符号定时同步性能;同时消除了频偏对符号定时的影响,且在一定范围内随多普勒频移的增加,符号定时同步性能得到进一步改善.

时频训练序列OFDM频偏估计方法

给出了一种比率可调节的时频训练序列,通过频域训练序列和预定义查找表实现粗频偏估计,通过时域训练序列实现细频偏估计。仿真结果与复杂度分析表明所提出的方法在负载几乎相同的情况下,性能优于Lei的方法,而运算量却大大降低。