Impacts of space-time-frequency synchronization errors onwide-band target echo characteristics of bistatic/multistatic radar

Bistatic/multistatic radar has great potential advantages over its monostatic counterpart. However, the separation of a transmitter and a receiver leads to difficulties in locating the target position accurately and guaranteeing space-timefrequency synchronization of the transmitter and the receiver.The error model of space-time-frequency synchronization in a motion platform of bistatic/multistatic radar is studied. The relationship between the space synchronization error and the transmitter platform position, receiver platform position, moving state, and beam pointing error, is analyzed. The effect of space synchronization error on target echo power is studied. The target scattering characteristics are restructured by many separate scattering centers of the target in high frequency regions. Based on the scattering centers model of the radar target, this radar target echo model and the simulation method are discussed. The algorithm of bistatic/multistatic radar target echo accurately reflects the scattering characteristics of the radar target, pulse modulation speciality of radar transmitting signals, and spacetime-frequency synchronization error characteristics between the transmitter station and the receiver station. The simulation of bistatic radar is completed in computer, and the results of the simulation validate the feasibility of the method.

Technology of shipboard two-way microwave time synchronization

For the high precision time synchronization demand of ships, advantages and disadvantages of the present time transfer methods are analyzed, the two-way microwave time transfer （TWMTT） method is adopted to resolve the time synchronization problem in the Naval Ship Formation. After expounding the principle and system composition of TWMTT method, the various factors influencing the synchronous precision are analyzed, such as time-interval measurement error, TWMTT equipment delay error, signal propagation error in air, and signal delay error caused by shipping. To improve the time synchronization precision, all the error sources above are deduced with mathematical measures to definite the critical one, and the signal processing measures such as Pseudo code spread spectrum time comparison signal generation technology, FFT fast acquisition technology and precise tracking technology are used into the modem which is the core equipment of the TWMTT. And, calibration method of TWMTT equipment delay are developed. Through theoretical a- nalysis and simulation verification, the precision of shipboard two-way microwave time synchroniza- tion can reach 1 ns.

Time Synchronized Velocity Error for Trajectory Compression

Nowadays,distance is usually used to evaluate the error of trajectory compression.These methods can effectively indicate the level of geometric similarity between the compressed and the raw trajectory,but it ignores the velocity error in the compression.To fill the gap of these methods,assuming the velocity changes linearly,a mathematical model called SVE(Time Synchronized Velocity Error)for evaluating compression error is designed,which can evaluate the velocity error effectively,conveniently and accurately.Based on this model,an innovative algorithm called SW-MSVE(Minimum Time Synchronized Velocity Error Based on Sliding Window)is proposed,which can minimize the velocity error in trajectory compression under the premise of local optimization.Two elaborate experiments are designed to demonstrate the advancements of the SVE and the SW-MSVE respectively.In the first experiment,we use the PED,the SED and the SVE to evaluate the error under four compression algorithms,one of which is the SW-MSVE algorithm.The results show that the SVE is less influenced by noise with stronger performance and more applicability.In the second experiment,by marking the raw trajectory,we compare the SW-MSVE algorithm with three others algorithms at information retention.The results show that the SW-MSVE algorithm can take into account both velocity and geometric structure constraints and retains more information of the raw trajectory at the same compression ratio.

基于高频正交方波注入法的永磁同步电机控制研究

针对传统高频注入法解调过程复杂和观测精度受非理想因素时延影响的不足,提出一种基于高频正交方波注入法的零低速位置估计方法。首先,考虑估计旋转轴系注入的低可靠性,选择将高频信号注入静止轴系,采用简单代数运算提取出高频响应电流,通过解调正向虚拟高频响应电流初步估计转子位置;然后,针对主要非理想因素进行影响分析,在此基础上,通过解调负向虚拟高频响应电流提取出相位滞后角,完成补偿;最后,为避免启动阶段位置收敛错误,通过获取电感变化趋势判断出磁极极性。实验结果表明,所提算法在各类工况均能稳定收敛,且最大平均误差不超过1°,说明了算法的抗扰性以及准确性。

