国家级重大科技计划中标准化科研项目的对比分析及对我国标准化科研工作的借鉴意义——以国家重点研发计划、NITRD和PRISM为例

本文使用文献调研法、网站调研法、特征归纳法、分析比较法对美国NITRD、日本PRISM、我国重点研发计划进行了调研和分析比较。全面梳理了所收集到的科技计划的背景、战略意义及目标,通过对比分析,发现在科技计划的管理模式上、资助方式及产学研结合方面,日本PRISM计划和美国NITRD计划更加关注高校、初创私营科研机构的创新环境,促进科研创新环境的建立和发展。并从标准化科研角度切入,建议应在科技计划中设立标准化科研专项并持续加大标准化专项经费投入,及对标准化专业科研团体的扶持和培育力度。

Finite Difference Schemes for Time-Space Fractional Diffusion Equations in One-and Two-Dimensions

In this paper,finite difference schemes for solving time-space fractional diffusion equations in one dimension and two dimensions are proposed.The temporal derivative is in the Caputo-Hadamard sense for both cases.The spatial derivative for the one-dimensional equation is of Riesz definition and the two-dimensional spatial derivative is given by the fractional Laplacian.The schemes are proved to be unconditionally stable and convergent.The numerical results are in line with the theoretical analysis.

发达国家重大科技计划研究及对我国标准化科研的启示——以日本PRISM计划为例

随着全球化的发展,世界主要经济体将“标准化战略”作为一种通过构建技术壁垒提高国际竞争力的重要手段。本文通过以日本PRISM计划下设的“推进标准利用支持专项”为例,分析日本政府推进政府与私营部门协同开展标准化工作的基本思路、政策布局和具体做法,为我国政府与私营部门协调开展标准化工作,参与国际竞争提供参考。

TIME-SPACE CONCEPT FOR PRECISION MEASUREMENT

The transformation between time and space is discussed. To improve real-time response speed of intelligent measuring system, the concept of exchanging program execution time with more circuitry is presented working in cycle mode. Displacement measuring by magnification is achieved with period measurement by magnification. To change the condition that traditional precision measurement depends on machining precision greatly, the concept of measuring space with time and theory of time-space coordinate transformation are proposed. Guided by the idea of measuring space with time, differential frequency measurement system and time grating displacement sensor are developed based on the proposed novel methods. And high-precision measurement is achieved without high-precision manufacture, which embeds the remarkable characteristics of low cost but high precision to the devices. Experiment and test results conform the validity of the proposed time-space concept.

Adaptive time-space resource and waveform control for collocated MIMO radar with simultaneous multi-beam

Collocated multiple input multiple output(MIMO)radar,which has agile multi-beam working mode,can offer enhanced multiple targets tracking(MTT)ability.In detail,it can illuminate different targets simultaneously with multi-beam or one wide beam among multi-beam,providing greater degree of freedom in system resource control.An adaptive time-space resource and waveform control optimization model for the collocated MIMO radar with simultaneous multi-beam is proposed in this paper.The aim of the proposed scheme is to improve the overall tracking accuracy and meanwhile minimize the resource consumption under the guarantee of effective targets detection.A resource and waveform control algorithm which integrates the genetic algorithm(GA)is proposed to solve the optimization problem.The optimal transmitting waveform parameters,system sampling period,sub-array number,binary radar tracking parameterχ_i(t_k),transmitting energy and multi-beam direction vector combination are chosen adaptively,where the first one realizes the waveform control and the latter five realize the timespace resource allocation.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

Adaptive resource management for multi-target tracking in co-located MIMO radar based on time-space joint allocation

Compared with the traditional phased array radar, the co-located multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) radar is able to transmit orthogonal waveforms to form different illuminating modes, providing a larger freedom degree in radar resource management. In order to implement the effective resource management for the co-located MIMO radar in multi-target tracking,this paper proposes a resource management optimization model,where the system resource consumption and the tracking accuracy requirements are considered comprehensively. An adaptive resource management algorithm for the co-located MIMO radar is obtained based on the proposed model, where the sub-array number, sampling period, transmitting energy, beam direction and working mode are adaptively controlled to realize the time-space resource joint allocation. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the co-located MIMO radar using the proposed algorithm can satisfy the predetermined tracking accuracy requirements with less comprehensive cost compared with the phased array radar.

A Time-Space Optimal Parallel Sorting on a Hypercube

In this paper we discuss a parallel sorting algorithm on a hypercube. Its time complexity is O(n logn/p) +O(n). Here, P is the number of processors available and n, the amount of items to be sorted. Take the problem of time-space optimization into consideration, when P≤ O(log n), this algorithm is both timespace optimal and cost optimization. But this means only speedup is O(P) and it is not linear speedup. Therefore, we further discuss relevant parallel efficiency problems.

