Finite Difference Schemes for Time-Space Fractional Diffusion Equations in One-and Two-Dimensions

In this paper,finite difference schemes for solving time-space fractional diffusion equations in one dimension and two dimensions are proposed.The temporal derivative is in the Caputo-Hadamard sense for both cases.The spatial derivative for the one-dimensional equation is of Riesz definition and the two-dimensional spatial derivative is given by the fractional Laplacian.The schemes are proved to be unconditionally stable and convergent.The numerical results are in line with the theoretical analysis.

TIME-SPACE CONCEPT FOR PRECISION MEASUREMENT

The transformation between time and space is discussed. To improve real-time response speed of intelligent measuring system, the concept of exchanging program execution time with more circuitry is presented working in cycle mode. Displacement measuring by magnification is achieved with period measurement by magnification. To change the condition that traditional precision measurement depends on machining precision greatly, the concept of measuring space with time and theory of time-space coordinate transformation are proposed. Guided by the idea of measuring space with time, differential frequency measurement system and time grating displacement sensor are developed based on the proposed novel methods. And high-precision measurement is achieved without high-precision manufacture, which embeds the remarkable characteristics of low cost but high precision to the devices. Experiment and test results conform the validity of the proposed time-space concept.

Adaptive time-space resource and waveform control for collocated MIMO radar with simultaneous multi-beam

Collocated multiple input multiple output(MIMO)radar,which has agile multi-beam working mode,can offer enhanced multiple targets tracking(MTT)ability.In detail,it can illuminate different targets simultaneously with multi-beam or one wide beam among multi-beam,providing greater degree of freedom in system resource control.An adaptive time-space resource and waveform control optimization model for the collocated MIMO radar with simultaneous multi-beam is proposed in this paper.The aim of the proposed scheme is to improve the overall tracking accuracy and meanwhile minimize the resource consumption under the guarantee of effective targets detection.A resource and waveform control algorithm which integrates the genetic algorithm(GA)is proposed to solve the optimization problem.The optimal transmitting waveform parameters,system sampling period,sub-array number,binary radar tracking parameterχ_i(t_k),transmitting energy and multi-beam direction vector combination are chosen adaptively,where the first one realizes the waveform control and the latter five realize the timespace resource allocation.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

Adaptive resource management for multi-target tracking in co-located MIMO radar based on time-space joint allocation

Compared with the traditional phased array radar, the co-located multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) radar is able to transmit orthogonal waveforms to form different illuminating modes, providing a larger freedom degree in radar resource management. In order to implement the effective resource management for the co-located MIMO radar in multi-target tracking,this paper proposes a resource management optimization model,where the system resource consumption and the tracking accuracy requirements are considered comprehensively. An adaptive resource management algorithm for the co-located MIMO radar is obtained based on the proposed model, where the sub-array number, sampling period, transmitting energy, beam direction and working mode are adaptively controlled to realize the time-space resource joint allocation. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the co-located MIMO radar using the proposed algorithm can satisfy the predetermined tracking accuracy requirements with less comprehensive cost compared with the phased array radar.

Aging effect and test-retest reliability of the sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test and velocity step test using nanotorque rotatory chair

Introduction:Rotatory chair testing has been used to evaluate horizontal canal function.Frequently used tests include sinusoidal harmonic acceleration test(SHAT)and velocity step test(VST).Objectives:Assessment of age effect on the SHAT and VST and assessment of test-retest reliability of the parameters of those two tests.Methods:A prospective study was performed on 100 subjects with no ear or vestibular complaints and normal vestibular evaluation.They were divided into two groups;Group A:below 50 years of age and Group B:50 years of age or above.SHAT was presented at frequencies 0.02,0.04,0.08,0.16,0.32,0.64 Hz with a peak velocity of 60°/s.VST was performed using a maximum velocity of 100°/s with acceleration and deceleration of 200°/s2.Thirty subjects were tested twice to assess reliability.Results:Study participants ranged in age from 20 to 67 years.Regarding group A,the mean age was30.92±7.31 and 55.36±4.61 for group B.No significant differences were found in SHAT parameters between the two groups.As well,there was no significant difference in VST per-rotatory time constant,however,post-rotatory time constant was significantly longer for Group B(P value<0.05).Intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)values showed moderate to good reliability(ICC 0.5800.818)for SHAT parameters for the lower frequencies and indicated moderate reliability for VST time constant(ICC 0.5090.652).Conclusions:Age has no significant effect on the parameters of SHAT and VST.Test-retest reliability is generally good for both tests.

