A time-space network-based model for transportation service optimization of China Railway Express

This paper describes the development and optimization plans for the China Railway Express(CR Express).As a new type of international land transport organization,CR Express has emerged with the continuous expansion of China toward European investment and trade,and in particular,has expanded with the continuous progress of the One Belt and One Road(OBOR)initiative.In addition to improving the service quality of CR Express,the operating costs must be reduced for developing“smart railways”that serve“smart cities”.We propose a dualobjective-based function mathematical optimization model;the satisfaction of the cargo owner is considered,and the timeliness,transportation capacity,and goods category constraints of CR Express transportation are designed.Moreover,we present the normalized equivalent method of the two-objective function of the model.Finally,a case study is conducted against the background of certain trains in the western corridor of CR Express to validate the effectiveness of the model and research methods proposed in this study.

TIME-SPACE CONCEPT FOR PRECISION MEASUREMENT

The transformation between time and space is discussed. To improve real-time response speed of intelligent measuring system, the concept of exchanging program execution time with more circuitry is presented working in cycle mode. Displacement measuring by magnification is achieved with period measurement by magnification. To change the condition that traditional precision measurement depends on machining precision greatly, the concept of measuring space with time and theory of time-space coordinate transformation are proposed. Guided by the idea of measuring space with time, differential frequency measurement system and time grating displacement sensor are developed based on the proposed novel methods. And high-precision measurement is achieved without high-precision manufacture, which embeds the remarkable characteristics of low cost but high precision to the devices. Experiment and test results conform the validity of the proposed time-space concept.

A new(2+1)-dimensional supersymmetric Boussinesq equation and its Lie symmetry study

According to the conjecture based on some known facts of integrable models, a new （2＋1）-dimensional supersymmetric integrable bilinear system is proposed. The model is not only the extension of the known （2＋1）-dimensional negative Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation but also the extension of the known （1＋1）-dimensional supersymmetric Boussinesq equation. The infinite dimensional Kac-Moody-Virasoro symmetries and the related symmetry reductions of the model are obtained. Furthermore, the traveling wave solutions including soliton solutions are explicitly presented.

Symmetry Reductions, Exact Solutions and Conservation Laws of Asymmetric Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov Equation

By applying a direct symmetry method, we get the symmetry of the asymmetric Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov equation （ANNV）. Taking the special case, we have a finite-dimensional symmetry. By using the equivalent vector of the symmetry, we construct an eight-dimensional symmetry algebra and get the optimal system of group-invariant solutions. To every case of the optimal system, we reduce the ANNV equation and obtain some solutions to the reduced equations. Furthermore, we find some new explicit solutions of the ANNV equation. At last, we give the conservation laws of the ANNV equation.

Adaptive time-space resource and waveform control for collocated MIMO radar with simultaneous multi-beam

Collocated multiple input multiple output(MIMO)radar,which has agile multi-beam working mode,can offer enhanced multiple targets tracking(MTT)ability.In detail,it can illuminate different targets simultaneously with multi-beam or one wide beam among multi-beam,providing greater degree of freedom in system resource control.An adaptive time-space resource and waveform control optimization model for the collocated MIMO radar with simultaneous multi-beam is proposed in this paper.The aim of the proposed scheme is to improve the overall tracking accuracy and meanwhile minimize the resource consumption under the guarantee of effective targets detection.A resource and waveform control algorithm which integrates the genetic algorithm(GA)is proposed to solve the optimization problem.The optimal transmitting waveform parameters,system sampling period,sub-array number,binary radar tracking parameterχ_i(t_k),transmitting energy and multi-beam direction vector combination are chosen adaptively,where the first one realizes the waveform control and the latter five realize the timespace resource allocation.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

Approximate Symmetries and Infinite Series Symmetry Reduction Solutions to Perturbed Kuramoto-Sivashinsky Equation

Starting from Lie symmetry theory and combining with the approximate symmetry method, and using the package LieSYMGRP proposed by us, we restudy the perturbed Kuramoto-Sivashinsky （KS） equation. The approximate symmetry reduction and the infinite series symmetry reduction solutions of the perturbed KS equation are constructed. Specially, if selecting the tanh-type travelling wave solution as initial approximate, we not only obtain the general formula of the physical approximate similarity solutions, but also obtain several new explicit solutions of the given equation, which are first reported here.

Adaptive resource management for multi-target tracking in co-located MIMO radar based on time-space joint allocation

Compared with the traditional phased array radar, the co-located multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) radar is able to transmit orthogonal waveforms to form different illuminating modes, providing a larger freedom degree in radar resource management. In order to implement the effective resource management for the co-located MIMO radar in multi-target tracking,this paper proposes a resource management optimization model,where the system resource consumption and the tracking accuracy requirements are considered comprehensively. An adaptive resource management algorithm for the co-located MIMO radar is obtained based on the proposed model, where the sub-array number, sampling period, transmitting energy, beam direction and working mode are adaptively controlled to realize the time-space resource joint allocation. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the co-located MIMO radar using the proposed algorithm can satisfy the predetermined tracking accuracy requirements with less comprehensive cost compared with the phased array radar.

