During the process of constructional backfill mining,the cemented paste backfill(CPB)typically exhibits a high degree of brittleness and limited resistance to failure.In this study,the mechanical and damage evolution ...During the process of constructional backfill mining,the cemented paste backfill(CPB)typically exhibits a high degree of brittleness and limited resistance to failure.In this study,the mechanical and damage evolution characteristics of waste tire steel fiber(WTSF)-modified CPB were studied through uniaxial compression tests,acoustic emission(AE)tests,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results showed that the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)decreased when the WTSF content was 0.5%,1%,and 1.5%.When the WTSF content reached 1%,the UCS of the modified CPB exhibited a minimal decrease(0.37 MPa)compared to that without WTSF.When the WTSF content was 0.5%,1%,and 1.5%,peak strain of the WTSF-modified CPB increased by 18%,31.33%,and 81.33%,while the elastic modulus decreased by 21.31%,26.21%,and 45.42%,respectively.The addition of WTSF enhances the activity of AE events in the modified CPB,resulting in a slower progression of the entire failure process.After the failure,the modified CPB retained a certain level of load-bearing capacity.Generally,the failure of the CPB was dominated by tensile cracks.After the addition of WTSF,a gradual increase in the proportion of tensile cracks was observed upon loading the modified CPB sample to the pore compaction stage.The three-dimensional localization of AE events showed that the WTSF-modified CPB underwent progressive damage during the loading,and the samples still showed good integrity after failure.Additionally,the response relationship between energy evolution and damage development of WTSF-modified CPB during uniaxial compression was analyzed,and the damage constitutive model of CPB samples with different WTSF contents was constructed.This study provides a theoretical basis for the enhancement of CPB modified by adding WTSF,serving as a valuable reference for the design of CPB constructional backfill.展开更多
The solidification microstructure has an important effect on the mechanical properties of castings. Therefore, an FE （Finite Element） - CA （Cellular Automaton） coupling model was developed for the simulation of so...The solidification microstructure has an important effect on the mechanical properties of castings. Therefore, an FE （Finite Element） - CA （Cellular Automaton） coupling model was developed for the simulation of solidification structure during the continuous casting process of 72A tire cord steel. In the model, the effect of phase transformation （λ→γ→α） during solidification was considered based on a thermodynamic database. The effect of electromagnetic stirring （EMS） was determined by increasing both the thermal conductivity and crystal formation rate in the liquid phase. The results show that the cooling curves and solidification structure calculated by this model agree well with the experimental results. The optimum pouring temperature range for tire cord steel casting was also discussed based on the present model. By comprehensive consideration of billet quality and smooth production, the pouring temperature should be controlled at about 1,495 ℃ under the casting conditions of the local plant in this study.展开更多
The precipitation of TiN inclusion during solidification of different carbon content of 0.72%, 0.82% and 0.95% in tire cord steel is thermodynamically studied respectively. The results show that the carbon content has...The precipitation of TiN inclusion during solidification of different carbon content of 0.72%, 0.82% and 0.95% in tire cord steel is thermodynamically studied respectively. The results show that the carbon content has obvious effect on TiN inclusion precipitated in tire cord steel of different strength levels. With the carbon content of tire cord steel increasing, the temperature before solidifying reduced gradually and the required activity product of titanium and nitrogen for TiN inclusion precipitation also declined gradually. With the same condition of initial Ti and N content in liquid steel, the size of TiN inclusion precipitated in tire cord steel of higher carbon content is bigger than that of lower carbon content. In order to control the harmful effects on processability of TiN inclusion precipitated in hypereutectoid tire cord steel of the ultra high strength level, the measures of smelting process must be taken to further reduce the titanium and nitrogen content in liquid steel.展开更多
The main chemical composition of pyrolysis carbon black of waste tires is C,O,Cu,Zn and so on.The content of ash and fine powder in pyrolysis carbon black is high,and the 300%elongation stress is high.The difference b...The main chemical composition of pyrolysis carbon black of waste tires is C,O,Cu,Zn and so on.The content of ash and fine powder in pyrolysis carbon black is high,and the 300%elongation stress is high.The difference between pyrolysis carbon black and furnace black N326,which is commonly used in rubber,is obvious compared with chemical property.The pyrolysis carbon black was used to replace furnace black N326 in the transition layer of all steel load Radial tire rubber through experimental study.It was found that the compression heat generation and dynamic loss(Tanδ)of the blend rubber before and after aging were obviously reduced,the elongation at break and resilience increased,while the tensile stress and tear strength decreased by 100%and 300%,but the hardness and tensile strength changed little before and after aging.According to the latest raw material price calculation,15 used tire pyrolysis carbon black instead of furnace carbon black N326 used in all steel Radial tire transition layer rubber application,excluding labor costs,electricity and equipment depreciation,a ton of blended rubber saves about$22.86 in production costs.展开更多
