Study on Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Tilia amurensis

To explore the establishment of a tissue culture and rapid propagation system of Tilia amurensis,the effects of basic medium and concentrations and ratios of plant growth regulators on tissue culture and rapid propagation of T.amurensis were studied.The results showed that 1/2 MS medium was the most suitable proliferation medium,and the proliferation coefficient could reach 13.5 after adding 0.05 mg/L 6-BA and 0.03 mg/L IBA;MS medium was the most suitable medium for strong plantlets and rooting,and the best medium for strong plantlets was MS+0.1 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L IBA+0.03 mg/L GA_(3),with which the average plantlet height reached 5.15 cm;and the best rooting medium was MS+1.0 mg/L6-BA+0.05 mg/L NAA,with which the rooting rate was 93.3%and the number of roots was 5.7 roots.

Tissue Culture Rapid Propagation and Transplantation Techniques of Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall) Lind.

[Objectives]To screen the tissue culture rapid propagation formula suitable for each tissue culture stage of Anoectochilus roxburghii( Wall) Lind. [Methods] The stem segments of Fujian A. roxburghii were used as explant to study the tissue culture rapid propagation and transplantation techniques. The comparative experiment was carried out to study the effects of different hormone concentrations on the induction of stem segments,proliferation of cluster buds,rooting and seedling hardening of A. roxburghii,and study the effects of transplantation matrix on the transplantation of A. roxburghii. [Results]MS + 0. 5 mg/L NAA + 2 mg/L BA + 20 g/L sucrose + 6 g/L agar was suitable for induction of stem segments of A. roxburghii; MS + 0. 5 mg/L NAA + 2 mg/L BA + 1 mg/L KT + 25 g/L sucrose + 6 g/L agar was most suitable for proliferation of cluster buds of A. roxburghii; MS + 1. 0 mg/L IBA + 1. 0 mg/L NAA + 1 g/L activated carbon + 50 g/L mashed banana + 25 g/L sucrose + 6 g/L agar was most suitable for rooting and seedling hardening of A. roxburghii; using peat soil: fine sand( 3∶ 1) as transplantation matrix,the survival rate was the highest. [Conclusions] The experiment results are expected to provide references for factory production of A. roxburghii.

Study on Application Technology for Tissue Culture and Propagation of Tagetes patula L.

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the tissue culture and propagation technology in Tagetes patu/a L. [ Method] By using tissue culture tech- nology, different mass fractions of 6-BA and NAA were added to MS medium to compare the effect of different culture medium on the rapid propagation of T. patu/a L. [Result] Shoot tips or stem segments of T. patu/a L. were used as explants for tissue culture with an appropriate sterilization time of 8 min; differentiation effect of shoot tips was better than that of stem segments; callus generation rate was high with the high content of growth regulators; MS medium containing O. 1 mg/L NAA and 1.5 rag/L 6-BA was used for subculture proliferation with a subculture period of 4 weeks; rooting rate of plantlet was the maximum （97%） in 1/2MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L NAA, and the root system was relatively developed. [ Conclusion] This study provided technical support for the industrialized seedling breeding of T. patula L.

Overview of Research on Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation Technology of Pholidota

The genus Pholidota has good medicinal value,and is often over-excavated by humans.Coupled with its low natural reproduction rate,Pholidota is almost endangered.This paper summarized the tissue culture and rapid propagation technology of Pholidota in recent years,aiming to provide key technical support for resource protection and development of Pholidota and preliminary foundation and technical support for follow-up related research.

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Pedicels of Hemerocallis hybrida

[ Objective] This study aimed to develop tissue culture and rapid propagation methods for pedicels of HemerocaUis hybrida. [ Method] Tender pedicels of dwarf H. hybrida were used as experimental materials to sdect callus induction, subculture and rooting media for rapid propagation of H. hybrida.[ Result ] MS ＋ 2.0 - 3.0 mg/L 6-BA ＋ 0.2 - 0.3 mg/L NAA, MS ＋ 1.0 - 2.0 mg/L 6-BA ＋ 0.1 - 0.2 mg/L NAA, MS and 1/2MS ＋ 0.2 mg/L NAA were the appropriate me- dium for callus induction, subculture and rooting, respectively. [ Conclusion] The in vitro culture and clustered seedling rooting technology used in this study are effective methods for rapid propagation of H. hybrida, which provide technieal reference for industrialized production of H. hybrida.

