Expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in progression muscular dystrophy

Objective Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 （TIMP-1） is a muhifunctional protein that has thc capacity to modify cellular activities and to modulate matrix turnover. This paper revealed the contributive role of TIMP-1 in progressive muscular dystrophy （PMD）. Methods We examined the expression and cellular localization of TIMP-1 protein using biopsied frozen muscle from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy （DMD）, Becker muscular dystrophy （BMD） , congenital muscular dystrophy （CMD） by immunohistochemistry, double immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Results The results of immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence showed that TIMP-1 was positive only in vascular endothelial cells of normal muscles. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis showed that the staining intensity was distinctly increased in some dystrophic muscles of PMD for TIMP-1. Double immunofluorescence revealed that TIMP-1 strongly expressed in the regenerating muscle fibers, macrophages and macrophage infiltrating necrotic fibers. Some activated fibroblasts in endomysium and perimysium of DMD and CMD muscles were also positive for TIMP- 1. Conclusion The functional consequence of overexpression of TIMP-1 in the dystrophic muscles is unknown, but the elevated local expression of TIMP-1 in diseased muscles of PMD and their distinct distribution pattern provide evidence that TIMP-1 may participate in the pathogenesis of PMD.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression in early focal cerebral infarction following urokinase thrombolysis in rats

Activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 increases following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, and is associated with cerebral microvascular permeability, blood-brain barrier destruction, inflammatory cell infiltration and brain edema. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 also likely participates in thrombolysis. A rat model of middle cerebral artery infarction was established by injecting autologous blood clots into the internal carotid artery. At 3 hours following model induction, urokinase was injected into the caudal vein. Decreased neurological severity score, reduced infarct volume, and increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 were observed in the cerebral cortex 24 hours after urokinase thrombolysis. These results suggest that urokinase can suppress damage in the acute-early stage of cerebral infarction.

LOW DOSE PIRFENIDONE SUPPRESSES TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA-1 AND TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE-1, AND PROTECTS RATS FROM LUNG FIBROSIS INDUCED BY BLEOMYCIN

Objective To investigate the optimal dosage of pirfenidone for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in Wistar rats, and the alteration of expressions of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β_ 1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in lung tissue. Methods Male Wistar rats were endotracheally instilled with bleomycin or normal saline. Pirfenidone (25-[KG*8]800 mg·kg -1·d -1), dexamethasone (3 mg/kg), or 1% carboxymethylcellulose sodium were given daily by feed 2 days before instillation of bleomycin. Groups T7 and T14 were fed pirfenidone 50 mg·kg -1·d -1 at 7 days or 14 days after bleomycin instillation. Lungs were harvested at 28 days after bleomycin instillation. Patholological changes in lung tissues were evaluated with HE staining. Lung collagen was stained by sirius red and measured by content of hydroxyproline. Expression of proteins of TGF-β_ 1, TIMP-1, and MMP-13 were detected by Western blotting. Results At doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg·kg -1·d -1, pirfenidone had significant anti-fibrotic effects for bleomycin-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis, and these effects were most significantly attenuated at the dosage of 50 mg·kg -1·d -1 (HE: P<0.01, P<0.01, and P=0.064; sirius red: P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.05; hydroxyproline: P=0.595, P<0.01, and P=0.976). Pirfenidone at a dosage of[KG*3]50 mg·kg -1·d -1 inhibited protein expression of TGF-β_ 1 and TIMP-1 in lung tissue in the early phase (0.79 and 0.75 times of control group), but had no effect on expression of MMP-13. Conclusion Low dose pirfenidone, especially at dosage of 50 mg·kg -1·d -1, has significant anti-fibrotic effects on bleomycin-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis. Pirfenidone partially inhibits the enhancement of the expression of TGF-β_ 1 and TIMP-1 in lung tissue.