B_2O^3 was added into tire cord steel during refining in carbon tube furnace.The influence of boron which was added in tire cord steel on the deformability of oxide inclusions was studied by metallographic and scannin...B_2O^3 was added into tire cord steel during refining in carbon tube furnace.The influence of boron which was added in tire cord steel on the deformability of oxide inclusions was studied by metallographic and scanning electron microscope(SEM) observation.The melting points of boron-bearing compound oxide inclusions were calculated by the software of Factsage.The results showed that the most part of inclusions were boron-bearing compound oxide and their deformation properties were obviously improved by adding B_2O_3 in steel.As the boron content was increased from 0.0046%to 0.039%,the proportion of long strip type inclusions changed a little and the number of inclusions decreased.The low-melting point areas of MnO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3 and CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3 ternary system were increased due to adding B_2O_3 in steel.Moreover,the areas increased with the increasing of B_2O_3 content in conclusions.Evident effect on low-melting point inclusion occurred when B_2O_3 content went up to 5% in CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3 inclusions system and to 10%in MnO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3 inclusions system.展开更多
In order to improve the quality of the cord steel wire rod and achieve the effective control of titanium inclusion, the solid solution behavior of titanium inclusion in tire cord steel during the heating process was d...In order to improve the quality of the cord steel wire rod and achieve the effective control of titanium inclusion, the solid solution behavior of titanium inclusion in tire cord steel during the heating process was discussed in this paper, through the thermodynamic theory analysis, combined with the CLSM experiment. The conclusions are as follows: 1) According to the law of Ostwald repening, the coarsening rate of titanium carbonitride inclusion is very small, the coarsening behavior of titanium carbonitride inclusion cannot be considered in the heating and holding stage. 2) The solid solution behavior of titanium inclusion in the heating process is obviously existed. 3) Through the proper control of rolling temperature, holding time and the subsequent cooling rate, the size and quantity of large particle titanium inclusion in the high strength tire cord steel can be effectively controlled.展开更多
The mechanical and physical properties of concrete specimens obtained from replacing natural coarse aggregate with waste vehi- cle rubber tires at levels of 2vol%, 5vol%, 7vol%, and 10vol% were studied, and the corros...The mechanical and physical properties of concrete specimens obtained from replacing natural coarse aggregate with waste vehi- cle rubber tires at levels of 2vol%, 5vol%, 7vol%, and 10vol% were studied, and the corrosion behavior of reinforcing steels was investigated in these specimens. Corrosion rates were determined by measuring the galvanic current between steel-reinforced concrete specimens both with and without chloride addition. The change in electrode potential of reinforcing steels in these concrete specimens was measured daily for a period of 60 d in accordance with the testing method in ASTM C876. The results show that the use of waste vehicle tires in concrete instead of coarse aggregate decreases the mechanical strength of the specimens, and increases the corrosion rates of the reinforcing steels embedded in the concretes.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52274143 and 51874284).
文摘During the process of constructional backfill mining,the cemented paste backfill(CPB)typically exhibits a high degree of brittleness and limited resistance to failure.In this study,the mechanical and damage evolution characteristics of waste tire steel fiber(WTSF)-modified CPB were studied through uniaxial compression tests,acoustic emission(AE)tests,and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results showed that the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)decreased when the WTSF content was 0.5%,1%,and 1.5%.When the WTSF content reached 1%,the UCS of the modified CPB exhibited a minimal decrease(0.37 MPa)compared to that without WTSF.When the WTSF content was 0.5%,1%,and 1.5%,peak strain of the WTSF-modified CPB increased by 18%,31.33%,and 81.33%,while the elastic modulus decreased by 21.31%,26.21%,and 45.42%,respectively.The addition of WTSF enhances the activity of AE events in the modified CPB,resulting in a slower progression of the entire failure process.After the failure,the modified CPB retained a certain level of load-bearing capacity.Generally,the failure of the CPB was dominated by tensile cracks.After the addition of WTSF,a gradual increase in the proportion of tensile cracks was observed upon loading the modified CPB sample to the pore compaction stage.The three-dimensional localization of AE events showed that the WTSF-modified CPB underwent progressive damage during the loading,and the samples still showed good integrity after failure.Additionally,the response relationship between energy evolution and damage development of WTSF-modified CPB during uniaxial compression was analyzed,and the damage constitutive model of CPB samples with different WTSF contents was constructed.This study provides a theoretical basis for the enhancement of CPB modified by adding WTSF,serving as a valuable reference for the design of CPB constructional backfill.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (grant No.2010CB630806)
文摘The solidification microstructure has an important effect on the mechanical properties of castings. Therefore, an FE （Finite Element） - CA （Cellular Automaton） coupling model was developed for the simulation of solidification structure during the continuous casting process of 72A tire cord steel. In the model, the effect of phase transformation （λ→γ→α） during solidification was considered based on a thermodynamic database. The effect of electromagnetic stirring （EMS） was determined by increasing both the thermal conductivity and crystal formation rate in the liquid phase. The results show that the cooling curves and solidification structure calculated by this model agree well with the experimental results. The optimum pouring temperature range for tire cord steel casting was also discussed based on the present model. By comprehensive consideration of billet quality and smooth production, the pouring temperature should be controlled at about 1,495 ℃ under the casting conditions of the local plant in this study.