A Time-Space Optimal Parallel Sorting on a Hypercube

In this paper we discuss a parallel sorting algorithm on a hypercube. Its time complexity is O(n logn/p) +O(n). Here, P is the number of processors available and n, the amount of items to be sorted. Take the problem of time-space optimization into consideration, when P≤ O(log n), this algorithm is both timespace optimal and cost optimization. But this means only speedup is O(P) and it is not linear speedup. Therefore, we further discuss relevant parallel efficiency problems.

A "TIME-SPACE" RELATED DESIGN METHOD OF FREEZING WALL

Artificially ground freezing (AGF) is one of the main methods to establish temporary support for shaft sinking in unstable water bearing strata. Domde (1915) formula based on frozen soil strength has widely been used for designing freezing wall thickness. However, it can not ensure the stability of freezing wall, nor guarantee the safety of shaft construction as frozen depth increases in unstable water bearing strata. F A. Auld (1985, 1988)[1,2] presented a design method of freezing wall, which is on the basis of strength and stability, together with deformation of freezing wall. This paper, according to the practice in China, describes a "time -space" related design method for deep freezing wall. The method is based on "time-space" concept, which includes influence of excavation rate of advance, unsupported length of freezing wall and the sump state on inward deformation of freezing wall, and the allowable pipe deformation caused by inward deformation of freezing wall. Finally, successful application of this method to the large scale coal mine-Jining No. 2 Mine[3] in Shandong Province of China is presented. It saved much investment compared with F. A. Auld’s design for the same mine.

A traffic model of optical networks based on time-space complexity and traffic grooming

This paper researched the traffic of optical networks in time-space complexity,proposed a novel traf-fic model for complex optical networks based on traffic grooming,designed a traffic generator GTS(gener-ator based on time and space)with 'centralized+distributed' idea,and then made a simulation in Clanguage.Experiments results show that GTS can produce the virtual network topology which can changedynamically with the characteristic of scaling-free network.GTS can also groom the different traffic andtrigger them under real-time or scheduling mechanisms,generating different optical connections.Thistraffic model is convenient for the simulation of optical networks considering the traffic complexity.

Modeling of Surface Waves in a Fluid Saturated Poro-Elastic Medium under Initial Stress Using Time-Space Domain Higher Order Finite Difference Method

In this present context, mathematical modeling of the propagation of surface waves in a fluid saturated poro-elastic medium under the influence of initial stress has been considered using time dependent higher order finite difference method (FDM). We have proved that the accuracy of this finite-difference scheme is 2M when we use 2nd order time domain finite-difference and 2M-th order space domain finite-difference. It also has been shown that the dispersion curves of Love waves are less dispersed for higher order FDM than of lower order FDM. The effect of initial stress, porosity and anisotropy of the layer in the propagation of Love waves has been studied here. The numerical results have been shown graphically. As a particular case, the phase velocity in a non porous elastic solid layer derived in this paper is in perfect agreement with that of Liu et al. (2009).

Earthquake-Affected Time-Space Domain, Recurrence Interval and Effective Preparation Time of Earthquakes

The study shows that earthquake-affected time-space domain (ETSD), i.e. a time-space range in which strong earthquakes are unable to occur owing to the influence of a prior earthquake occurring, shows a hyperbolic margin curve in the t(time)-r(distance) coordinate plane, which has a maximum affected radius r 0 at t=0 and a maximum influence time t 0 (i.e. the in-situ recurrence interval of earthquakes) at r=0. Based on the time-distance distributions of posterior earthquakes relative to prior ones in the regions of North China, Northwest China, Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) plateau and Southwest China, the optimized and 90%-confidence margin curves are estimated using optimization and statistical analysis methods. This indicates that the concept and method of ETSD with 3-dimension (time-distance-magnitudes) instead of those of “recurrence interval" with 1-dimension (time) or 2-dimension (time-magnitude) provides a new approach to understanding the fluctuation of seismic activities, estimating the effective earthquake-preparation time of potential hypocenters, and therefore improving the medium- and long-term prediction of strong earthquakes.

