Numerical analysis of multicomponent responses of surface-hole transient electromagnetic method

We calculate the multicomponent responses of surface-hole transient electromagnetic method. The methods and models are unsuitable as geoelectric models of conductive surrounding rocks because they are based on regular local targets. We also propose a calculation and analysis scheme based on numerical simulations of the subsurface transient electromagnetic fields. In the modeling of the electromagnetic fields, the forward modeling simulations are performed by using the finite-difference time-domain method and the discrete image method, which combines the Gaver–Stehfest inverse Laplace transform with the Prony method to solve the initial electromagnetic fields. The precision in the iterative computations is ensured by using the transmission boundary conditions. For the response analysis, we customize geoelectric models consisting of near-borehole targets and conductive wall rocks and implement forward modeling simulations. The observed electric fields are converted into induced electromotive force responses using multicomponent observation devices. By comparing the transient electric fields and multicomponent responses under different conditions, we suggest that the multicomponent-induced electromotive force responses are related to the horizontal and vertical gradient variations of the transient electric field at different times. The characteristics of the response are determined by the varying the subsurface transient electromagnetic fields, i.e., diffusion, attenuation and distortion, under different conditions as well as the electromagnetic fields at the observation positions. The calculation and analysis scheme of the response consider the surrounding rocks and the anomalous field of the local targets. It therefore can account for the geological data better than conventional transient field response analysis of local targets.

Transient thermo-mechanical analysis for bimorph soft robot based on thermally responsive liquid crystal elastomers

Thermally responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) hold great promise in applications of soft robots and actuators because of the induced size and shape change with temperature. Experiments have successfully demonstrated that the LCE based bimorphs can be effective soft robots once integrated with soft sensors and thermal actuators. Here, we present an analytical transient thermo-mechanical model for a bimorph structure based soft robot, which consists of a strip of LCE and a thermal inert polymer actuated by an ultra-thin stretchable open-mesh shaped heater to mimic the unique locomotion behaviors of an inchworm. The coupled mechanical and thermal analysis based on the thermo-mechanical theory is carried out to underpin the transient bending behavior, and a systematic understanding is therefore achieved. The key analytical results reveal that the thickness and the modulus ratio of the LCE and the inert polymer layer dominate the transient bending deformation. The analytical results will not only render fundamental understanding of the actuation of bimorph structures, but also facilitate the rational design of soft robotics.

Time Domain Simulation of Transient Responses of Very Large Floating Structures Under Unsteady External Loads

A time domain finite element method （FEM） for the analysis of transient elastic response of a very large floating structure （VLFS） subjected to arbitrary time-dependent external loads is presented. This method is developed directly in time domain and the hydrodynamic problem is formulated based on linear, inviscid and slightly compressible fluid theory and the structural response is analyzed on the thin plate assumption. The time domain finite element procedure herein is validated by comparing numerical results with available experimental data. Finally, the transient elastic response of a pontoon-type VLFS under the landing of an airplane is computed by the proposed time domain FEM. The time histories of the applied force and the position and velocity of an airplane during landing are modeled with data from a Boeing 747-400 jumbo jet.

Dynamic probabilistic analysis of stress and deformation for bladed disk assemblies of aeroengine

In order to describe and control the stress distribution and total deformation of bladed disk assemblies used in the aeroengine, a highly efficient and precise method of probabilistic analysis which is called extremum response surface method(ERSM) is produced based on the previous deterministic analysis results with the finite element model(FEM). In this work, many key nonlinear factors, such as the dynamic feature of the temperature load, the centrifugal force and the boundary conditions, are taken into consideration for the model. The changing patterns with time of bladed disk assemblies about stress distribution and total deformation are obtained during the deterministic analysis, and at the same time, the largest deformation and stress nodes of bladed disk assemblies are found and taken as input target of probabilistic analysis in a scientific and reasonable way. Not only their reliability, historical sample, extreme response surface(ERS) and the cumulative probability distribution function but also their sensitivity and effect probability are obtained. Main factors affecting stress distribution and total deformation of bladed disk assemblies are investigated through the sensitivity analysis of the model. Finally, compared with the response surface method(RSM) and the Monte Carlo simulation(MCS), the results show that this new approach is effective.