Existence of spontaneous symmetry breaking in two-lane totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes with an intersection

We study two-lane totally asymmetric simple exclusion processes(TASEPs)with an intersection.Monte Carlo simulations show that only symmetric phases exist in the system.To verify the existence of asymmetric phases,we carry out a cluster mean-field analysis.Analytical results show that the densities of the two upstream segments of the intersection site are always equal,which indicates that the system is not in asymmetric phases.It demonstrates that the spontaneous symmetry breaking does not exist in the system.The density profiles and the boundaries of the symmetric phases are also investigated.We find that the cluster mean-field analysis shows better agreement with simulations than the simple mean-field analysis where the correlation of sites is ignored.

The nonequilibrium phase transition and the symmetry revival induced by time delay in an asymmetric bistable system with correlated noises

The nonequilibrium phase transition and the symmetry revival induced by time delay in a bistable system are investigated. The stationary probability distribution function （SPDF） of the bistable system with time delay and correlated noises are calculated by an analytical method and stochastic simulation respectively. The analytical and simulative results indicate that： （1） There is a certain value of λ（λ denotes the strength of correlations between the multiplicative and additive noises） to make the SPDF symmetric under some time delay; however, above or below the given value, the symmetry will be broken; （2） With the monotonic change of λ, the unimodal peak structure of SPDF becomes bimodal at the beginning, then it becomes unimodal again; this means that there is a reentrance phenomenon in the process; （3） There is a critical value of delay time, which makes the lower peak of SPDF equal to the higher one under the critical condition. This means that the symmetry revival phenomenon emerges.

New infinite-dimensional symmetry groups for the stationary axisymmetric Einstein-Maxwell equations with multiple Abelian gauge fields

The so-called extended hyperbolic complex （EHC） function method is used to study further the stationary axisymmetric Einstein Maxwell theory with p Abelian gauge fields （EM-p theory, for short）, Two EHC structural Riemann- Hilbert （RH） transformations are constructed and are then shown to give an infinite-dimensional symmetry group of the EM-p theory. This symmetry group is verified to have the structure of semidirect product of Kac-Moody group SU（p ＋ 1, 1） and Virasoro group. Moreover, the infinitesimal forms of these two RH transformations are calculated and found to give exactly the same infinitesimal transformations as in previous author＇s paper by a different scheme, This demonstrates that the results obtained in the present paper provide some exponentiations of all the infinitesimal symmetry transformations obtained before.

Hermitian Symmetry on a Hilbert Space—Its Applications to Some Asymmetric Phenomena

The purpose of this paper is threefold. One is to revisit the Hermitian form model (HFM) with Hermitian symmetry proposed by Chino and Shiraiwa (1993), which uncovers the latent Hilbert space structure or the indefinite metric space structure, given the asymmetric similarity matrix (ASM) among objects, and another is to explain how to interpret the configuration of objects embedded in these spaces. The final goal of this paper is to show what kinds of information are obtained by applying HFM to empirical and hypothetical ASMs. Results of applications of HFM to two empirical ASMs suggest that some possible asymmetric structures among objects exist, which might not have been found empirically. The result of application of the HFM to a hypothetical ASM uncovers interesting latent space structures among objects.

A Time-Space Optimal Parallel Sorting on a Hypercube

In this paper we discuss a parallel sorting algorithm on a hypercube. Its time complexity is O(n logn/p) +O(n). Here, P is the number of processors available and n, the amount of items to be sorted. Take the problem of time-space optimization into consideration, when P≤ O(log n), this algorithm is both timespace optimal and cost optimization. But this means only speedup is O(P) and it is not linear speedup. Therefore, we further discuss relevant parallel efficiency problems.

Symmetry of echinoderms: From initial bilaterally-asymmetric metamerism to pentaradiality

Echinoderm radial symmetry has first appeared in the ambulacral system, when the ambulacral channel assumed the shape of a closed ring or a horseshoe with approximated ends, and then spread onto other organ systems. Its origin was a natural consequence of a steady increase of the original asymmetry of bilaterally-asymmetric three-segmented ancestors of echinoderms, culminated by closing of the ancestral linear metamerism into radiality. The evolutionary transformation from a simple pouchlike hydrocoel with one side channel to an elongated hydrocoel (located under the oesophagus) with two side channels, and finally to a nearly closed horseshoeshaped hydrocoel with three radial channels can be reconstructed based on the theca structure and the number of ambulacra in the row SolutaCincta-Helicoplacoidea. After the hydrocoel with three outbound ambulacral channels circled around the oesophagus as a horseshoe, it either closed into a ring, or its ends became closely approximated. This has determined the primary triradiate symmetry, which quickly transformed into pentaradial symmetry of the 2-1-2 type as a result of branching of two of the three primary radial channels. This occurred no earlier than the Late Vendian, when the first bilaterians appeared to have begun to acquire body appendages, and no later than the Early Cambrian, when the first skeletal remains of echinoderms entered the fossil record (in the Atdabanian). The 2-1-2 pentaradial symmetry evolved into the true pentaradiality as a result of shifting the timing of tentacle branching to earlier stages of ontogenesis and even spreading of the five tentacle primordia over the ambulacral ring. This occurred during the Ordovician.

