Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entanglement in time-dependent periodic pumping non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier

The solution of the time-dependent periodic pumping non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier （NOPA） is derived when the pump depletion is considered both above and below thresholds. Based on this solution, the quantum fluctuation calculated shows that a high entanglement and a good squeezing degree of the parametric light beams are achieved near and above thresholds. We adopt two kinds of pump fields： （i） a continuously modulated pump with a sinusoidal envelope; （ii） a sequence of laser pulses with Gaussian envelopes. We analyse the time evolution of continuous variable entanglement by analytical and numerical calculations, and show that the periodic driven pumping also improves the degree of entanglement. The squeezing and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen （EPR） entanglement by using the two pumping driven functions are investigated from below to above the threshold regions, the tendencies are nearly the same, and the Caussian driven function is superior to that of the sine driven function, when the maximum squeezing and the minimum variance of quantum fluctuation are considered. In the meantime, the generalization of frequency degenerate OPA to frequency non-degenerated OPA problem is investigated.

Modeling time-dependent mechanical behavior of hard rock considering excavation-induced damage and complex 3D stress states

To investigate the long-term stability of deep rocks,a three-dimensional(3D)time-dependent model that accounts for excavation-induced damage and complex stress state is developed.This model comprises three main components:a 3D viscoplastic isotropic constitutive relation that considers excavation damage and complex stress state,a quantitative relationship between critical irreversible deformation and complex stress state,and evolution characteristics of strength parameters.The proposed model is implemented in a self-developed numerical code,i.e.CASRock.The reliability of the model is validated through experiments.It is indicated that the time-dependent fracturing potential index(xTFPI)at a given time during the attenuation creep stage shows a negative correlation with the extent of excavationinduced damage.The time-dependent fracturing process of rock demonstrates a distinct interval effect of the intermediate principal stress,thereby highlighting the 3D stress-dependent characteristic of the model.Finally,the influence of excavation-induced damage and intermediate principal stress on the time-dependent fracturing characteristics of the surrounding rocks around the tunnel is discussed.

Impact of different interaction behavior on epidemic spreading in time-dependent social networks

We investigate the impact of pairwise and group interactions on the spread of epidemics through an activity-driven model based on time-dependent networks.The effects of pairwise/group interaction proportion and pairwise/group interaction intensity are explored by extensive simulation and theoretical analysis.It is demonstrated that altering the group interaction proportion can either hinder or enhance the spread of epidemics,depending on the relative social intensity of group and pairwise interactions.As the group interaction proportion decreases,the impact of reducing group social intensity diminishes.The ratio of group and pairwise social intensity can affect the effect of group interaction proportion on the scale of infection.A weak heterogeneous activity distribution can raise the epidemic threshold,and reduce the scale of infection.These results benefit the design of epidemic control strategy.

A process-oriented approach for identifying potential landslides considering time-dependent behaviors beyond geomorphological features

Geomorphological features are commonly used to identify potential landslides.Nevertheless,overemphasis on these features could lead to misjudgment.This research proposes a process-oriented approach for potential landslide identification that considers time-dependent behaviors.The method integrates comprehensive remote sensing and geological analysis to qualitatively assess slope stability,and employs numerical analysis to quantitatively calculate aging stability.Specifically,a time-dependent stability calculation method for anticlinal slopes is developed and implemented in discrete element software,incorporating time-dependent mechanical and strength reduction calculations.By considering the time-dependent evolution of slopes,this method highlights the importance of both geomorphological features and time-dependent behaviors in landslide identification.This method has been applied to the Jiarishan slope(JRS)on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a case study.The results show that the JRS,despite having landslide geomorphology,is a stable slope,highlighting the risk of misjudgment when relying solely on geomorphological features.This work provides insights into the geomorphological characterization and evolution history of the JRS and offers valuable guidance for studying slopes with similar landslide geomorphology.Furthermore,the process-oriented method incorporating timedependent evolution provides a means to evaluate potential landslides,reducing misjudgment due to excessive reliance on geomorphological features.