铁路时间同步网节点天地时间源互备失败案例分析

通过二级时间节点的天地时间源互备失败现象,分析天地时间源互备失败原因。主要原因为天地时间源间时间偏差过大,从理论上计算长距离地面时间传送可能引入的时间误差,并分析造成时间误差过大的几种可能原因。由此得出,现有铁路时间同步网技术架构难以满足将来5G-R系统对高精度时间同步性能和安全可靠运维要求,有必要研究完善铁路时间同步网技术架构、组网方案,并进一步健全运维方法。

类Chen-Qi混沌系统的固定时间自适应同步控制

类Chen-Qi四维混沌系统的渐近稳定控制的同步误差不能在有限时间内收敛到零,有限时间控制的同步误差收敛到零的状况与初值有关.因此,本文应用固定时间控制技术,设计了自适应控制器和参数估计律,试图使得驱动系统与同类型的参数未知的响应系统在固定时间内达到同步,完成了理论证明.应用数值仿真考察同步误差收敛到零的状况.选取不同参数值,不同状态初值,考察状态时程图、同步误差曲线等.结果表明:混沌运动时,固定时间内同步误差收敛到零的效果较好,与状态初值无关,收敛时间符合理论计算值;周期运动时,固定时间内前三个状态的同步误差收敛到零的效果较好,收敛时间符合理论计算值,但第四个状态的同步误差的收敛时间不符合理论计算值,其原因是系统存在的三次非线性项的不平衡、不匹配.

一种最优化的轨迹数据L_(∞)-PLA压缩算法

随着全球定位系统的发展和应用,巨量的轨迹数据被实时收集,给数据的传输、存储和分析带来挑战.基于分段线性近似(piecewise linear approximation,PLA)的数据压缩技术因具有简单直观、压缩存储低和传输快的特点被广泛应用和研究.针对现有轨迹PLA压缩方法不能最优化地在线压缩多维数据的现状,在最大误差限定(maximum error bound,记为L_(∞))下提出多维轨迹数据的最优化PLA压缩问题(记为m DisPLA_(∞)),并给出一种在线MDisPLA算法予以解决.该算法利用“分治-融合”的策略扩展一维最优化PLA算法,以最优化地压缩多维轨迹数据.MDisPLA算法具有线性时间复杂性,可以生成最少的不连续分割,且可以保证生成直线表示的质量,即原始数据点和对应解压缩点之间的同步误差具有上界.通过与基于同步距离锥交(cone intersection using the synchronous Euclidean distance,CISED)的轨迹压缩算法进行理论和实验比较,验证了MDisPLA算法是稳健的,可生成具有保质性的直线表示.MDisPLA算法以更低的内存消耗,较CISED算法提高了14倍左右的处理速度,降低了约48%的分割个数和10.5%的存储个数.MDisPLA算法在保证压缩质量的同时,显著提高了处理速度和降低了存储空间,整体上优于CISED算法.

基于地球GNSS和导航增强星的地月空间导航方法

针对载人登月及无人月球探测后续任务中亟须突破的高精度实时自主导航需求,拥有GNSS自主导航能力具有重大意义,符合未来月球探测任务简便、低代价导航发展趋势。而将地球GNSS导航直接应用到地月空间导航场景所能提供的实时导航能力有限,无法满足高精度导航应用的需求。因此,提出了一种基于地球GNSS和导航增强星的地月空间导航方法,通过仅增加一颗月球空间导航节点,在播发导航信号的同时,分别建立与地球GNSS导航星座和月球用户之间的双向时间同步链路,将钟差与位置误差进行解耦,实现月球用户的高精度实时三维绝对导航。仿真结果表明,该方法能大幅提升月球用户的几何精度因子,可获得优于50m的实时定位精度,具有很强的实用性。

