Effects of Storage Methods and Time on Content of Nutrients in Biogas Slurry of Straw

To study the effects of different storage methods and time on content of nutrients in biogas slurry of straw, two storage methods were carried out on biogas slurry between open storage and airtight storage conditions at normal atmospheric temperature. The contents of N, P, K, and organic matter in biogas slurry of straw were determined in different storage times. The results showed that： during the pro-cess of biogas slurry storage, little change occurred in the content of the organic matter while the total content of N, P, K significantly declined; up to 50 days, the total content of N, P, K reduced to nearly 80%-90%. Because the contents of N, P, K in biogas slurry reduced less in airtight storage conditions so that a better re-sult was found on airtight storage methods than open storage methods in fertilizer field of biogas slurry of straw.

Effect of decarburization annealing temperature and time on the carbon content, microstructure, and texture of grain-oriented pure iron

In this study,the effect of decarburization annealing temperature and time on the carbon content,microstructure,and texture of grain-oriented pure iron was investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with electron-backscatter diffraction. The results showed that the efficiency of decarburization dramatically increased with increasing decarburization temperature. However,when the annealing temperature was increased to 825°C and 850°C,the steel's carbon content remained essentially unchanged at 0.002%. With increasing decarburization time,the steel's carbon content generally decreased. When both the decarburization temperature and time were increased further,the average grain size dramatically increased and the number of fine grains decreased; meanwhile,some relatively larger grains developed. The main texture types of the decarburized sheets were approximately the same: {001}<110> and {112~115}<110>,with a γ-fiber texture. Furthermore,little change was observed in the texture. Compared with the experimental sheets,the texture of the cold-rolled sheet was very scattered. The best average magnetic induction(B_(800)) among the final products was 1.946 T.

Effects of Different Picking Time and Different Geographical Provenances on Oil Content of Camellia oleifera

This paper studied effects of different picking time and different geographical provenances on oil content of Camellia oleifera. The results showed that different picking time had significant effects on the oil content of cold dew seeds and frost's descent seeds. With the delay of picking time,the oil content of cold dew seeds,frost's descent seeds,dry seeds and oil content of seed kernels were significantly increased.There was a significantly positive correlation between the oil content of fresh fruit of cold dew seeds and frost's descent seeds and the dry seed yield of fresh seeds and the oil content of fresh fruit( P < 0. 05),and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0. 85. Besides,the oil content of seed kernels of cold dew seeds was closely correlated with the seed yield of fresh seeds,oil content of fresh fruit,and oil content of fresh seeds. In the process of C. oleifera breeding,the thin coat,high seed yield and high oil content can be taken as the key research directions for future breeding. The oil content of ordinary C. oleifera seeds in 18 counties( cities) was 36. 42%-63. 33%,indicating that there were significant differences in the oil content of C. oleifera in different geographical provenances. In conclusion,according to the study of different picking time,the recommended picking time of cold dew seeds in Hunan area is around October 10,while the best picking time of frost's descent seeds is about October 30. The oil content of C. oleifera fruit in different geographical provenances is quite different. During the development of C. oleifera fruit,the cultivation and management of C. oleifera should be strengthened to increase the oil content of C. oleifera.

Direct fitting measurement of gas content in coalbed and selection of reasonable sampling time

In this study, we selected 9 typical coal samples with different metamorphic grades as the study subjects,measured their initial 30-min gas desorption at 30℃ and different pressure using a self-developed gas adsorption/desorption device. Based on the characteristics of gas desorption from coal samples, we proposed a direct fitting method for measurement of gas content in coalbed, analyzed the effects of sampling time on the measurement results and determined the reasonable sampling time of coal samples with different metamorphic grades at different gas adsorption pressure at equilibrium. The results show that (1)the error of gas contents obtained using the direct fitting method relative to that obtained using indirect method is less than 10%, which meets the actual on-site requirements and verifies the feasibility of the direct fitting method;(2) when the relative error is controlled within ±10%, the reasonable sampling time of coal samples is linearly related to the gas adsorption pressure at equilibrium;(3) the reasonable sampling time of coal samples with the same metamorphic grade exhibits a shortening trend with increasing gas adsorption pressure at equilibrium;(4) for coal samples with similar gas adsorption pressure at equilibrium, the reasonable sampling time of coal samples displays a shortening trend with increasing metamorphic grade. Overall, the study provides a basis for improving the measurement accuracy of gas content in coalbed.