SLC Method and Earthquakes' Clustering Features in Time-Space in the Top Area of the Kunlun-Altun-Arc

By using the SLC(Single-Link Cluster)method,this study worked in three respects:(a)set up three-dimensional(3-D)SLC software that can deal with a large catalogue of earthquakes and analyze the characteristics of earthquakes’ clustering and scattering in time-space:(b)defined several parameters to describe the distinguishing feature for the SLC frame and developed a technique to calculate the 3-D SLC frames and these parameters with gradual time-sliding,and inspected their variations with time,especially before large events; and(c)by using these means,treated the earthquake catalogue in the top area of the Kunlun-Altun-Arc as well as some valuable results that had been obtained.

大粒径级配碎石在旋转轴压下永久变形规律

为研究大粒径级配碎石在重复荷载作用下的永久变形规律,在道路材料旋转振动压实仪的基础上提出大粒径级配碎石混合料振动旋转压实室内研究制样方式,并采用旋转轴压重复荷载施加方式对成型试样施加重复荷载,最后引入AASHTO和Monismith模型对变形数据进行拟合。结果表明:当重复旋转轴压荷载等级低于200 kPa时,试样变形最终将趋于稳定,当荷载等级在240~320 kPa时,变形将缓慢累积且增速渐趋变缓,当荷载等级≥360 kPa时,变形将快速累积且增速保持在较高水平;AASHTO模型对低等级重复荷载作用下的累积变形拟合效果更好,Monismith模型对高等级重复荷载作用下的累积变形拟合效果更佳;旋转轴压荷载值、试样含水率和模型拟合参数的变化具有一定的关联。

定位与非定位颈椎旋转手法对不同程度粥样硬化颈内动脉拉伸力学性能的影响

背景:颈椎旋转手法被广泛应用于颈部疾病的治疗且疗效明确,但临床发现其存在一定风险。作者前期研究发现颈椎旋转手法会降低粥样硬化颈动脉的拉伸力学性能,但尚不明确不同颈椎旋转手法(定位/非定位)及不同程度(轻/中/重度)粥样硬化对颈动脉拉伸力学性能的影响。目的:探索不同颈椎旋转手法及不同程度粥样硬化对颈内动脉拉伸力学性能的影响。方法:120只雄性新西兰兔根据不同程度粥样硬化及不同颈椎旋转手法干预随机分为重度粥样硬化+定位/非定位颈椎旋转手法、中度粥样硬化+定位/非定位颈椎旋转手法、轻度粥样硬化+定位/非定位颈椎旋转手法、正常兔+定位/非定位颈椎旋转手法共8个实验组,以及轻/中/重度粥样硬化+无手法干预共3个模型对照组和1个空白对照组。采用两因素方差分析探索不同颈椎旋转手法及不同程度粥样硬化对颈内动脉拉伸力学性能的主效应及交互效应,并用单因素方差分析探索同一程度粥样硬化情况下,不同手法干预对颈内动脉拉伸力学性能的影响。结果与结论:①“不同颈椎旋转手法”与“不同程度粥样硬化”均是影响颈内动脉拉伸力学性能的主效应因素;②对于轻度及重度粥样硬化,定位颈椎旋转手法及非定位颈椎旋转手法均会降低颈内动脉的最大应力(P<0.05),也均会升高颈内动脉的生理性弹性模量(P<0.05);③对于中度粥样硬化,定位颈椎旋转手法及非定位颈椎旋转手法会升高颈内动脉的生理性弹性模量(P<0.05),非定位颈椎旋转手法还会降低颈内动脉的最大应变(P<0.05),其最大应变也小于行定位颈椎旋转手法的颈内动脉(P<0.05);④对于正常颈内动脉,除最大应变外,行定位颈椎旋转手法及非定位颈椎旋转手法均对颈内动脉的其他拉伸力学指标无显著性影响(P>0.05);⑤结果提示,定位颈椎旋转手法及非定位颈椎旋转手法均可能会增加动脉粥样硬化颈内动脉的刚度,使其弹性降低、脆性增加;因此定位颈椎旋转手法及非定位颈椎旋转手法均会增加轻/中/重度颈内动脉粥样硬化家兔出现心血管事件的风险,且粥样硬化程度越重,定位/非定位颈椎旋转手法风险均越大,但定位颈椎旋转手法的风险并未比非定位颈椎旋转手法低。