时频同步误差影响双基地SAR成像效果的仿真系统设计

以双基地合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)协同探测和目标成像为背景,基于时频误差实测数据设计了一套机载双基SAR系统的时频同步误差建模和分析的仿真系统。系统由时频误差建模模块、成像几何构型设置模块、成像回波产生模块及成像效能评估模块组成。时频误差建模模块对实际采集的时频误差进行建模,成像几何构型设置模块进行典型机载双基SAR几何构型参数设置,成像回波产生模块利用二维频域快速傅里叶变换法(Two-dimension Fast Fourier Transform,2DFFT)生成原始回波信号,成像效能评估模块完成回波成像和成像效果在线定量评估。整个系统功能通过编写图形用户界面(Graphical User Interface,GUI)实现操作可视化。该仿真系统将实际时频误差数据模型与理论模型进行对比,定量分析特定几何构型下实际时频误差对双基SAR成像的影响。结果表明,该仿真系统能实时在线定量评估实际时频误差下的双基SAR成像效果,对工程项目研制具有指导意义。

一种多站雷达协同时空误差配准方法研究

多站雷达协同系统各个节点工作具有异步性,多节点雷达对同一个或多个目标的测量误差不一致,导致在多站雷达协同进行数据融合时将同一目标误认为不同目标,使得融合航迹性能下降,失去多雷达协同的优势。文中研究了一种基于多站协同数据处理的航迹误差校准方法,利用最小二乘滤波对多站雷达航迹进行关联,同时利用多站协同关联的优势剔除转发式干扰航迹,对多站探测到的同一目标航迹进行时间统一。并基于多站协同迭代最近点算法,使用多站协同系统中高精度节点数据对低精度节点数据进行误差配准。仿真结果表明,文中方法在多目标复杂运动场景中具有更高的航迹关联正确率,且具有较好的抗转发干扰能力。与传统空间误差配准算法相比,具有更低的配准均方根误差。

发动机凸轮轴信号错误故障浅析

发动机的同步信号是其工作时序的基础,凸轮轴信号的构成元素有凸轮轴传感器信号盘、凸轮轴传感器、凸轮轴传感器间隙、线束及插接件、ECU等。出现凸轮轴信号错误时,要从以上软硬件一一排查。带有正时链系统的发动机,正时链系统的启车充油时间长,正时链松弛使信号盘角度偏差大,导致凸轮轴信号错误故障,严重时启车困难。有正时链系统的发动机设计时要考虑增加止回结构,进行提前锁紧;或者采用容错角度大的信号盘。

基于到达时间间隔差的ADS-B位置消息验证方法

广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)是一种新型的航空器监视技术,具有定位精度高、更新速度快及覆盖范围广等优势,在民用航空监视领域获得广泛应用。由于ADS-B消息以广播方式传输,未采用加密与认证机制,ADS-B系统易受外部欺骗源的干扰。为解决该问题,提出了一种基于到达时间间隔差(IDOA)的ADS-B位置消息验证方法。建立基于IDOA的ADS-B位置消息验证系统模型,理论分析给出检验统计量的表达式及其统计特性,进一步分析给出检测门限的确定方法,通过仿真验证所提方法的正确性与有效性。结果表明:所提方法与基于到达时间差(TDOA)的验证方法具有相同的检测性能,且对时间测量误差和ADS-B位置误差不敏感,但所提方法可克服基于TDOA的验证方法存在的对地面站时间同步误差敏感的缺点。