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Platanus occidentalis L.

[ Objective ] The aim was to carry out study on the tissue culture of Platanus occldentalis L. so as to provide suitable method for propagation and preser- vation of fine strains. [ Method ] Four lines of P. occidentalis were used as test materials to explore the proliferation conditions of them on different mediums. [ Re- suit] The difference on the proliferation culture conditions among four clones, four media as well as the interaction of clones and media is extremely significant. The multiple comparisons result showed that the optimal proliferation medium for SX4, SX12, SJ28 and DY18 are ？,4, A2, A2 and A4. SX4 shows the best proliferation result. [ Conclusion] The result in this study has provided suitable method for propagation and preservation of fine strains and the material basis for further studies an P ,~rvirl.,,n^nli~

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation Techniques of New Variety in Cymbidium hybridum

[Objectives]This study was conducted to select media suitable for proliferation,differentiation and rooting of Cymbidium hybridum"Huangjinjia".[Methods]The lateral buds and protocorms of the new variety C.hybridum"Huangjinjia"were used as materials to explore the effects of different concentrations of 6-BA and NAA on protocorm proliferation and rooting.[Results]The optimal medium for protocorm propagation was 1/2 MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA0.5 mg/L+potato 50 g/L+sucrose 20 g/L,in which the protocorms multiplied easily and grew rapidly.The optimal medium for inducing adventitious buds was1/2 MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L+sucrose 30 g/L+banana 25 g/L+apple 25 g/L+activated carbon 1.0 g/L,in which the induction rate of adventitious buds reached 335%.The optimal medium for rooting was 1/2 MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+sucrose 25 g/L+banana 75 g/L+apple 25 g/L+activated carbon1.0 g/L,in which the average root length was 3.0 cm,the average number of roots was 2.6,and plantlets had green leaves,thick roots and suitable plant height.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis and reference for the establishment of a rapid propagation system using lateral buds.

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation System of Roselle(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

[Objectives]This study was conducted to establish a tissue culture and rapid propagation system of roselle(Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)[Methods]A tissue culture and rapid propagation experiment was carried out with roselle plants as materials to study the suitable explants,the best disinfection method,the best growth medium,the best rooting medium and the transplanting and domestication method of roselle.[Results]The lateral buds of roselle were the best explants.Sterilizing with 0.1%mercuric chloride for 7 min showed a contamination rate of 5%and achieved a survival rate of 90%.With MS as the basic medium,adding 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5 mg/L IBA could obtain the best effect of bud induction.The medium with the highest proliferation rate was MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+BA 0.1 mg/L.On the basis of 1/2MS,adding 0.5 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L IBA could make adventitious buds root fastest and most,and greatly improve the propagation coefficient.And 1∶1 perlite rock:peat soil was the best transplanting substrate,with which the transplanting survival rate reached 95%.[Conclusions]This study provides technical reference for rapid cultivation and large-scale planting of roselle.

Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Spathiphyllum kochii Engl. et Krause

[Objectives] This study was conducted on tissue-culture rapid propagation techniques of Spathiphyllum kochii Engl. et Krause. [Methods] With lateral buds of S. kochii as explants, the effects of such four basic media as MS, B5, Nitsch and Wpm and the ratio of two hormones(1, 2, 3 mg/L 6-BA and 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 mg/L NAA) on bud proliferation of S. kochii were studied by the complete test method, and the effect of the ratio of the two hormones(0.25, 0.50, 1.00 mg/L NAA and 1.0, 1.5 mg/L IBA) on rooting of S. kochii as well as the effect of substrate ratio(perlite and peat soil at 1∶9, 2∶8, 3∶7, 4∶6 and 5∶5) on its transplanting survival rate were also studied. [Results] The best basic medium for the rapid propagation of S. kochii was MS. The best hormone ratio suitable for bud proliferation was 2 mg/L6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA, and the average number of buds proliferated at 45 d was 3.04. The average bud height was 2.05 cm; the most suitable medium for rooting was 1/2 MS+1 mg/L IBA+0.25 mg/L NAA, and its rooting rate was 100%; and the best transplanting substrate was 5∶5 perlite and peat. The soil ratio had a survival rate of 94%. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the improvement of the transplanting survival rate of test-tube S. kochii plantlets.