A GENERALIZED SCALAR AUXILIARY VARIABLE METHOD FOR THE TIME-DEPENDENT GINZBURG-LANDAU EQUATIONS

This paper develops a generalized scalar auxiliary variable(SAV)method for the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations.The backward Euler method is used for discretizing the temporal derivative of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations.In this method,the system is decoupled and linearized to avoid solving the non-linear equation at each step.The theoretical analysis proves that the generalized SAV method can preserve the maximum bound principle and energy stability,and this is confirmed by the numerical result,and also shows that the numerical algorithm is stable.

Thermomechanical Dynamics (TMD) and Bifurcation-Integration Solutions in Nonlinear Differential Equations with Time-Dependent Coefficients

The new independent solutions of the nonlinear differential equation with time-dependent coefficients (NDE-TC) are discussed, for the first time, by employing experimental device called a drinking bird whose simple back-and-forth motion develops into water drinking motion. The solution to a drinking bird equation of motion manifests itself the transition from thermodynamic equilibrium to nonequilibrium irreversible states. The independent solution signifying a nonequilibrium thermal state seems to be constructed as if two independent bifurcation solutions are synthesized, and so, the solution is tentatively termed as the bifurcation-integration solution. The bifurcation-integration solution expresses the transition from mechanical and thermodynamic equilibrium to a nonequilibrium irreversible state, which is explicitly shown by the nonlinear differential equation with time-dependent coefficients (NDE-TC). The analysis established a new theoretical approach to nonequilibrium irreversible states, thermomechanical dynamics (TMD). The TMD method enables one to obtain thermodynamically consistent and time-dependent progresses of thermodynamic quantities, by employing the bifurcation-integration solutions of NDE-TC. We hope that the basic properties of bifurcation-integration solutions will be studied and investigated further in mathematics, physics, chemistry and nonlinear sciences in general.

Sample size adaptive strategy for time-dependent Monte Carlo particle transport simulation

When multiphysics coupling calculations contain time-dependent Monte Carlo particle transport simulations, these simulations often account for the largest part of the calculation time, which is insufferable in certain important cases. This study proposes an adaptive strategy for automatically adjusting the sample size to fulfil more reasonable simulations. This is realized based on an extension of the Shannon entropy concept and is essentially different from the popular methods in timeindependent Monte Carlo particle transport simulations, such as controlling the sample size according to the relative error of a target tally or by experience. The results of the two models show that this strategy can yield almost similar results while significantly reducing the calculation time. Considering the efficiency, the sample size should not be increased blindly if the efficiency cannot be enhanced further. The strategy proposed herein satisfies this requirement.