Effect of Silicon Content and Shake-Out Time on Hardness and Grain Size Properties of GL 250 Cast Iron

The properties of cast iron grade GL 250 are dependent on the microstructures developed during casting. These microstructures are in turn dependent on the composition of the alloy, type of mould and other numerous casting practice variables such as shake-out time, pouring temperature, mould ambient conditions and inoculating technique. In this work, the effect of silicon content and shake-out time on the grain size (GS) and hardness properties of GL 250 cast iron was studied using a pouring temperature of 1400℃ and sand mould casting. Using charge materials consisting of pig iron and other additives, GL 250 castings containing silicon contents of 1.7, 2.1 and 2.7% were casted using a constant pouring temperature of 1400℃, molding sand of specified properties and ambient mould temperature of 32℃. Results showed that type A flake type was obtained at 30mins shakeout time for all samples for the C.I composition under study. Increasing shake-out time decreased hardness and increased carbide grain size. Increasing silicon content was observed to increase grain size and reduce free graphite but with resultant decrease in hardness. Two mathematical relationships were derived. One related grain-size to silicon content and shakeout time while the second related Brinnel Hardness to Silicon content and shake-out time. They are: Grain Size=0.40 Si+0.17Shake-out Time-0.15 and BHN=-60.53Si-7.15Shake-out Time+329.35 at 1400℃ pouring temperature in a molding sand of specified properties and sand mould ambient temperature of 32℃.

Real-time content-aware image resizing

Content-aware image resizing is a kind of new and effective approach for image resizing, which preserves image content well and does not cause obvious distortion when changing the aspect ratio of images. Recently, a seam based approach for content-aware image resizing was proposed by Avidan and Shamir. Their results are impressive, but because the method uses dynamic programming many times, it is slow. In this paper, we present a more efficient algorithm for seam based content-aware iraage resizing, which searches seams through establishing the matching relation between adjacent rows or columns. We give a linear algorithm to find the optimal matches within a weighted bipartite graph composed of the pixels in adjacent rows or columns. Therefore, our method is fast （e.g. our method needs only about 100 ms to reduce a 768x1024 Image＇s width to 1/3 while Avidan and Shamir＇s method needs 12 s）. This supports immediate image resizing whereas Avidan and Shamir＇s method requires a more costly pre-processing step to enable subsequent real-time processing. A fast method such as the one proposed will be also needed for future real-time video resizing applications.

Contention-Based Beaconless Real-Time Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents a novel real-time routing protocol, called CBRR, with less energy consumption for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). End-to-End real-time requirements are fulfilled with speed or delay constraint at each hop through integrating the contention and neighbor table mechanisms. More precisely, CBRR maintains a neighbor table via the contention mechanism being dependent on wireless broadcast instead of beacons. Comprehensive simulations show that CBRR can not only achieve higher performance in static networks, but also work well for dynamic networks.

Comparison of pH Value, TBA Value, Glycogen and Lactic Acid Content in Muscle of Landrace and Yorkshire under Different Storage Time and Conditions