A Preliminary Study on Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Virus-free Plantlets of Benihoppe Strawberry

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the tissue culture and rapid propagation techniques of Benihoppe strawberry. [ Method] Shoot tips of new stolons of Benihoppe strawberry were used as experimental materials to analyze the effects of media type, cytokinin type and concentration, carbon source type and concentration, and light intensity on tissue culture and propagation of Benihoppe strawberry. [ Result] MS was the optimal media for plantlet propagation. In the media containing 1.2 ing/L BA （with addition of 0.1 mg/L NAA）, fresh weight, dry weight and propagation coefficient of strawberry plantlets reached the maxi- mum, which were 2.259 g, 0. 221 g and 12.4, respectively. The optimal carbon source was 30 g/L sucrose, and the optimal light intensity was 1 600 lx. [ Conclu- sion] The best media for tissue culture and rapid propagation of Benihoppe strawberry was MS ＋ BA 1.2 mg/L ＋ NAA 0. 1 mg/L ＋ sucrose 30 g/L ＋ agar 8 g/L. This study provided scientific basis for large-scale production of Benihoppe strawberry.

Research on Rapid Propagation of Gongshui Pomelo by Tissue Culture

[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the optimal medium and hormone combinations for efficient rapid propagation of Gongshui pomelo and analyze key technical measures in the tissue culture process.[Method]Stem tips and stem segments with buds were collected from four varieties of pomelo adult trees as explants,to investigate the main effect and key regulatory factors of vegetative organs and tissue culture explants and to propose a series of measures to prevent and control microbial contamination.Finally,an efficient rapid propagation technology system of Gongshui pomelo was established.[Result]Spring shoot explants contained large amounts of auxin,cytokinins,gibberellins and other growth regulators,which could be used for tissue culture with high bud generation rate and rapid growth.Different conditions led to various culture results.Specifically,mature pomelo seeds should be generated on semi-solid 1/2MS medium and transferred to solid MS medium for incubation.The propagation coefficient of stem segments with axillary buds was greater than that of stem tips,exhibiting significant differences.In addition,the optimal hormone combination was 6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L,which significantly promoted the induction and differentiation of adventitious buds.[Conclusion]This study provided basis for basic research,production and application of pomelo germplasm resources.

Tissue Culture of Calla Lily (Zantedeschia spreng.): An Updated Review on the Present Scenario and Future Prospects

The calla lily(Zantedeschia spreng.)is a bulbousflower native to the tropical regions of Africa.Calla lily has gained significant popularity in the international market owing to its intricate morphology and prolonged flowering duration.Despite such advantages,for two sub-groups of calla lily,known as group Zantedeschia and group Aestivae,there are challenges in terms of hybrid production due to the‘plastome-genome incompatibility’there-between.Tissue culture is a fundamental biotechnological tool used in gene editing research,with a focus on disease resistance andflower color in calla lily breeding programs.The present review provides a brief background on the history and development of the calla lily,as well as a comprehensive and critical summary of calla lily tissue culture research.The regeneration pathways for both group Zantedeschia and group Aestivae can be divided into de novo organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis.Both groups are capable of obtaining replants through such means.However,only some species in group Aestivae have been reported to be successful in the somatic embryogenesis pathway.In the present review,special attention was paid to the influence of explant types,plant growth regulators,and culture conditions on both de novo organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis in calla lily tissue culture.Ultimately,future research prospects were determined based on integrated analysis of recent progress in calla lily tissue culture research.