文摘The precipitation of TiN inclusion during solidification of different carbon content of 0.72%, 0.82% and 0.95% in tire cord steel is thermodynamically studied respectively. The results show that the carbon content has obvious effect on TiN inclusion precipitated in tire cord steel of different strength levels. With the carbon content of tire cord steel increasing, the temperature before solidifying reduced gradually and the required activity product of titanium and nitrogen for TiN inclusion precipitation also declined gradually. With the same condition of initial Ti and N content in liquid steel, the size of TiN inclusion precipitated in tire cord steel of higher carbon content is bigger than that of lower carbon content. In order to control the harmful effects on processability of TiN inclusion precipitated in hypereutectoid tire cord steel of the ultra high strength level, the measures of smelting process must be taken to further reduce the titanium and nitrogen content in liquid steel.
文摘The main chemical composition of pyrolysis carbon black of waste tires is C,O,Cu,Zn and so on.The content of ash and fine powder in pyrolysis carbon black is high,and the 300%elongation stress is high.The difference between pyrolysis carbon black and furnace black N326,which is commonly used in rubber,is obvious compared with chemical property.The pyrolysis carbon black was used to replace furnace black N326 in the transition layer of all steel load Radial tire rubber through experimental study.It was found that the compression heat generation and dynamic loss(Tanδ)of the blend rubber before and after aging were obviously reduced,the elongation at break and resilience increased,while the tensile stress and tear strength decreased by 100%and 300%,but the hardness and tensile strength changed little before and after aging.According to the latest raw material price calculation,15 used tire pyrolysis carbon black instead of furnace carbon black N326 used in all steel Radial tire transition layer rubber application,excluding labor costs,electricity and equipment depreciation,a ton of blended rubber saves about$22.86 in production costs.
文摘B_2O^3 was added into tire cord steel during refining in carbon tube furnace.The influence of boron which was added in tire cord steel on the deformability of oxide inclusions was studied by metallographic and scanning electron microscope(SEM) observation.The melting points of boron-bearing compound oxide inclusions were calculated by the software of Factsage.The results showed that the most part of inclusions were boron-bearing compound oxide and their deformation properties were obviously improved by adding B_2O_3 in steel.As the boron content was increased from 0.0046%to 0.039%,the proportion of long strip type inclusions changed a little and the number of inclusions decreased.The low-melting point areas of MnO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3 and CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3 ternary system were increased due to adding B_2O_3 in steel.Moreover,the areas increased with the increasing of B_2O_3 content in conclusions.Evident effect on low-melting point inclusion occurred when B_2O_3 content went up to 5% in CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3 inclusions system and to 10%in MnO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3 inclusions system.
文摘In order to improve the quality of the cord steel wire rod and achieve the effective control of titanium inclusion, the solid solution behavior of titanium inclusion in tire cord steel during the heating process was discussed in this paper, through the thermodynamic theory analysis, combined with the CLSM experiment. The conclusions are as follows: 1) According to the law of Ostwald repening, the coarsening rate of titanium carbonitride inclusion is very small, the coarsening behavior of titanium carbonitride inclusion cannot be considered in the heating and holding stage. 2) The solid solution behavior of titanium inclusion in the heating process is obviously existed. 3) Through the proper control of rolling temperature, holding time and the subsequent cooling rate, the size and quantity of large particle titanium inclusion in the high strength tire cord steel can be effectively controlled.
文摘The mechanical and physical properties of concrete specimens obtained from replacing natural coarse aggregate with waste vehi- cle rubber tires at levels of 2vol%, 5vol%, 7vol%, and 10vol% were studied, and the corrosion behavior of reinforcing steels was investigated in these specimens. Corrosion rates were determined by measuring the galvanic current between steel-reinforced concrete specimens both with and without chloride addition. The change in electrode potential of reinforcing steels in these concrete specimens was measured daily for a period of 60 d in accordance with the testing method in ASTM C876. The results show that the use of waste vehicle tires in concrete instead of coarse aggregate decreases the mechanical strength of the specimens, and increases the corrosion rates of the reinforcing steels embedded in the concretes.