A HIGH ACCURATE TIME-DOMAIN-ADVANCE INTEGRATION METHOD FOR TRANSIENT ELASTODYNAMIC PROBLEMS

All step-by-step integration methods available at present for structural dynamic analysis use the displacement, velocity, and acceleration vectors computed at a previous interval for evaluating those at an advanced time step. Hence, an accumulated error will be definitely introduced after such integration. This paper presents a novel time-domain-advance integration method for transient elastodynamic problems in which the exact initial conditions are strictly satisfied for the solutions for each time step. In this way, the accumu- lated error can be eliminated and the approximate solutions will converge to the exact ones uniformly on the whole time domain. Therefore. the new method is more accurate. When applying to a structural dynamic problem, the present mehtod does not have to use the initial acceleration as is required by most other algorithms and the corresponding computation can be avoided. The present method is simple in representation, easy to be programmed, and especially suitable for accurate analyses of long-time problems. The comparison of numerical results with exact ones shows that the present method is much more accurate than some most widely used algorithms.

Detecting damage to offshore platform structures using the time-domain data

A new method that uses time-domain response data under random loading is proposed for detecting damage to the structural elements of offshore platforms. In our study, a time series model with a fitting order was first constructed using the time-domain of noise data. A sensitivity matrix consisting of the first differential of the autoregressive coefficients of the time series models with respect to the stiffness of structural elements was then obtained based on time-domain response data. Locations and severity of damage may then be estimated by solving the damage vector whose components express the degrees of damage to the structural elements. A unique aspect of this detection method is that it requires acceleration history data from only one or a few sensors. This makes it feasible for a limited array of sensors to obtain sufficient data. The efficiency and reliability of the proposed method was demonstrated by applying it to a simplified offshore platform with damage to one element. Numerical simulations show that the use of a few sensors’ acceleration history data, when compared with recorded levels of noise, is capable of detecting damage efficiently. An increase in the number of sensors helps improve the diagnosis success rate.

Research of Network Transient Performance at Small Perturbations

The advisability of the use of matrix methods of equations rearrangement for the investigated system which allows writing a secular equation is considered in this article. This approach greatly simplifies the analysis of performance of transient response in complicated multi-coupled electrical system at small perturbations.

冲击拦阻力计算及车架结构的瞬态分析

针对采用撞击试验法来测试钢索拦阻系统的可靠性问题,这里首次基于能量法建立了轨道车拦阻动力学模型。对不同指标及不同运行速度下冲击拦阻力的变化规律进行了分析,并给出了用于描述轨道车冲击拦阻力的具体表达式。在此基础上,对不同工况下的车架进行瞬态响应分析。结果表明:在撞击初期,冲击拦阻力Fx增长迅速,当轨道车位移一定距离后,Fx增长缓慢或保持不变,直到轨道车被安全拦停;车架的前心盘以及中梁与撞击梁交界处是应力集中的区域,容易出现破坏;车架在相同撞击初速度下,使拦停距离最短的车架形变量比使最大钢索拉力值为最小的车架形变量明显要大。

汽车尾气温差发电系统瞬态回收性能分析

为了预测温差发电(thermoelectric generator, TEG)系统的动态特性,基于COMSOL Multiphy-sics建立了用于求解温差发电系统温度场分布的瞬态计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)模型和用于研究温差发电模块瞬态响应特性的分析模型,提出了混合瞬态CFD-分析模型,并经过瞬态试验验证.结果表明:由于热惯性的影响,TEG系统的转化效率会出现一个瞬时的较高值;相较于尾气温度和质量流量的瞬态波动,热电半导体的热端温度和冷端温度会存在时滞;在美国环保局的高速公路燃油经济性测试(highway fuel economy test, HWFET)模式循环工况下,瞬态模型求解得到整个温差发电系统的平均输出功率、平均转化效率分别为35.63 W和3.40%,瞬态模型的输出电压平均误差为6.41%;该模型能够以较高的精度及较短的计算时间预测温差发电系统在瞬态热源激励下的瞬态响应特性.

