The effects of additives on the stannous reduction of an acid sulfate bath were investigated using cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and microstructure analysis. In t...The effects of additives on the stannous reduction of an acid sulfate bath were investigated using cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and microstructure analysis. In the absence of additives, tin coatings are rough, and the tin electrodepositing is a single-step reduction process accompanied by hydrogen gas evolution. The addition of tartaric acid produces a slight reduction in the peak current of stannous reduction and has an appreciably positive effect on the stability of the acidic tin bath. Both benzylidene acetone and polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether hinder the stannous reduction and greatly suppress the hydrogen gas evolution. Formaldehyde slightly decreases the peak current density of stannous reduction and serves as an auxiliary brightener in the acid sulfate bath. The presence of mixed additives greatly suppresses the stannous reduction and hydrogen gas evolution and consequently produces a significantly smoother and denser tin coating. The (112) crystal face is found to be the dominant and preferred orientation of tin deposits.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50904023)the Natural Science Research Project of the Education Department of Henan Province(No.2010B450001)+1 种基金the Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province(No.104100510005)the Basic and Frontier Technologies Research Projects of Henan Province,China(No.092300410064)
文摘The effects of additives on the stannous reduction of an acid sulfate bath were investigated using cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and microstructure analysis. In the absence of additives, tin coatings are rough, and the tin electrodepositing is a single-step reduction process accompanied by hydrogen gas evolution. The addition of tartaric acid produces a slight reduction in the peak current of stannous reduction and has an appreciably positive effect on the stability of the acidic tin bath. Both benzylidene acetone and polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether hinder the stannous reduction and greatly suppress the hydrogen gas evolution. Formaldehyde slightly decreases the peak current density of stannous reduction and serves as an auxiliary brightener in the acid sulfate bath. The presence of mixed additives greatly suppresses the stannous reduction and hydrogen gas evolution and consequently produces a significantly smoother and denser tin coating. The (112) crystal face is found to be the dominant and preferred orientation of tin deposits.
基金Projects(51171172,51131005)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(R16E010001)supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(2015QNA3011)supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProject(14DZ2261000)supported by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,China
基金Projects(50771092,21073162) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2005DKA10400-Z15) supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China