It is very difficult to estimate exact values of time and cost of an activity in project scheduling process because many uncertain factors, such as weather, productivity level, human factors etc. , dynamically affect ...It is very difficult to estimate exact values of time and cost of an activity in project scheduling process because many uncertain factors, such as weather, productivity level, human factors etc. , dynamically affect them during project implementation process. A GAs-based fully fuzzy optimal time-cost trade-off model is presented based on fuzzy sets and genetic algorithms (GAs). In tihs model all parameters and variables are characteristics by fuzzy numbers. And then GAs is adopted to search for the optimal solution to this model. The method solves the time-cost trade-off problems under an uncertain environment and is proved practicable through a giving example in ship building scheduling.展开更多
Time-cost trade off problem (TCTP), known in the literature as project crashing problem (PCP) and project speeding up problem (PSP) is a part of project management in planning phase. In this problem, determining the o...Time-cost trade off problem (TCTP), known in the literature as project crashing problem (PCP) and project speeding up problem (PSP) is a part of project management in planning phase. In this problem, determining the optimal levels of activity durations and activity costs which satisfy the project goal(s), leads to a balance between the project completion time and the project total cost. A large amount of literature has studied this problem under various behavior of cost function. But, in all of them, influence of discount has not been in-vestigated. Hence, in this paper, TCTP would be studied considering the influence of discount on the re-source price, using genetic algorithm (GA). The performance of proposed idea has been tested on a medium scale test problem and several computational experiments have been conducted to investigate the appropriate levels of proposed GA considering accuracy and computational time.展开更多
In this in-depth exploration, I delve into the complex implications and costs of cybersecurity breaches. Venturing beyond just the immediate repercussions, the research unearths both the overt and concealed long-term ...In this in-depth exploration, I delve into the complex implications and costs of cybersecurity breaches. Venturing beyond just the immediate repercussions, the research unearths both the overt and concealed long-term consequences that businesses encounter. This study integrates findings from various research, including quantitative reports, drawing upon real-world incidents faced by both small and large enterprises. This investigation emphasizes the profound intangible costs, such as trade name devaluation and potential damage to brand reputation, which can persist long after the breach. By collating insights from industry experts and a myriad of research, the study provides a comprehensive perspective on the profound, multi-dimensional impacts of cybersecurity incidents. The overarching aim is to underscore the often-underestimated scope and depth of these breaches, emphasizing the entire timeline post-incident and the urgent need for fortified preventative and reactive measures in the digital domain.展开更多
根据控制的预期价值(expected value of control,EVC)模型,回报与代价通过调节动机共同影响认知控制的实施与分配(即回报-代价权衡)。在EVC模型外,还有许多探究动机相关因素如何影响认知控制的研究。文章首先总结梳理了可被视为回报或...根据控制的预期价值(expected value of control,EVC)模型,回报与代价通过调节动机共同影响认知控制的实施与分配(即回报-代价权衡)。在EVC模型外,还有许多探究动机相关因素如何影响认知控制的研究。文章首先总结梳理了可被视为回报或代价的因素及相关的实证证据;其次,基于回报-代价权衡简要讨论二者如何共同影响认知控制;最后提出未来研究可以从客观(优化权衡的计算模型)与主观(个体差异)两个方面更全面地解析回报-代价的权衡过程,以实现对认知控制的有效调控与精准干预。展开更多
In this paper,a new optimizing model has been designed to the linear programming model for time-cost trade-off in networks by using the characters of network construction. The model cuts down nearly the half number of...In this paper,a new optimizing model has been designed to the linear programming model for time-cost trade-off in networks by using the characters of network construction. The model cuts down nearly the half number of constraints then enlarges the extent of the application to network optindzation.展开更多
基金Supported by the National High-Tech. R&D Program for CIMS (NO. 2003AA414060).
文摘It is very difficult to estimate exact values of time and cost of an activity in project scheduling process because many uncertain factors, such as weather, productivity level, human factors etc. , dynamically affect them during project implementation process. A GAs-based fully fuzzy optimal time-cost trade-off model is presented based on fuzzy sets and genetic algorithms (GAs). In tihs model all parameters and variables are characteristics by fuzzy numbers. And then GAs is adopted to search for the optimal solution to this model. The method solves the time-cost trade-off problems under an uncertain environment and is proved practicable through a giving example in ship building scheduling.
文摘Time-cost trade off problem (TCTP), known in the literature as project crashing problem (PCP) and project speeding up problem (PSP) is a part of project management in planning phase. In this problem, determining the optimal levels of activity durations and activity costs which satisfy the project goal(s), leads to a balance between the project completion time and the project total cost. A large amount of literature has studied this problem under various behavior of cost function. But, in all of them, influence of discount has not been in-vestigated. Hence, in this paper, TCTP would be studied considering the influence of discount on the re-source price, using genetic algorithm (GA). The performance of proposed idea has been tested on a medium scale test problem and several computational experiments have been conducted to investigate the appropriate levels of proposed GA considering accuracy and computational time.
文摘In this in-depth exploration, I delve into the complex implications and costs of cybersecurity breaches. Venturing beyond just the immediate repercussions, the research unearths both the overt and concealed long-term consequences that businesses encounter. This study integrates findings from various research, including quantitative reports, drawing upon real-world incidents faced by both small and large enterprises. This investigation emphasizes the profound intangible costs, such as trade name devaluation and potential damage to brand reputation, which can persist long after the breach. By collating insights from industry experts and a myriad of research, the study provides a comprehensive perspective on the profound, multi-dimensional impacts of cybersecurity incidents. The overarching aim is to underscore the often-underestimated scope and depth of these breaches, emphasizing the entire timeline post-incident and the urgent need for fortified preventative and reactive measures in the digital domain.
文摘根据控制的预期价值(expected value of control,EVC)模型,回报与代价通过调节动机共同影响认知控制的实施与分配(即回报-代价权衡)。在EVC模型外,还有许多探究动机相关因素如何影响认知控制的研究。文章首先总结梳理了可被视为回报或代价的因素及相关的实证证据;其次,基于回报-代价权衡简要讨论二者如何共同影响认知控制;最后提出未来研究可以从客观(优化权衡的计算模型)与主观(个体差异)两个方面更全面地解析回报-代价的权衡过程,以实现对认知控制的有效调控与精准干预。
文摘In this paper,a new optimizing model has been designed to the linear programming model for time-cost trade-off in networks by using the characters of network construction. The model cuts down nearly the half number of constraints then enlarges the extent of the application to network optindzation.