收发未精确同步条件下非相关多运动辐射源TOAs/FOAs协同定位方法

在联合到达时间/到达频率的无线定位体制中,除了TOAs/FOAs(Time-Of-Arrivals/Frequency-Of-Arrivals)估计误差与传感器位置/速度先验观测误差以外,收发两端的传感器时钟同步误差也是影响定位精度的重要因素.为了抑制时钟同步误差和各类观测误差的影响,本文针对非相关多运动辐射源定位场景,提出一种基于加权多维标度分析的TOAs/FOAs多辐射源协同定位方法.文中首先通过构造两组标量积矩阵推导定位关系式,然后基于一阶误差分析方法得到该关系式中的误差渐近统计特性,并进而构建联合定位与时钟同步误差校正的优化准则.针对此优化模型,本文提出一种基于正交投影矩阵数学性质的参数解耦合优化算法,可实现对多运动辐射源位置/速度参数与同步误差参数的分步估计,显著降低了参与优化迭代的变量维数.此外,文中还在收发未精确同步条件下推导TOAs/FOAs多辐射源协同定位模型的克拉美罗界,定量证明多辐射源协同定位可以带来性能增益,并且利用一阶误差分析以及正交投影矩阵数学性质证明新方法的渐近统计最优性.仿真实验结果验证所提出的协同定位方法的优越性.

时间同步网建模仿真软件设计与实现

时间同步网作为基础支撑网络,对于各种业务网的发展和质量保障起到十分重要的作用。针对不断建设和扩容的时间同步网的规划合理性和同步性能可靠性缺乏验证手段的问题,根据时间同步网典型架构,构建了端到端误差模型、定时链路模型和同步节点设备模型,设计并实现了时间同步网建模仿真软件,可实现对时间同步网设备和定时传递链路的建模、同步性能计算和误差分析以及网络质量综合评分。对示例网络进行仿真应用的结果表明,软件满足功能设计需求,可为时间同步网的规划建设、扩容优化等提供技术支撑。

Analysis of time and frequency synchronization error for wireless systems using OFDM

Due to frequency-selective and time-variant property of wireless channel together with additive noise and mismatch of oscillators between transmitter and receiver, there are always time and frequency synchronization errors in a practical OFDM system. To investigate the effect of the two kinds of errors on system performance, the average normalized interference power (NIP) is defined. A simple supper bound for NIP caused by time synchronization error (TSE) and the tighter upper bound for NIP resulting from frequency synchronization error (FSE) are derived independently. Simulations in typical short wave (SW) and medium wave (MW) channels further verify the correctness and tightness of these upper bounds. They actually provide good approximations to NIPs. Moreover, the upper bound for NIP resulting from FSE is tighter than traditional upper bound. Additionally, a new solution is proposed to relax the precision requirement for time synchronization algorithm, which can achieve a better tradeoff between time synchronization precision and bandwidth efficiency. These upper bounds will be useful in developing and choosing time and frequency synchronization algorithms in OFDM system to achieve a specific NIP value for a given channel condition.

H型运动平台的时变非奇异快速终端滑模控制

针对以伺服电机和滚珠丝杠作为传动机构的H型运动平台系统位移跟踪控制存在的难点,设计了一种基于时变非奇异快速终端滑模控制器的控制方案。在滑模控制器设计阶段,提出一种新的滑模面幂指数时变方法,以加快系统状态的收敛速度;针对H型运动平台Y向两轴位移同步误差的控制问题,运用同步误差和单轴误差相结合作为控制器输入的方式减小了两轴位移误差。以仿真实验验证了提出的时变幂指数方法可提升系统状态的收敛速度,证明了相较于PID控制和一种滑模PID控制方式,采用本文提出的时变非奇异快速终端滑模控制方案后,H型运动平台单轴运动误差和双轴同步误差更小、误差波动幅度更小。

跳频通信中一种结合干扰预处理的平方定时同步算法

为了提高跳频通信中定时同步算法的准确性,设计了一种结合干扰预处理的跳频信号定时同步算法。首先对解跳后信号在时域完成基于能量的自适应门限的干扰检测,并根据检测结果将受干扰信号进行置零预处理;其次对预处理后的信号采用平方法进行定时误差估计;最后根据估计结果内插完成定时恢复。结果表明,提出的改进算法选取长度为200跳的符号,在干扰相对带宽为30%、干信比为10 dB、信噪比为5 dB、时钟稳定度为1×10^(-6)的条件下,进行干扰预处理后定时,归一化定时误差的方差为0.00075,满足跳频系统解调性能损失小于0.5 dB的要求。设计方法提高了干扰条件下平方法定时的准确性,在跳频通信抗干扰应用中有一定的参考价值。