一种高速A/D转换器时域重构技术研究

A/D转换器在航空航天系统中的重要元器件,随着器件转换时钟频率不断提高而其工作环境不断恶化,如何准确测试其时间参数对于全面评价A/D转换器性能特别重要。目前对于高速A/D转换器时间参数测试,主流方法是通过示波器直接测试其输出,该方法对于示波器采样速度要求比较高。文章提出一种高速A/D转换器时域重构技术,可以通过计算机数字信号处理方法来实现高速A/D转换器时间参数测试,同时避免对示波器采样速度的依赖。同时,在研究高速A/D转换器时域重构技术方法及其应用的基础上,通过了相关试验验证。

周向槽宽度对涡轮增压器转子系统非线性动力学特性影响研究

浮环外表面周向槽宽度结构参数会影响外膜压力分布,进而对高速轻载涡轮增压器转子系统非线性振动特性产生显著影响。基于流体润滑机理和有限元理论,建立了包含轴系集总运动方程、浮环轴承瞬态温度模型、润滑油黏温方程以及轴承间隙热变形方程在内的涡轮增压器轴系热-流-固耦合的综合模型,并提出了一种有效的求解策略。通过与试验数据对比,验证了该综合模型的准确性和可靠性。以某柴油机用涡轮增压器转子系统为例,通过三维振动瀑布图研究不同周向槽宽度在低(50℃)、中(90℃)、高(130℃)3种入口油温下转子系统频域瞬态振动响应。结果表明:相对于全圆瓦浮环轴承支撑的转子系统,当周向槽宽度从2.4 mm增加至4.8 mm时,在不同入口油温下转子系统内膜涡动、振荡的转速区间逐渐缩小,振动幅值均大幅降低;但随着周向槽宽度和入口油温的增加,外膜承载力降低,转子系统呈现出刚性运动,即零频振动,并且零频振动幅值高于低频振动,成为主导频率。当周向槽宽度从2.4 mm增加至4.8 mm:入口油温为50℃时转子系统的最大无量纲振幅值降幅分别约为67%、75%和83%;入口油温增加至90℃时,转子系统的最大无量纲振幅值降幅分别约38%、75%和82%;入口油温增加至130℃时,最大无量纲振幅值降幅分别约为67%、75%和79%。因此,对于不同的入口油温,周向槽浮环轴承可使转子系统的振动幅值大幅降低,有利于提高转子系统的稳定性,结论可为周向槽浮环轴承的参数设计提供理论参考。

结合特征根及模态分析法的逆变器多机并网系统谐波扰动响应分析

为了从本质上解释逆变器多机并网系统受到宽频谐波扰动后的动态行为,该文理论推导特征根与系统稳态和暂态响应的解析解,进而利用单个逆变器并网的实例验证了采用特征根分析系统谐波响应的可行性。针对逆变器多机并网系统,阐明特征根与谐振模态的对应关系,使得利用模态分析方法既能解析系统内部支路对不同谐振模态的可激励性和可观测性,又能视系统为一个整体对其稳定性进行分析。最后,通过仿真与实验验证了结合特征根分析逆变器并网系统动态行为的正确性及有效性。

计及火电锅炉蓄热的互联系统频率暂态模型及解析分析

高比例新能源接入电网挤占了火电机组的发电空间并带来了较强波动性,火电机组常处于深调状态且易受到扰动的侵扰,导致锅炉蓄热水平差,频率响应能力未达标称,威胁系统频率稳定性。文中针对火电机组蓄热动态变化的影响展开研究,基于直流潮流与经典锅炉模型,构建了计及锅炉蓄热动态的互联系统频率暂态分析模型;通过模型等值聚合、等效变换、解环与近似替代,降低了模型阶数;进一步,基于模型特点进行模态分解,推导两机等值模型的简单闭式解,并基于闭式解,分析了火电机组锅炉蓄热模型参数对互联系统频率暂态过程的影响。算例表明,所建模型与所提解析方法能够在频率暂态计算中准确计及锅炉蓄热对互联系统的影响,所得结果可为增强火电机组频率支撑能力提供参考。