Evaluation of Different Substrates Compositions for Acclimatization of Tissue Culture Taro Plantlets in a Propagator

Taro is cultivated in most Regions of Cameroon and it is affected by taro leaf blight disease since 2010 which has decreased its production. Lack of disease-free planting materials has been a main problem to farmers. This study was carried out at International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Yaounde and Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Bambui to assess different substrates for acclimatization of tissue culture taro plantlets in apropagator. No information is available on acclimatization of Cameroonian taro plantlets in different substrates. Taro plantlets from tissue culture were acclimatised in a propagator for six weeks under different substrates, the first substrate consisted of sterile three parts of soil and one part of river sand mixed together (3:1), the second substrate consisted of sterile two parts of soil and two parts of river sand mixed together (2:2), the third substrate consisted of sterile two parts of soil, one part of rice husk and one part of river sand mixed together (2:1:1) and the fourth substrate consisted of sterile one part of soil and three parts of river sand mixed together (1:3). After acclimatisation of the different taroplantlets (Dark green petiole with small leaves (L1), Red petiole with small leaves (L2), Light green petiole with large leaves (L3) and Light green petiole with small leaves (L4) in these four substrates, it was observed that the best growth rate of plant was recorded on substrate sand + soil (1:3). The other substrates showed moderate growth of plants. Substrate sand + soil (1:3) can be recommended for acclimatization of Cameroonian taro plantlets.

MICROPROPAGATION IN TISSUE CULTURE OFDAHURIAN LARCH

Dormant buds of Larix gmelinii (4-30 years old) were cultured in vitro. Axillary buds grew on the explants, and 60%-65% of the explants' axillary buds, a differentiation rate of 60% was obtained on the explants collected from the 30-year-old trees. The maximum number of axillary buds was 26 in one induction per initial explant. Bud clusters were separated into individual buds and most of them elongated into shoots. A few roots grew on the shoots. The MS (Murashige and skoog) and SH (Schenk and Hildebrandt) were more efficient media than the WPM. (Woody Plant Medium). The best hormone Combinations for the axillary bud inductions were BA1+NAA0.01 and BA2+NAA0.2 (mg/L). The procedure was as follows: (1) Apical buds were explanted on the no-hormone basal agar medium and grown for 1 or 2 weeks; (2) Explants were transferred onto the bud-inducing medium and grown for 2 weeks and then (3) Cultured on the basal medium without hormones for axillary bud elongation; (4) Bud clusters were separated and cultured continuously to a minimum height of 1.5cm; (5) shoots were cut at the base and cultured on root-inducing medium; (6) plantlets were allowed to acclimatize and then transferred to the soil.

Primary Establishment of the Tissue Culture Technique and Regeneration System for Ornamental Lupinns polyphyllus

The purpose of this paper is to develop a system for tissue culture and rapid propagation of two ornamental lupins, Minaretie and Russell Prize. In view of screening out the better explant regeneration and suitable culture medium, through adding hormone 6-BA, NAA and 2, 4-D into MS and B5 basic culture medium, a series of experiments were carried out with the shoot tips, leaves, leaf petioles and stems from the asepsis seedling. The results showed that the shoot tips had favorableness on the rapidly propagation; MS＋6-BA 0.5 mg. L-1 for first generation, the induction rate of Minaretie and Russell Prize was 90.5% and 95.86% respectivdy; Minaretie had the highest propagation index （6.35） on MS＋6-BA 0.5 mg.L^-1＋NAA 0 mg-L^-1＋GA 30.8 mg. L^1＋AC 2 g. L^-1, but Russell Prize had the highest propagation index （7.24） on MS＋6-BA 0.5 mg.L^-1＋NAA 0.15 mg.L^-1＋GA3 1.0 mg.L^-1＋AC 0.5 g.L^-1; 1/2 MS＋NAA 0.25 mg.L^-1 was the best rooting medium. The ratios of getting roots of Minaretie and Russell Prize were 94.78% and 96.32%, respectively.