In order to assess the meat quality under different storage time and conditions, the pH value, TBA value, glycogen and lactic acid content in muscle of Landrace and Yorkshire were measured. The results showed that within 10 h post slaughtering, post slaughtering time had extremely significant influence on pH value and lactic acid content of Landrace, but had no significant influence on glycogen content and TBA value. On the other hand, post slaughtering time had extremely significant influence on pH value of Yorkshire, but had no significant influence on glycogen, lactic acid content and TBA value. The pH values of Yorkshire at 3, 5 and 10 h post slaughtering were 5.21% （ P 〈 0.01 ）, 5.64% （ P 〈 0.05 ） and 5.59% （ P 〈 0.05 ） higher than those of Landrace, respectively ; the lactic acid content in muscle of Landrace at 10 h post slaughtering was 56.04% （P 〈0.05） higher than that of Yorkshire; the TBA value in muscle of Yorkshire at 10 h post slaughtering was 89. 19% （P 〈 0.01 ） higher than that of Landrace; there was no significant difference in glycogen content between Yorkshire and Landrace. When pork stored at 4℃, storage time had no significant influence on pH value and glycogen content in muscle of Landrace, but had significant influence on drip loss, lactic acid content and TBA value ; storage time had no significant influence on pH value, glycogen content and TBA value in muscle of Yorkshire, but extremely significant influence on drip loss and significant influence on lactic acid content. The pH value in muscle of Yorkshire at 24 h post storage at 4℃ was 6.56% （P 〈0.05） higher than that of Landrace; the glycogen contents in muscle of Landrace at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h post storage at 4℃ were 84.90% （P〈0.05）,78.40% （P〈0.01）, 101.87% （P〈0.05）, 83.80% （P〈0.05）, 83.59% （P〈 0.05）and67.25% （P〈0.01）higher than those of York-shire, respectively; the drip loss of Landrace at 72 h post storage and TBA value at 144 h post storage were 55.70% （ P 〈 0.05 ） and 141.33 % （ P 〈 0.01 ） higher than those of Yorkshire, respectively; there was no significant difference in glycogen content between Yorkshire and Landrace. When pork stored at -20℃, storage time had significant influence on TBA value in muscle of Landrace, but had no significant influence on pH value, thawing water loss rate, glycogen and lactic acid content; storage time had no significant impact on pH value, thawing water loss rate, glycogen content and TBA value in muscle of Yorkshire, and had significant influence on lactic acid content. The pH value in muscle of Yorkshire at 24 h post storage at - 20℃ was 5.43 % （ P 〈 0.05 ） higher than that of I.andrace ; the glycogen contents in muscle of Landrace at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 h post storage at - 20℃ were 85.08% （ P 〈0. 05 ）, 108.66% （ P 〈 0.01 ）, 72.69% （ P 〈 0.05 ）, 90.31% （ P 〈 0.01 ）, 70.38% （ P 〉 0.05 ） higher than those of Yorkshire, respectively ; the thawing water loss rates of Landrace at 24 and 72 h were 160.14% （ P 〈 0.05 ） and 74.32% （ P 〈 0.05 ） higher than those of Yorkshire, respectively ; there was no significant difference in lactic acid content and TBA value at the same time point between Yorkshire and Landrace.

猪伪狂犬病毒Real-time PCR检测方法的建立和弱毒疫苗病毒含量的检测

根据伪狂犬病毒的gB基因设计引物,将含gB基因的质粒作为标准品,绘制标准曲线,建立了伪狂犬病毒PRV的荧光定量PCR检测方法。该检测方法具有良好的重复性、敏感性和特异性,不与PCV2、PPV、CSFV、JEV和PRRSV发生反应。用该方法对不同滴度病毒液的基因拷贝数进行检测,发现病毒滴度和病毒拷贝数之间存在较好的相关性。采用该方法对7种商品化PRV弱毒疫苗进行病毒含量检测,结果显示不同商品化弱毒疫苗的病毒含量存在显著差异,与说明书标注的病毒含量基本一致。

Fuzzy Prediction of Silicon Content for BF Hot Metal

Some key operation variables influencing hot metal silicon content were selected, and time lag of each of them was obtained. A standardized fuzzy system model was developed to approach the random nonlinear dynamic system of the change of silicon content, forecast the change of silicon content and calculate silicon content. The prediction of hot metal silicon content is very successful with the data collected online from BF No. 1 at Laiwu Iron and Steel Group Co.

DYNAMIC VARIATION OF NITROGEN CONTENT IN THE SECOND SONGHUA RIVER

The space time variation laws of nitrogen content in different river sections, water periods and years in the Second Songhua River in China is described in detail. The results show that there is direct relation between the nitrogen content variation in river water and that in wastewater from cities and runoff water of both banks of the river. Nitrate and nitrite contents in water in flood period are higher than that in mid and low water periods. In flood period, nitrate content in water increases gradually with the extension of river section, ammonia content in polluted river section is higher than that in unpolluted river section. Nitrate and nitrite contents in water in the flood, mid and low water periods from 1985 to 1989 were slightly higher than that from 1980 to 1984 and from 1990 to 1994, ammonia content in water increased annually.