鼻咽癌中Period2下调ERK/MAPK磷酸化水平的机制

目的探讨生物钟基因Period2在鼻咽癌中下调ERK/MAPK磷酸化水平的分子机制。方法用慢病毒对细胞进行感染,构建细胞系。采用Label-free蛋白质组学检测方法对PER2蛋白表达进行验证。采用不同浓度的ERK通路激活剂Ceramide C6干预各组细胞,MTT检测各组细胞的增殖能力,筛选最佳药物浓度和作用时间。采用ERK通路激活剂Ceramide C6干预细胞,正常对照组采用等剂量药物溶剂进行处理,分为6组。Western blot检测各组细胞PER2、ERK、p38MAPK、p-ERK、p-p38MAPK蛋白的表达。流式细胞术检测细胞周期,Transwell实验检测各组细胞侵袭能力,进一步明确PER2调控ERK、MAPK磷酸化的机制。用免疫组化检测PER2、p-ERK在人体鼻咽癌样本中的表达,并分析PER2、p-ERK与鼻咽癌临床特点的相关性。结果蛋白质组学检测结果示PER2过表达组的PER2蛋白表达明显高于阴性病毒对照组和空白对照组(P<0.05)。Top 20差异蛋白显示MAPK3在PER2过表达组和对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MTT实验结果:不同药物浓度处理后,根据每组细胞抑制率,得出最佳的药物作用浓度10μmol/L,最佳处理时间24 h。WB结果显示PER2过表达下调p-ERK、p-p38MAPK蛋白表达,ERK通路激活剂Ceramide C6干预后,在PER2-OE组中ERK、p38MAPK蛋白水平无明显变化,但p-ERK、p-p38MAPK蛋白表达水平上调,干预前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。细胞周期实验结果显示:ERK通路激活剂Ceramide C6干预各组细胞后,使细胞在G1期的比例明显增加,而在G2期数量减少。Transwell实验结果显示PER2过表达抑制细胞侵袭能力,此种现象不能被磷酸激酶逆转。在鼻咽癌组织、鼻咽部黏膜中PER2蛋白、p-ERK蛋白表达阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PER2蛋白表达与肿瘤的T分期相关(P<0.05)。在鼻咽癌组织中PER2蛋白与p-ERK蛋白表达相关(P<0.05)。结论PER2过表达下调ERK/MAPK磷酸化水平,可能不是直接作用于ERK和p38MAPK的磷酸化位点,而是与调控ERK和p38MAPK的关键节点有关。鼻咽癌组织中PER2蛋白呈低表达,p-ERK蛋白呈高表达,两者相关,并且与肿瘤的发生、发展关系密切。

The neutrophil–osteogenic cell axis promotes bone destruction in periodontitis

The immune-stromal cell interactions play a key role in health and diseases. In periodontitis, the most prevalent infectious disease in humans, immune cells accumulate in the oral mucosa and promote bone destruction by inducing receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) expression in osteogenic cells such as osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cells. However, the detailed mechanism underlying immune–bone cell interactions in periodontitis is not fully understood. Here, we performed single-cell RNAsequencing analysis on mouse periodontal lesions and showed that neutrophil–osteogenic cell crosstalk is involved in periodontitis-induced bone loss. The periodontal lesions displayed marked infiltration of neutrophils, and in silico analyses suggested that the neutrophils interacted with osteogenic cells through cytokine production. Among the cytokines expressed in the periodontal neutrophils, oncostatin M (OSM) potently induced RANKL expression in the primary osteoblasts, and deletion of the OSM receptor in osteogenic cells significantly ameliorated periodontitis-induced bone loss. Epigenomic data analyses identified the OSM-regulated RANKL enhancer region in osteogenic cells, and mice lacking this enhancer showed decreased periodontal bone loss while maintaining physiological bone metabolism. These findings shed light on the role of neutrophils in bone regulation during bacterial infection, highlighting the novel mechanism underlying osteoimmune crosstalk.

Time-dependent variational approach to solve multi-dimensional time-dependent Schr?dinger equation

We present an efficient approach to solve multi-dimensional time-dependent Schr?dinger equation(TDSE)in an intense laser field.In this approach,each spatial degree of freedom is treated as a distinguishable quasi-particle.The non-separable Coulomb potential is regarded as a two-body operator between different quasi-particles.The time-dependent variational principle is used to derive the equations of motion.Then the high-order multi-dimensional problem is broken down into several lower-order coupled equations,which can be efficiently solved.As a demonstration,we apply this method to solve the two-dimensional TDSE.The accuracy is tested by comparing the direct solutions of TDSE using several examples such as the strong-field ionization and the high harmonic generation.The results show that the present method is much more computationally efficient than the conventional one without sacrificing accuracy.The present method can be straightforwardly extended to three-dimensional problems.Our study provides a flexible method to investigate the laser-atom interaction in the nonperturbative regime.