王友仁颈椎牵扳配合按动微调法治疗神经根型颈椎病经验探析

颈椎病属我国临床常见的病症类型之一,神经根受到刺激,就会出现上肢疼痛、麻木等一系列症状,发生神经根型颈椎病。神经根型颈椎病的致病机制并不复杂,是椎间盘突出压迫或者刺激神经根导致上肢放射性神经痛、麻木等一系列症状,故要解决神经的压迫症状,就必须解决突出物的力学刺激,并给予神经根良好的恢复环境。只要颈椎的曲度和偏歪得到有效改善,颈部的内外平衡就会重新建立,颈椎间盘受到的压力也会随之减少,对神经根的压迫和刺激得以改善,则神经根的疼痛和麻木症状就会得到治愈。北京按摩医院王友仁主任医师是第六批全国老中医药专家学术经验继承工作指导老师,第四届首都国医名师,从事推拿临床工作60余年,擅长以颈椎牵扳配合按动微调法治疗神经根型颈椎病。文章旨在阐述颈椎牵扳法的操作方法及优势,并对按动微调法的机制进行探讨,从而分析王友仁老专家正骨、按动为一体的诊疗思路,体现了王老“动静结合、医患配合”“以按治痛、以动治动”“筋骨并重,重视脊柱内外平衡”等治疗理念,是其“不正则痛、不通则痛、不顺则痛”学术思想的临床应用。运用颈椎牵扳配合按动微调法具有针对性强、安全性高、患者易接受、疗效确切的特点,值得临床推广。

腔外旋转泵浦的Nd∶YAG固体激光器研究

固体激光器的热管理仍然是高功率激光系统发展的一个持续挑战。在激光系统中增益介质和泵浦光之间引入相对运动是一种高效的热管理方案。针对静止泵浦,旋转增益介质泵浦以及泵浦光旋转泵浦3种泵浦方式,借助有限元数值模拟方法分析了Nd∶YAG晶体的温度分布。泵浦光以800 r/min旋转时,在35 W泵浦功率下,使用标准的热沉冷却技术,晶体的最高温度达到约36℃,仅增加约16℃,这远低于静止泵浦时的142℃。实验设计并演示了一种腔外旋转泵浦的Nd∶YAG激光器,得到了12.2 W的1 064 nm连续输出,斜率效率为37.2%,这大于静止时的35.1%,实验结果与理论结果相符合。研究表明,腔外旋转泵浦的固体激光器拥有高效的热管理。

Atlantoaxial rotatory displacement in children

AIM To correlate the Pang and Lee class with the clinical course in a consecutive series of patients presenting with painful torticollis.METHODS Forty-seven dynamic rotational computed tomography(CT) scans in 35 patients were classified into one of the five types defined by Pang and Li, including types Ⅰ(atlantoaxial rotatopry fixation), Ⅱ("pathologic stickiness" without crossover of C1 on C2), Ⅲ("pathologic stickiness" with crossover of C1 on C2), Ⅳ(normal or muscular torticollis), and Ⅴ(diagnostic grey zone). The Pang and Li class was then compared with the radiologist's report, which was graded abnormal, diagnosis of rotatory subluxation or fixation, or non-diagnostic. Medical records were reviewed and the clinical course was compared among the five subtypes.RESULTS We reviewed 47 CT scans in 35 patients, and the majority were performed without sedation. The average age was 7.7 years(4-14 years old) and associated conditions included minor trauma(20%), surgical procedures around the head and neck(29%), and Grisels syndrome(20%). Twenty-six percent of our studies fell within the pathologic spectrum(5% type 1 or rotatory fixation, 21% types 2 and 3 or rotatory subluxation), while 45% were classified as muscular torticollis(45%) and 28% fell within the diagnostic grey zone. Seven radiologists interpreted these studies, and their interpretation was discordant in 45% of cases. Clinical resolution occurred in 27 of 29 cases for which follow-up was available. One of two patients with fixed rotatory subluxation required a C1-C2 arthrodesis.CONCLUSION The Pang and Li classification characterizes a spectrum of abnormalities in rotation to facilitate communication, although the indications for dynamic CT scan should be further defined.