Modeling of Surface Waves in a Fluid Saturated Poro-Elastic Medium under Initial Stress Using Time-Space Domain Higher Order Finite Difference Method

In this present context, mathematical modeling of the propagation of surface waves in a fluid saturated poro-elastic medium under the influence of initial stress has been considered using time dependent higher order finite difference method (FDM). We have proved that the accuracy of this finite-difference scheme is 2M when we use 2nd order time domain finite-difference and 2M-th order space domain finite-difference. It also has been shown that the dispersion curves of Love waves are less dispersed for higher order FDM than of lower order FDM. The effect of initial stress, porosity and anisotropy of the layer in the propagation of Love waves has been studied here. The numerical results have been shown graphically. As a particular case, the phase velocity in a non porous elastic solid layer derived in this paper is in perfect agreement with that of Liu et al. (2009).

SLC Method and Earthquakes' Clustering Features in Time-Space in the Top Area of the Kunlun-Altun-Arc

By using the SLC(Single-Link Cluster)method,this study worked in three respects:(a)set up three-dimensional(3-D)SLC software that can deal with a large catalogue of earthquakes and analyze the characteristics of earthquakes’ clustering and scattering in time-space:(b)defined several parameters to describe the distinguishing feature for the SLC frame and developed a technique to calculate the 3-D SLC frames and these parameters with gradual time-sliding,and inspected their variations with time,especially before large events; and(c)by using these means,treated the earthquake catalogue in the top area of the Kunlun-Altun-Arc as well as some valuable results that had been obtained.

Prism彩色电子纸在装饰应用场景中的创新实践

基于Prism彩色电子纸原理,通过与其他电子纸技术对比分析,着重介绍了Prism彩色电子纸的原理、种类和特点,以及其在指示牌、温湿度计、服饰类、建筑类等装饰型场景的创新实践,并对Prism未来的发展方式进行展望。

质量比对D形截面柱体流致振动的影响

利用涡激振动进行海流能收集的VIVACE装置是新能源领域的研究热点.应用FLUENT软件采用k-ωSST湍流模型和Newmark-β法,通过数值模拟探究了四个质量比(2,5,7和10)在迎流角90°下D形截面柱体的流致振动响应,系统分析了D形截面柱体在横流向上的振动幅值、频率、平衡位置偏移量、尾涡脱落模式以及能量转化效率.所模拟的雷诺数范围为288~2880,对应的约化速度为2~20.结果表明,质量比对D形截面柱体流致振动的影响明显,质量比会改变D形截面柱体流致振动的响应分支.质量比越大,D形截面柱体进入驰振对应的约化速度越低;质量比增大,D形截面柱体平衡位置偏移量相对减小.随着约化速度的增大,D形截面柱体出现了涡激振动、涡激振动-驰振及完全驰振等响应分支.在所模拟的范围内,D形截面柱体高能量转化效率出现在涡激振动分支,而不是在驰振分支;在质量比为10且约化速度为4.5时,一级能量转化效率达到最大值44%.相关研究可为VIVACE装置的振子选型提供参考.

直角三棱镜补充视角的密封圈缺陷检测研究

为解决三维激光检测中被测物体底面点云无法被高效获取的问题,本文提出了基于直角三棱镜折射原理的补充视角三维点云扫描获取方法。该方法使用直角三棱镜将底面图像折射到侧面,弥补了三维检测的底面检测视角缺失的问题,补充了底面检测视角。本文以密封圈作为缺陷检测对象,采用结构光三维相机采集三维点云。与直接扫描法相比,本方法可以一次性实时、快速地寻找出密封圈完整的表面缺陷,尤其使底面缺陷检测变得更容易,且无需设置特殊的夹取装置或复杂的机械臂等机械结构,仅需增加一块直角三棱镜。实验证实,直角三棱镜补充视角的点云扫描方法能够达到成像要求,对常见的密封圈断裂缺陷与塌陷缺陷均可很好的检出,检测准确率可达到100,满足密封密封圈缺陷检测的需求。

双自由度D形截面柱体流致振动的二维数值模拟

本文研究了D形截面柱体在顺流向和横流向两个自由度下的流致振动特性,迎流角为90°,质量比为2.6,雷诺数为370~3685,应用RANS方程采用SST k-ω湍流模型和Newmark-β法求解水流运动和柱体运动,入口流速采用匀加速法,检验了数值模型的网格和时间步长敏感性,并与相关文献的实验结果进行对比,验证了数值模型的可靠性。基于计算结果,系统分析了D形截面柱体的振幅、振动频率、水动力系数、尾涡脱落模式,以及平均位置偏移情况。结果表明,双自由度D形截面柱体在约化速度为8~14的区间内表现为涡激振动-驰振模式,尾涡多为2S和S+2S交替脱落,双自由度振幅比单自由度有显著的增大。升力主要偏向截面的直线边一侧,且升力出现了多个倍频。横流向和顺流向平均偏移量最大都可达到一倍特征长度以上。

用分光计测三棱镜折射率光路图的MATLAB动画演示

建立了三棱镜光路图的数学模型,应用MATLAB绘制光路图,检验了模型的正确性.随着三棱镜的旋转,直观地演示了分光计中光路图和偏向角的变化过程,指出了最小偏向角.