The Comparison in Tissue Culture Ability of Mature Embryo in Different Cultivars of Rice

In order to study the regeneration technology of mature embryos in different rice varieties,nine japonica,nine indica and eleven hybrid rice varieties of two line or three line or superiority combinations were selected as explants to study the callus induction,differentiation and regeneration rates on different media.The higher callus induction （61.7-89.2%） was observed in japonica rice,when cytokinin was added at lower concentration （0.3 mg L-1 6-BA） in M8 basal medium,supplemented with 30 g L-1 sucrose,8 g L-1 agar and 2 mg L-1 2,4-D.Further,the addition of two cytokinins （2 mg L-1 6-BA,0.5 mg L-1 KT） and 1 mg L-1 NAA in the M8 basal supplemented medium resulted in 9.1-100% of the callus induction in indica rice.The percent callus induction in hybrid rice varieties was 40-86.3% when addition of 1 mg L-1 6-BA and 1 mg L-1 KT was added,and the cytokinins was required by the japonica and indica rice varieties in the M8 basal supplemented medium.It was observed that when the 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D and 1 mg L-1 6-BA were added in japonica rice,and 0.2 mg L-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg L-1 6-BA were added in indica and hybrid rice in the MS different media,the regeneration rates were 9.2-59.5%,3.6-87.5% and 17.2-43.2% for japonica,indica and hybrid rice,respectively.Thus,the regeneration technology with higher output is established in the mature embryos of similar rice varieties.

Contamination and browning in tissue culture of Platanus occidentalis L.

Twigs of 2-3-year-old Platanus occidentalis L. were used as experimental material to find the causes for the contamination and browning in the initial stages of tissue cultures. To compare the degree of browning of explants picked off from different growing seasons, the experimental material was excised from trees on each of the first ten days in January, March, May and July, 2006. The results indicated that the contamination and browning rates of the material cut off in January （14.2% and 30.6%, respectively） and March were somewhat lower than those in July. The pretreatment of soaking the explants in different anti-oxidants and absorbents at the same time could diminish some side effects. The pretreatment of using 10 g·L^-1 vitamin C reduced the contamination and brown- ing rate effectively. An orthogonal experiment showed that the optimal factor and level arrangement is 0.5 mg·L^-1BA, 2.0 g·L^-1 active carbon and 1.5 g·L^-1 PVP which resulted in a browning rate of only 16.5%. In general, sampling period, physical properties and pretreatment of explants are the main factors responsible for the contamination and browning of material in the initial stages of P. occidentalis tissue cultures.

Effect of Coconut Milk and Rare Earth on Proliferation, Rootage and Isozymes of Dendrobium in Tissue Culture

In tissue culture, effects of coconut milk, rare earth and medium on proliferation, rootage and isozymes of Dendrobium were studied. The result indicated that coconut milk and RE could promote proliferation and rootage, with their combined treatment the most effective. In proliferation culture, coconut milk enhanced peroxidase (POD) and esterase(EST) activity and types, RE decreased POD, but increased EST activity and types and combined treatment did not show the same influence on POD and EST too. In rootage culture, adding coconut milk decreased POD activity, but improved EST activity in 1/2MS medium and declined EST activity, expression type in WPM medium. when using RE, POD and EST activity both reduced, types of the former decreased, types of the latter changed slightly with the basic medium. And combined treatment would decreased POD activity and types.

Study on Seed Germination Conditions and in vitro Tissue Culture of Lilium formolongi

To facilitate the rapid production of lily （Liliumformolongi）, conditions favoring the germination of dormant lily seeds and in vitro regeneration from tissue cultttre were studied, using the germinating plumule as the explants. The optimal inducing conditions for dormant lily dry seeds to germinate were low tempera- ture （ 10 ℃ ） treatment for one hour followed by incubating at 18 ℃ with light illumination. After 8 days of incubation/induction, over 90% of the seeds were ger- minated. MS ＋ 6-BA 1.0 mg,/L ＋ NAA 0.5 mg/L was the most efficient medium formula in lily callus induction. MS ＋ 6-BA 2.0 mg/L ＋ NAA 0.5 mg/L was the optimal medium for calli growth. 1/2MS ＋ NAA 1.0 mg/L was the medium gave the highest root inductive rate.