高岭土对含有Cu^(2+)和Pb^(2+)污水吸附性实验

这是一篇环境工程领域的论文。为了研究高岭土对含有Cu^(2+)和Pb^(2+)污水吸附性能的影响,开展了不同初始浓度、温度、吸附时间、高岭土掺量和pH值作用下高岭土吸附重金属离子实验,并分析了高岭土对Cu^(2+)和Pb^(2+)共同吸附实验结果。结果表明:高岭土吸附金属Pb^(2+)离子的效果要好于高岭土吸附金属Cu^(2+)离子的效果。结合实验结果和经济效益而言,在初始浓度为200 mg/L,pH值为6、温度为30℃,高岭土掺量为1.5 g,吸附时间为2.0 h时,高岭土对金属Pb^(2+)和Cu^(2+)离子的吸附效果较优,其中金属Pb^(2+)离子的吸附量分别达到了56.38、56.22、58.76、35.75、和42.42 mg/g,金属Cu^(2+)离子的吸附量45.99、47.45、47.27、25.26、22.52 mg/g。整体上,高岭土对共同吸附金属离子(Cu^(2+)、Pb^(2+))的吸附量要小于单一离子的吸附量,这是由于两个金属离子在吸附过程中会相互影响对方的吸附过程。Langmuir模型对实验曲线的拟合度要远远高于Freundlich模型对实验曲线的拟合度,这就说明了Langmuir等温吸附模型更加适用于高岭土吸附金属离子吸附量的变化规律,进而证明了高岭土吸附重金属离子属于表面吸附,被吸附的重金属离子都是相互独立存在的。

串联网式过滤器拦截特性和过滤时间分析

针对网式过滤器在实际灌溉水源条件下易堵塞、使用寿命短等问题,该研究将泵前和泵后网式过滤器串联组合,通过室内原型试验分析各级过滤器对泥沙和木屑的拦截规律。结果表明:过滤器拦截泥沙和木屑的分布情况与各级滤网孔径有关,当水源杂质以泥沙为主时,建议选取0.32和0.20 mm孔径滤网的泵前和泵后过滤器进行过滤,当有机物杂质含量较高时,采用0.25~0.32 mm滤网孔径的泵前过滤器有利于延长过滤时间。对水头损失随过滤时间的变化规律进行分析,明确了水源条件和滤网孔径对过滤时间的影响,极差和方差分析结果表明:不同进水流量条件下,初始水头损失和水头损失峰值分别集中在2.43~5.87和13.92~28.92 m,杂质含量对水头损失影响较小;进水流量越大,过滤器过滤时间越短。建立水头损失计算公式和过滤时间拟合经验公式,拟合与试验结果误差小于7%。各因素对过滤时间影响程度由大到小依次是杂质含量、滤网孔径、含沙量、进水流量。基于多层感知机(multilayer perceptron,MLP)神经网络模型对过滤时间进行预测,预测值与实测值误差基本在10%以内,均方误差和平均相对误差分别为0.32%、5.85%,该模型适用于对复杂水源条件下过滤时间的预测。研究结果可为灌溉工程中串联网式过滤器各级滤网参数的合理配置提供参考。

习近平关于新时代种业振兴重要论述的形成逻辑、主要内容及时代价值

习近平立足时代之基,对马克思主义经典作家关于种子重要性的思想、中华优秀传统文化关于种子的重要认识、中国共产党关于种业发展的宝贵经验进行了创新性发展;从种质资源保护利用、种业科技创新、种业企业培优、种业基地提升、种业知识产权保护等方面回答了怎样进行种业振兴这一时代之问。习近平关于种业振兴的重要论述不仅指明了种业振兴的实践路径,而且还为保障国家粮食安全指明了重要出路,为实现农业现代化提供了科学指引,为世界种业发展贡献了中国智慧。

定向钢纤维水泥基复合材料的含砂率及定向时程影响规律

为研究钢纤维水泥基复合材料中钢纤维定向分布规律,考虑定向时程和含砂率两种因素,基于团队自主研发的钢纤维定向设备,制作32个试件。在恒定磁场下,系统地开展了梯度定向时程与含砂率钢纤维定向试验,利用COMSOL有限元模拟定向试验磁场分布情况,通过CT-X射线扫描技术获取不同试件的截面图像,计算钢纤维的方向系数,讨论钢纤维受梯度定向时程与含砂率影响下的定向规律。研究结果表明:随着定向时程的增加,在相同含砂率条件下,钢纤维的方向系数在初始阶段迅速提升,然后逐渐减缓,最终趋于稳定;在相同定向时程下,含砂率过高或过低都会对钢纤维的定向效率产生不利影响,控制含砂率在40%左右时可以获得相对理想的钢纤维定向效果。

基于启动时间和完全故障的双阶段休假排队系统的流体模型性能分析

基于风力发电路灯的能量转化机制,该文构建并分析了具有启动时间和完全故障策略的M/M/1排队系统驱动的流体模型.首先,对驱动系统进行模型描述,运用矩阵几何解方法得到驱动系统的稳态概率分布.其次,引入流体模型的净输入率结构,并利用概率分析方法得到流体库存水平在稳态条件下的微分差分方程组,进而运用Laplace-Stieltjes transform(LST)方法得到稳态条件下库存量的均值及空库概率.根据性能指标构建系统的费用函数,在数值分析中给出系统参数对性能指标和费用的影响.