A "TIME-SPACE" RELATED DESIGN METHOD OF FREEZING WALL

Artificially ground freezing (AGF) is one of the main methods to establish temporary support for shaft sinking in unstable water bearing strata. Domde (1915) formula based on frozen soil strength has widely been used for designing freezing wall thickness. However, it can not ensure the stability of freezing wall, nor guarantee the safety of shaft construction as frozen depth increases in unstable water bearing strata. F A. Auld (1985, 1988)[1,2] presented a design method of freezing wall, which is on the basis of strength and stability, together with deformation of freezing wall. This paper, according to the practice in China, describes a "time -space" related design method for deep freezing wall. The method is based on "time-space" concept, which includes influence of excavation rate of advance, unsupported length of freezing wall and the sump state on inward deformation of freezing wall, and the allowable pipe deformation caused by inward deformation of freezing wall. Finally, successful application of this method to the large scale coal mine-Jining No. 2 Mine[3] in Shandong Province of China is presented. It saved much investment compared with F. A. Auld’s design for the same mine.

ONE FERMION-LOOP CORRECTION AND SUPERSYMMETRY IN THE SUPERSYMMETRIC σ-MODEL WITH WESS-ZUMINO TERMS

It is shown that the local counterterms which simultaneously restore local Lorentz and gauge invariance of the σ-model do not satisfy the criteria of(2,0)supersymmetry.But local counterterms and the non-local part of one-loop effective action together are invariant under the(2,0)supersymmetry transformation.

Symmetry-Assisted Protection and Compensation of Hidden Spin Polarization in Centrosymmetric Systems

It was recently noted that in certain nonmagnetic centrosymmetric compounds,spin–orbit interactions couple each local sector that lacks inversion symmetry,leading to visible spin polarization effects in the real space,dubbed“hidden spin polarization(HSP)”.However,observable spin polarization of a given local sector suffers interference from its inversion partner,impeding material realization and potential applications of HSP.Starting from a single-orbital tight-binding model,we propose a nontrivial way to obtain strong sector-projected spin texture through the vanishing hybridization between inversion partners protected by nonsymmorphic symmetry.The HSP effect is generally compensated by inversion partners near the Г point but immune from the hopping effect around the boundary of the Brillouin zone.We further summarize 17 layer groups that support such symmetry-assisted HSP and identify hundreds of quasi-2D materials from the existing databases by first-principle calculations,among which a group of rare-earth compounds LnIO(Ln=Pr,Nd,Ho,Tm,and Lu)serves as great candidates showing strong Rashba-and Dresselhaus-type HSP.Our findings expand the material pool for potential spintronic applications and shed light on controlling HSP properties for emergent quantum phenomena.

Evaluation of the Witten Index in 1+1 Dimensional Supersymmetric Models with O(N) Symmetry

We present a way to calculate the Witten indexΔfor a class of l+l dimensional supersymmetric(SUSY)models with O(N)symmetry.SinceΔis invariant under an adiabatic change of parameters,an O(N)non-invariant but SUSY term 2hФN is added to the Lagrangian,therefore the degeneracy of zero-energy states due to O(N)symmetry is removed.It is shown that SUSY breaking can occur for the SUSY O(N)Wess-Zumino model.

Symmetry Reduction and Rotational Re-quantization of Symmetric Top Molecules at Local Mode Limit

The(400)stretching overtone band of AsH3 has been observed near 8029.0 cm^(-1) and analyzed in both symmetric and asymmetric top models.The results indicate that the dynamical symmetry of the(400)local mode state has reduced to that of an asymmetric top and the rotational energy levels can be assigned by a set of quantum numbers J,K_(a),and K_(c).

A traffic model of optical networks based on time-space complexity and traffic grooming

This paper researched the traffic of optical networks in time-space complexity,proposed a novel traf-fic model for complex optical networks based on traffic grooming,designed a traffic generator GTS(gener-ator based on time and space)with 'centralized+distributed' idea,and then made a simulation in Clanguage.Experiments results show that GTS can produce the virtual network topology which can changedynamically with the characteristic of scaling-free network.GTS can also groom the different traffic andtrigger them under real-time or scheduling mechanisms,generating different optical connections.Thistraffic model is convenient for the simulation of optical networks considering the traffic complexity.

Finite Difference Schemes for Time-Space Fractional Diffusion Equations in One-and Two-Dimensions

In this paper,finite difference schemes for solving time-space fractional diffusion equations in one dimension and two dimensions are proposed.The temporal derivative is in the Caputo-Hadamard sense for both cases.The spatial derivative for the one-dimensional equation is of Riesz definition and the two-dimensional spatial derivative is given by the fractional Laplacian.The schemes are proved to be unconditionally stable and convergent.The numerical results are in line with the theoretical analysis.