基于北斗系统的智能电网自适应卫星授时增强技术

卫星授时是智能电网中时间同步的关键技术之一。针对智能电网中传统卫星授时带来的可靠性低和授时性能不稳定的问题,文章首先通过深入分析卫星授时原理,介绍两种卫星授时方法,即位置域授时和观测域授时;进而建立一种卫星自适应授时增强算法,将两种授时方法融合;最后,设计实验验证基于北斗卫星导航系统的自适应授时增强算法的性能。实验结果分析可知,由北斗卫星导航系统授时替代传统的GPS系统授时,增强了系统整体的安全性和可用性。同时,卫星自适应授时增强算法使得卫星授时精度和稳定性分别提高了约17.1%和25.2%。

Orbit determination and time synchronization for a GEO/IGSO satellite navigation constellation with regional tracking network

Aiming at regional services,the space segment of COMPASS (Phase I) satellite navigation system is a constellation of Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO),Inclined Geostationary Earth Orbit (IGSO) and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites.Precise orbit determination (POD) for the satellites is limited by the geographic distribution of regional tracking stations.Independent time synchronization (TS) system is developed to supplement the regional tracking network,and satellite clock errors and orbit data may be obtained by simultaneously processing both tracking data and TS data.Consequently,inconsistency between tracking system and TS system caused by remaining instrumental errors not calibrated may decrease navigation accuracy.On the other hand,POD for the mixed constellation of GEO/IGSO/MEO with the regional tracking network leads to parameter estimations that are highly correlated.Notorious example of correlation is found between GEO's orbital elements and its clock errors.We estimate orbital elements and clock errors for a 3GEO+2IGSO constellation in this study using a multi-satellite precise orbit determination (MPOD) strategy,with which clock error elimination algorithm is applied to separate orbital and clock estimates to improve numerical efficiency.Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) data are used to evaluate User Ranging Error (URE),which is the orbital error projected on a receiver's line-of-sight direction.Two-way radio-wave time transfer measurements are used to evaluate clock errors.Experimenting with data from the regional tracking network,we conclude that the fitting of code data is better than 1 m in terms of Root-Mean-Square (RMS),and fitting of carrier phase is better than 1 cm.For orbital evaluation,difference between computed receiver-satellite ranging based on estimated orbits and SLR measurements is better than 1 m (RMS).For clock estimates evaluation,2-hour linear-fitting shows that the satellite clock rates are about 1.E-10 s/s,while receiver clock rates are about 1×10 13-1×10 12 s/s.For the 72-hour POD experiment,the average differences between POD satellite clock rates estimates and clock measurements based on TS system are about 1×10 13 s/s,and for receiver clock rates,the differences are about 1×10 15 s/s.

星地时间比对大气误差修正及其影响因素分析

由于空间环境较为复杂,大气对无线电微波信号的影响是星地高精度时间比对的主要误差源之一.针对星地高精度时间比对的需求,研究了双向测量体制下的电离层误差修正方法及对流层色散延迟修正方法,对影响大气误差修正的主要因素展开了讨论,并对不同场景下大气误差修正情况及星地时间比对结果进行了仿真分析.仿真结果表明:当卫星姿态误差控制在100 as以内、相位中心标定误差控制在5 mm以内、精密定轨误差控制在30 cm以内时,通过相应的误差修正算法修正后,电离层误差残差的RMS值小于0.006 ps,对流层误差残差的RMS值小于0.06 ps,星地时间比对精度优于皮秒量级.