基于矩阵束方法的传输线系统瞬态响应分析

带有频变负载的传输线系统的瞬态响应分析是电磁兼容领域的一个重要内容,特别是对于频变负载网络较为复杂或内部结构不清晰的情况,其瞬态响应的分析较为困难。本文首先在采样频率点处对频变负载端口导纳进行测量或计算得到相应的采样导纳,并采用有理函数逼近的方式对端口导纳进行等效;之后采用矩阵束(MPM)方法求解出有理逼近函数所需的极点和留数,并将其代入到分段线性递归卷积(PLRC)技术中,实现传输线和频变负载连接点处电压的分段线性递归卷积表达;最后,结合传输线方程实现带有频变负载的传输线系统的瞬态响应分析,并通过2个算例对所提方法的性能进行验证。结果表明,所提方法在计算精确度上具有明显的优势。

某型航空发动机双转子系统碰摩分析及挠度抑制方法研究

针对航空发动机的碰摩故障,建立某型航空发动机转子系统三维有限元模型,进行临界转速计算、低压转子瞬态响应和双转子系统碰摩风险分析;进行双转子系统碰摩响应计算,得出双转子系统碰摩工况和位置识别;采用限位轴承进行挠度抑制。结果表明:双转子系统碰摩工况与位置符合低压转子瞬态响应与临界特性,低压转子的2、3阶临界特性受到了抑制。

基于有限元仿真的电池包机械冲击分析

以纯电动汽车的电池包为研究对象,通过GB 38031-2020确定其冲击载荷,进行有限元分析。利用OptiStruct对电池包进行瞬态响应计算,结果表明在7 ms时,电池包的吊耳及螺栓处的最大应力为167.5 MPa,小于材料抗拉强度270 MPa,符合设计要求。在开发初期应用有限元分析方法进行电池包的瞬态响应分析,有利于缩短电池包设计周期并降低成本。

某工业设备钢结构平台振动问题的动力测试与分析

以某工业设备钢结构平台外激励下的振动问题为背景,对该平台振动设备开启状态与自然扰动状态下典型位置加速度、速度响应进行了动力测试,采用3D3S(V14.10)软件建立了整体与局部模型并进行了模态分析;然后,采用ABAQUS软件对考虑简化振动条件下的结构进行了谐响应分析,分析结果表明,激励频率并非共振显著频率;最后,进行了简化振动条件下的瞬态动力学分析,并对增加板厚与加大梁柱截面2种加固方式进行了减振效果对比分析,分析结果表明,对该类型钢结构平台,增加楼板刚度及结构刚度不能够显著降低振动水平,针对类似结构,应采取隔振措施来解决设备激励导致的结构振动问题。

行波超声波电机瞬态特性的测试及分析

瞬态响应特性是超声波电机的一项重要性能指标。通过主要由光电编码器和数字示波器组成的测试系统,对直径60mm行波超声波电机的瞬态响应特性进行测试,测得超声波电机启动和断电自锁时定子振动和转速变化的过程。利用测试数据和建立定、转子接触面上力的传递、转子内力的传递、定、转子振动耦合特性等力学模型,对行波超声波电机的瞬态特性进行理论分析。这些分析为超声波电机的深入研究提供了理论依据。

海上风电基础结构动力分析

针对单桩、三桩、四桩导管架3种常规海上风电基础结构型式动力特性展开研究。以模态分析为基础,获得结构整体固有频率和振型;进而综合运用谐响应分析、瞬态分析、谱分析等方法,对基础结构在简谐荷载、冲击荷载、地震荷载及波浪荷载作用下的动力响应特性进行了数值模拟计算和分析。结果显示:本设计中的单桩、三桩、四桩基础结构刚度依次增大,一阶固有频率递增;对于相同的动力荷载激励,基础结构动力响应递减;基础结构设计中既要保证结构具有足够的刚度以满足荷载作用下的变形控制要求,还要使基础刚度适中以避免共振。为海上风电基础结构动力分析提供了参考。

大型油罐箱公路运输响应分析

为了确定大型油罐箱运输过程中的响应分布规律,使用MSC/NASTRAN有限元软件建立了油罐箱和运输车整体的三维有限元模型.首先分析了油罐箱和运输车整体的动力学特性,得到了系统的固有频率和振型.随后采用随机响应和瞬态响应两种方法进行分析计算,得到了运输车在不同等级公路以不同速度行驶情况下的响应值,确定了最大响应的位置和运输过程中危险频率区间及其对应振型,且两种方法所得的加速度响应均方根值一致.计算结果表明运输车可有效地衰减路面激励,油罐箱加速度响应的最大值为均方根值的2.5～3倍.