Preweaning period is a critical window for rumen microbial regulation of average daily gain in Holstein heifer calves

Background Rumen bacterial groups can affect growth performance,such as average daily gain(ADG),feed intake,and efficiency.The study aimed to investigate the inter-relationship of rumen bacterial composition,rumen fermentation indicators,serum indicators,and growth performance of Holstein heifer calves with different ADG.Twelve calves were chosen from a trail with 60 calves and divided into higher ADG(HADG,high pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)and lower ADG(LADG,low pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)groups to investigate differences in bacterial composition and functions and host phenotype.Results During the preweaning period,the relative abundances of propionate producers,including g_norank_f_Butyricicoccaceae,g_Pyramidobacter,and g_norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadin BB60_group,were higher in HADG calves(LDA>2,P<0.05).Enrichment of these bacteria resulted in increased levels of propionate,a gluconeogenic precursor,in preweaning HADG calves(adjusted P<0.05),which consequently raised serum glucose concentrations(adjusted P<0.05).In contrast,the relative abundances of rumen bacteria in post-weaning HADG calves did not exert this effect.Moreover,no significant differences were observed in rumen fermentation parameters and serum indices between the two groups.Conclusions The findings of this study revealed that the preweaning period is the window of opportunity for rumen bacteria to regulate the ADG of calves.

Unstable and exact periodic solutions of three-particles time-dependent FPU chains

For lower dimensional Fermi–Pasta–Ulam（FPU） chains, the α-chain is completely integrable and the Hamiltonian of the β-chain can be identified with the H′enon–Heiles Hamiltonian. When the strengths α, β of the nonlinearities depend on time periodically with the same frequencies as the natural angular frequencies, the resonance phenomenon is inevitable. In this paper, for certain periodic functions α（t） and β（t） with resonance frequencies, we give the existence and stability of some nontrivial exact periodic solutions for a one-dimensional αβ-FPU model composed of three particles with periodic boundary conditions.

Ultrafast dynamics of femtosecond laser-induced high spatial frequency periodic structures on silicon surfaces

Femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)have been extensively studied over the past few decades.In particular,the period and groove width of high-spatial-frequency LIPSS(HSFL)is much smaller than the diffraction limit,making it a useful method for efficient nanomanufacturing.However,compared with the low-spatial-frequency LIPSS(LSFL),the structure size of the HSFL is smaller,and it is more easily submerged.Therefore,the formation mechanism of HSFL is complex and has always been a research hotspot in this field.In this study,regular LSFL with a period of 760 nm was fabricated in advance on a silicon surface with two-beam interference using an 800 nm,50 fs femtosecond laser.The ultrafast dynamics of HSFL formation on the silicon surface of prefabricated LSFL under single femtosecond laser pulse irradiation were observed and analyzed for the first time using collinear pump-probe imaging method.In general,the evolution of the surface structure undergoes five sequential stages:the LSFL begins to split,becomes uniform HSFL,degenerates into an irregular LSFL,undergoes secondary splitting into a weakly uniform HSFL,and evolves into an irregular LSFL or is submerged.The results indicate that the local enhancement of the submerged nanocavity,or the nanoplasma,in the prefabricated LSFL ridge led to the splitting of the LSFL,and the thermodynamic effect drove the homogenization of the splitting LSFL,which evolved into HSFL.

New Families of Soliton and Periodic Solutions of Bose-Einstein Condensation in Linear Magnetic Field and Time-Dependent Laser Field

By using a new generally projective Riccati equation method and with the help of symbolic computation,we consider a nonlinear Gross-Pitaevskii equation with weak bias magnetic and time-dependent laser fields. As a result,some new soliton solutions, rational function solution, and periodic solutions are obtained.

Non-harmonic resonance of viscoelastic structures subjected to time-dependent exponentially decreasing transverse distributed loads

In this paper,the non-harmonic resonance of Bernoulli viscoelastic beams,Kirchhoff viscoelastic plates,Timoshenko viscoelastic beams,and Mindlin viscoelastic plates subjected to time-dependent exponentially decreasing transverse distributed load is investigated for the first time.The constitutive equations are expressed utilizing Boltzmann integral law with a constant bulk modulus.The displacement vector is approximated by employing the separation of variables method.The Laplace transformation is used to transfer equations from the time domain to the Laplace domain and vice versa.The novel point of the proposed method is to express,prove and calculate the critical time in which the displacement will be several times the displacement at time zero.In addition,this new method calculates the maximum deflection at the critical time,explicitly and exactly,without any need to follow the time-displacement curve with a low computational cost.Additionally,the proposed method introduces the critical range of time so that the responses are greater than the responses at time zero.