不同年份六堡茶中水溶性成分含量的变化

以不同年份六堡茶为原料,分析其水溶性成分含量的变化。选用冲泡法提取六堡茶中的水溶性成分,采用紫外分光光度法检测其含量。结果茶多酚含量在10.37~11.73之间,其含量随着茶样存放时间的增长而减少;咖啡碱含量在3.01~3.24之间,其含量随着茶样存放时间的增长而呈现出不同的改变趋势,但变化较小;茶褐素含量在65.89~81.24之间,随着陈化时间延长,茶褐素含量逐渐升高;游离氨基酸含量在5.21~11.54之间,随着陈化时间延长,氨基酸含量逐渐降低;可溶性糖的含量在3.39~3.67之间,放置陈化过程中无明显变化;黄酮类化合物含量在3.76~4.76之间,随着陈化时间延长,黄酮类化合物的含量逐渐升高。发现六堡茶存放时间和6种主要水溶性成分含量变化之间的关系,即茶多酚、游离氨基酸含量随着茶样存放时间的增长而减少,茶褐素、黄酮类化合物含量随着茶样存放时间的增长而增加,咖啡碱、可溶性糖的含量随着茶样存放时间的增长而无明显变化。

改性硅藻土对污水中重金属离子的吸附性能

这是一篇矿业工程领域的论文。采用十二烷基磺酸钠和四氧化三铁对硅藻土进行改性,分析外部因素对吸附效果的影响,并开展改性硅藻土吸附重金属离子后物相成分变化以及微观结构变化的实验。结果表明:改性硅藻土掺量为4 g/L、吸附时间为40 min、温度设置为30℃,pH值设定为5,初始浓度均设定为200mg/L时,改性硅藻土的吸附效果达到较佳。Freundlich模型对实验曲线的拟合度为0.90以上,而Langmuir模型对实验曲线的拟合度均在0.9以下,这就说明了Freundlich等温吸附模型更加适用于改性硅藻土吸附重金属铅离子吸附量的变化规律。改性硅藻土吸附铅离子前后的XRD图谱特征衍射峰并未有明显的差异,只是衍射峰的峰强度有所减小,但是改性硅藻土内部其他矿物成分却不变以及结构没有发生明显变化,这也说明了改性硅藻土可以有效地吸附污水中的铅离子,但是吸附过程基本属于物理吸附。

不同采收期山桐子的果实品质分析

【目的】探明不同采收期山桐子果实质量及差异,为山桐子的质量评价、采摘、加工利用、苗木繁育及推广栽植提供参考。【方法】以21 a生山桐子人工林果实为研究对象,对不同成熟度果实的表型性状、含油率、油脂成分和种子萌发情况等进行测定分析。【结果】随果实成熟度的增加,果皮颜色由青绿色变为深红色,果实大小、果形指数、单果鲜质量、含水率、含油率、种子千粒质量、种子发芽率、饱和脂肪酸含量均呈先上升后下降趋势;不饱和脂肪酸表现为先下降后上升的趋势。相关性分析结果显示,果实含油率与果穗宽、单串果穗鲜质量、单穗果实鲜质量、单果鲜质量、果实横径均呈极显著正相关关系(p<0.01)。10月左右山桐子果实成熟度高、单穗果实个数最多,单穗果实鲜质量、单果鲜质量及果实横径均达到最大,含油率较高,为21.87%,不饱和脂肪酸达85.61%,亚油酸含量72.67%,发芽率最高,可达93.33%。【结论】不同采收期山桐子果实品质存在差异。果实用作油脂原料和实生苗繁育材料时,最佳采收期为10月。

制备氢氧化锆及其氧化锆含量和氧化钠含量的影响因素探究

将氧氯化锆和氢氧化钠作为原料采用直接沉淀法制备40%氢氧化锆,其中氢氧化锆氧化锆含量与氢氧化钠溶液浓度、氧氯化锆投料时间、氢氧化钠溶液温度、反应温度、反应时间密切相关。氢氧化锆中氧化钠含量与m_(氢氧化钠/氧氯化锆、洗涤情况)、反应温度密切相关,与反应时间无明显相关性。制备40%氢氧化锆氧化锆含量最佳条件为:氢氧化钠溶液浓度为32%,m_(氢氧化钠/氧氯化锆)为1.6倍,氧氯化锆投料时间为1min,氢氧化钠溶液温度为10℃,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为20min。