Anterolateral rotatory instability in vivo correlates tunnel position after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone graft

AIM To quantitatively assess rotatory and anterior-posterior instability in vivo after anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone(BTB) autografts, and to clarify the influence of tunnel positions on the knee stability.METHODS Single-bundle ACL reconstruction with BTB autograft was performed on 50 patients with a mean age of 28 years using the trans-tibial(TT)(n = 20) and trans-portal(TP)(n = 30) techniques. Femoral and tibial tunnel positions were identified from the high-resolution 3 D-CT bone models two weeks after surgery. Anterolateral rotatory translation was examined using a Slocum anterolateral rotatory instability test in open magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) 1.0-1.5 years after surgery, by measuring anterior tibial translation at the medial and lateral compartments on its sagittal images. Anterior-posterior stability was evaluated with a Kneelax3 arthrometer.RESULTS A total of 40 patients(80%) were finally followed up. Femoral tunnel positions were shallower(P < 0.01) and higher(P < 0.001), and tibial tunnel positions were more posterior(P < 0.05) in the TT group compared with the TP group. Anterolateral rotatory translations in reconstructed knees were significantly correlated with the shallow femoral tunnel positions(R = 0.42, P < 0.01), and the rotatory translations were greater in the TT group(3.2 ± 1.6 mm) than in the TP group(2.0 ± 1.8 mm)(P < 0.05). Side-to-side differences of Kneelax3 arthrometer were 1.5 ± 1.3 mm in the TT, and 1.7 ± 1.6 mm in the TP group(N.S.). Lysholm scores, KOOS subscales and reinjury rate showed no difference between the two groups.CONCLUSION Anterolateral rotatory instability significantly correlated shallow femoral tunnel positions after ACL reconstruction using BTB autografts. Clinical outcomes, rotatory and anterior-posterior stability were overall satisfactory in both techniques, but the TT technique located femoral tunnels in shallower and higher positions, and tibial tunnels in more posterior positions than the TP technique, thus increased the anterolateral rotation. Anatomic ACL reconstruction with BTB autografts may restore knee function and stability.

Optical Rotatory Dispersion Measurement of D-Glucose with Fixed Polarizer Analyzer Accessory in Conventional Spectrophotometer

In the sample compartment of a conventional spectrophotometer, mounting of a polarizer before sample and an analyzer behind sample allows the determination of the optical rotatory dispersion of optical active media by measurement of the transmission ratio of crossed and parallel arranged polarizer and analyzer. A formula for the determination of the angle of rotation is derived from the transmission ratio. The arrangement is applied to determine the molar optical rotation of D-glucose in water in the wavelength range from 220 nm to 820 nm.

DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF LAMINATED ORTHOTROPIC SPHERICAL SHELLSINCLUDING TRANSVERSE SHEAR DEFORMATION AND ROTATORY INERTIA

In this paper.the equations of motion of axisymmetrically laminated cylindrical orthotropic spherical shells are derived.Theeffects of transverse shear deformation and rotatory inertia are considered.On this basis,the dynamic response of spherical shells under axisymmetric dynamic load is calculated using the finite difference method The effects of material parameters.structural parameters and transverse shear dgformation are discussed.

Measurement of Rotatory Optics Element in Tensor Dielectric Matrix for Rotatory Optical Fiber

The rotatory optics element in the tensor dielectric coefficient matrix is an important para-(meter) for analyzing and calculating a rotatory optical fiber by electromagnetic theory. But the mea-(surement) of rotatory optics element is difficult for the rotatory optical fiber. A simple principle and method for measuring rotatory optics element are put forward in this paper. Firstly by using electromagnetic theory it was demonstrated that the rotatory optics element has a simple linear relation with the rotatory angle, and then the rotatory optics element has a simple linear relation with the magnetic field strength (or bias current in the helix coil) . Secondly a measurement system for the rotatory optics element in the rotatory optical fiber was designed. Using the measurement system the rotatory element can be obtained by measuring the bias current simply.