PERIODIC SYSTEMS WITH TIME DEPENDENT MAXIMAL MONOTONE OPERATORS

We consider a first order periodic system in R^(N),involving a time dependent maximal monotone operator which need not have a full domain and a multivalued perturbation.We prove the existence theorems for both the convex and nonconvex problems.We also show the existence of extremal periodic solutions and provide a strong relaxation theorem.Finally,we provide an application to nonlinear periodic control systems.

Blowup of Solutions to the Non-Isentropic Compressible Euler Equations with Time-Dependent Damping and Vacuum

This paper mainly studies the blowup phenomenon of solutions to the compressible Euler equations with general time-dependent damping for non-isentropic fluids in two and three space dimensions. When the initial data is assumed to be radially symmetric and the initial density contains vacuum, we obtain that classical solution, especially the density, will blow up on finite time. The results also reveal that damping can really delay the singularity formation.

ON THE STABILITY OF PERIODIC SOLUTIONS OF PIECEWISE SMOOTH PERIODIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

In this paper,we address the stability of periodic solutions of piecewise smooth periodic differential equations.By studying the Poincarémap,we give a sufficient condition to judge the stability of a periodic solution.We also present examples of some applications.

Tim4 deficiency reduces CD301b+macrophage and aggravates periodontitis bone loss

Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease that causes the periodontal bone destruction and may ultimately result in tooth loss.With the progression of periodontitis,the osteoimmunology microenvironment in periodontitis is damaged and leads to the formation of pathological alveolar bone resorption.CD301b^(+)macrophages are specific to the osteoimmunology microenvironment,and are emerging as vital booster for conducting bone regeneration.However,the key upstream targets of CD301b^(+)macrophages and their potential mechanism in periodontitis remain elusive.In this study,we concentrated on the role of Tim4,a latent upstream regulator of CD301b^(+)macrophages.We first demonstrated that the transcription level of Timd4(gene name of Tim4)in CD301b^(+)macrophages was significantly upregulated compared to CD301b^(-) macrophages via high-throughput RNA sequencing.Moreover,several Tim4-related functions such as apoptotic cell clearance,phagocytosis and engulfment were positively regulated by CD301b^(+)macrophages.The single-cell RNA sequencing analysis subsequently discovered that Cd301b and Timd4 were specifically co-expressed in macrophages.The following flow cytometric analysis indicated that Tim4 positive expression rates in total macrophages shared highly synchronized dynamic changes with the proportions of CD301b^(+)macrophages as periodontitis progressed.Furthermore,the deficiency of Tim4 in mice decreased CD301b^(+)macrophages and eventually magnified alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis.Additionally,Tim4 controlled the p38 MAPK signaling pathway to ultimately mediate CD301b^(+)macrophages phenotype.In a word,Tim4 might regulate CD301b^(+)macrophages through p38 MAPK signaling pathway in periodontitis,which provided new insights into periodontitis immunoregulation as well as help to develop innovative therapeutic targets and treatment strategies for periodontitis.

Dynamics of Periodic Waves in Bose-Einstein Condensate with Time-Dependent Atomic Scattering Length

Evolution of periodic waves and solitary waves in Bose-Einstein condensates （BECs） with time-dependent atomic scattering length in an expulsive parabolic potential is studied. Based on the mapping deformation method, we successfully obtain periodic wave solutions and solitary wave solutions, including the bright and dark soliton solutions.The results in this paper include some in the literatures [Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 （2005） 050402 and Chin. Phys. Left. 22 （2005） 1855].