基于PRISM和泰森多边形的地形要素日降水量空间插值研究

以黑河流域河西走廊中段地区为例,利用该研究区年、月降水与地形间较强的相关性特点,在PRISM方法的基础上对该地区日降水量进行了空间插值计算。文章提出了以月降水量的PRISM空间插值结果为该月逐日降水空间分布的参考本底,利用泰森多边形方法确定空间日降水的概率,从而实现黑河流域河西走廊中段地区日降水的空间制图方法,并对该方法得到的日降水时空数据集进行了误差分析和评估。分析结果表明,这一方法简单可靠,满足分布式水文模型或相关陆表过程分布式模拟对分布式日降水数据时空精度的要求。

ALOS卫星PRISM影像严格几何模型的构建与验证

根据ALOS卫星全色遥感立体测绘仪(PRISM)传感器的成像原理,利用卫星影像的辅助数据文件构建无需地面点的严格几何模型。试验发现,直接利用星上提供的轨道姿态数据和严格几何模型进行无控制定位精度较差,经分析发现ALOS卫星辅助数据文件中提供的CCD侧视角可能存在固定的系统误差,经校正后能使定位精度得到显著提高,达到ALOS卫星标称的几何定位精度。不同景影像定位精度的差异可能的原因是CCD侧视角的细微变化。

基于DEM的地理要素PRISM空间内插研究

利用PRISM模型基于DEM、站点数据和其它空间数据图层内插了气象要素,以便准确表达其空间分布特征。为了比较PRISM空间内插结果,采用GIS常用的Kriging内插、Spline内插等方法分别对降水和气温站点数据进行空间插补,并对内插结果进行精度分析、DEM空间分辨率的影响分析和各个权重因子的影响分析。分析表明,PRISM方法比其它内插方法能够更加精确地表达气象要素的空间分布,更适合于在地形复杂地区地表参数的空间内插。由于气象要素空间分布的复杂性,PRISM内插方法不能完全表达地表参数空间异质性。以后研究中,应在更小的站点影响单元内考虑更多因子利用PRISM方法进行气象要素的空间内插。

ALOS-PRISM遥感影像超分辨率重建

介绍了日本ALOS卫星PRISM三线阵传感器的成像原理和方法,提出了利用PRISM三线阵影像进行超分辨率重建来提高PRISM影像的空间分辨率。提出了新的光流配准算法,该算法将标准互相关配准算法引入到Lucas-Kanade光流配准算法中,大大的减少了误配率,能够有效的消除PRISM Level1级别的影像之间由于地形起伏所引起的变形。同时,改进了影像的高斯退化模型,在超分辨率算法中,引入了可变退化函数,通过交替最小化(AM)算法对可变退化函数进行盲估计,实验结果表明,超分辨率重建影像与插值影像相比,细节清晰很多,有效的提高了影像的分辨率。实验结果说明了本文配准算法可以达到超分辨率重建的亚像素的精度要求,可以应用于航空遥感影像的高精度匹配,同时也说明了将航空遥感影像的退化函数算子分为高斯退化算子和可变退化算子的思想是正确的,符合实际情况。

PRISM在松花江流域降水分布中的应用研究

基于松花江流域46个国家基准站的年降水资料和分辨率为1 km的数字高程模型(DEM)数据,考虑了距离和高程权重,利用PR ISM(Parameter-elevation Regression on Independent SlopesModel)内插方法计算了松花江流域2000—2004年各年降水量,通过Arcinfo输出了含有地理信息的降水量分布,细致地反映了松花江流域降水量的空间分布状况,并对所用气象站点数据作了交叉验证,误差在可接受范围内。

山地环境日气温PRISM空间插值研究

山地环境气象因子空间分布是生态环境过程模拟的基础,对于提高生态环境保护管理水平具有重要意义。本文基于坡面回归插值模型(PRISM)原理,综合考虑海拔、坡向等影响因子,设计开发了山地日气温插值模型。以北京西部山地自动气象站数据与DEM数据为基础,采用交叉验证法对该模型插值有效性进行检验,并与常用的反距离权重(IDW)插值、克里金(Kriging)插值、样条(Spline)函数插值的结果进行比较。研究表明,无论日平均气温,还是日最高气温、日最低气温,本文提出的插值模型的预测结果均优于其他方法。