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in hepatic stellate cells during rat hepatic fibrosis and its intervention by IL-10

AIM: To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in hepatic fibrosis and the antifibrogenic role of exogenous interleukin-10 (IL-10).METHODS: Hepatic fibrosis was induced by CCl4administration and 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group (group N, 8rats), CCl4-induced group (group C, 28 rats) and IL-10-treated group (group I, 24 rats). At the beginning of the 7th and 11th wk, rats in each group were routinely perfused with pronase E and type Ⅳ collagenase through portal vein catheter and the suspension was centrifuged by 11%Nycodenz density gradient to isolate hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). RT-PCR was used to analyze mRNA of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 from freshly isolated cells. Densitometric data were standardized with β-actin signals. Immunocytochemistry was performed to detect MMP-2 and TIMP-1 expression in HSC cultured for 72 h.RESULTS: Compared to group N in the 7th wk, MMP-2and TIMP-1 mRNA increased in group C (P= 0.001/0.001)and group I (P = 0.001/0.009). The level of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 mRNA in group I was significantly lower than that in group C (P= 0.001/0.001). In the 11th wk, MMP-2 mRNAin group I was still lower than that in group C (P = 0.005),but both dropped compared with that in the 7th week (P = 0.001/0.004). TIMP-1 mRNA in group I was still lower than that in group C (P= 0.001), and increased in group C (P = 0.001) while decreased in group I (P = 0.042)compared with that in the 7th wk. Same results were found by immunocytochemistry.CONCLUSION: Expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 is increased in hepatic fibrosis. IL-10 exhibits an antifibrogenic effect by suppressing MMP-2 and TIMP-1 expression.

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in ulcerative colitis

AIM: To examine the expression of metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the colonic mucosa of patients with ulcer- ative colitis (UC). METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain re- action (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to study the expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 at both mRNA and protein levels in patients with UC and con- trols. The relationship between MMP-1 mRNA, TIMP-1 mRNA, MMP-1 mRNA/TIMP-1 mRNA ratio and the sever- ity of clinical symptoms of the patients with UC were also analyzed. RESULTS: The expression of MMP-1 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA in the ulcerated and inflamed colonic mucosa was signifi cantly higher than that in the non-inflamed colonic mucosa (P < 0.001), but there was no statistically signif i- cant difference in the non-inflamed colonic mucosa of UC patients and normal controls (P > 0.05). The mRNA ex- pression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in ulcerated colonic mu- cosa of UC patients was increased by 80-fold and 2.2-fold, respectively when compared with the normal controls. In the inflamed colonic mucosa, the increase was 30-fold and 1.6-fold, respectively. Immunohistochemical analy- sis showed that among the ulcerated, inflamed, and non-inflamed colonic mucosae of UC patients and the normal controls, the positive rate of MMP-1 expression was 87%, 87%, 40% and 35% respectively, and the positive rate of TIMP-1 expression was 89%, 89%, 80% and 75%, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of MMP-1 mRNA, TIMP-1 mRNA and the MMP-1 mRNA/ TIMP-1 mRNA ratio were correlated with the severity of clinical symptoms (P <0.05).CONCLUSION: Excessive expression of MMP-1 in the diseased colonic mucosa causes excessive hydrolysis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and ulceration in UC pa-tients. MMP-1 mRNA, TIMP-1 mRNA and MMP-1 mRNA/ TIMP-1 mRNA ratio can be used as biomarkers to judge the severity of clinical symptoms in patients with UC. Exogenous TIMP-1 or MMP-1 inhibitor therapy is a novel treatment for patients with UC.

Plasma matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 as biomarkers of ulcerative colitis activity

AIM: Overexpression of mucosal metalloproteinases (MMP)has been demonstrated recently in inflammatory boweldisease. Their activity can be counterbalanced by the tissueinhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP). The aim of this studywas to evaluate the effect of ulcerative colitis (UC) on MMP-1 and TTMP-1 plasma concentrations, as two possiblebiomarkers of the disease activity.METHODS: MMP-1 and TIMP-1 plasma concentrations weremeasured with an enzyme immunoassay in 16 patients withendoscopically confirmed active UC.RESULTS: Plasma concentrations of both MMP-11 (13.7±0.2ng/ml) and TIMP-L (799±140 ng/ml) were significantlyelevated in UC patients in comparison to healthy controls(11.9±0.9 ng/ml and 220±7 ng/ml respectively). There wasno correlation between TIMP-1 and MMP-1 concentrations(r=-0.02). TIMP-1 levels revealed significant positivecorrelations with scored endoscopic degree of mucosai injury,disease activity index and clinical activity index values aswell as C-reactive protein concentration. There was nocorrelation between MMP-1 and laboratory, clinical orendoscopic indices of the disease activity.CONCLUSION: These results confirm the role of both MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis.However only TIMP-1 can be useful as a biomarker of thedisease activity, demonstrating association with clinical andendoscopic pictures.

Expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

BACKGROUND： Matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） can degrade collagen IV （the main structural ingredient of basilar membrane）, and it also plays an important role in tumor vascularization, tumor cell progression, formation of metastatic focus, etc. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 （T1MP-1） can bind with MMP-9 to form 1 ： 1 compound and inhibit its activity, and can negatively regulate the tumor progression and metastasis. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the relationship of MMP-9 and T1MP-1 expressions with the pathological grade, metastasis and prognosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor （MPNST）. DESIGN： An observational comparative experiment. SETTING： Heze Medical College. PARTICIPANTS： Fifty-eight surgical pathological samples, which were clearly diagnosed to be MPNST, were collected from the pathological laboratory archives in the Department of Pathology, Heze Municipal Hospital from January 1988 to December 2003. The MPNST pathological types were common tumor in 53 cases, malignant triton tumor in 2 cases, epithelial MPNST in 2 cases and MPNST with gland differentiation in 1 case. The pathological grade was grade 1 in 11 cases, grade 2 in 24 cases and grade 3 in 23 cases. Besides, the resected tumor samples of 20 patients with benign peripheral nerve tumor （10 cases of nerve sheath tumor and 10 cases of neurofibromatosis） and the normal peripheral nerves （by-products of some surgeries） of 5 patients were also collected. The samples were used with the approval of the patients. Rat-anti-human MMP-9, TIMP-1 monoclonal antibody and S-P kit were purchased from Fuzhou Maixin Biotechnology, Co.,Ltd. METHODS： The documented paraffin blocks were again prepared to sections of 5 lJ m. The expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the samples were detected with mmunohistochemical S-P method. The relationships of the MPNST severity, recurrence, metastasis and survival rate with the expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Relationships of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expressions with the MPNST severity and prognosis. RESULTS： ①Expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in three tissues： MMP-9 and TIMP-1 stainings were mainly observed in cytoplasm. Among the 58 MPNST patients, the MMP-9 expression was significantly higher than those in normal peripheral nerve and benign tumor （P 〈 0.05）, while the TIMP-1 expression in MPNST was lower than those in normal peripheral nerve and benign tumor （P 〈 0.05）. ②Relationship of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expressions with the severity and prognosis of MPNST： The expressions of both proteins were observed in the four subtypes. The positive expression of MMP-9 in the MPNST patients of grades 2 - 3 was significantly higher than that in the MPNST patients of grade 1 （P 〈 0.05）, while the expression of MMP-9 was significantly lower than that in the MPNST patients of grade 1 （P 〈 0.05）. The metastatic rate was positively correlated with MMP-9 expression （r =1.696, P 〈 0.05）, but negatively correlated with TIMP-1 expression （r = - 2.125, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： MMP-9 and TIMP-1 are associated with MPNST pathological grades and metastasis, and can be used as the indicators for judging the severity and orognosis of MPNST.

Long noncoding RNAs HAND2-AS1 ultrasound microbubbles suppress hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating the miR-873-5p/tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 axis

BACKGROUND Increasing data indicated that long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)were directly or indirectly involved in the occurrence and development of tumors,including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Recent studies had found that the expression of lncRNA HAND2-AS1 was downregulated in HCC tissues,but its role in HCC progression is unclear.Ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction mediated gene transfection is a new method to overexpress genes.AIM To study the role of ultrasound microbubbles(UTMBs)mediated HAND2-AS1 in the progression of HCC,in order to provide a new reference for the treatment of HCC.METHODS In vitro,we transfected HAND2-AS1 siRNA into HepG2 cells by UTMBs,and detected cell proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)by cell counting kit-8 assay,flow cytometry,Transwell invasion assay and Western blotting,respectively.In addition,we transfected miR-837-5p mimic into UTMBs treated cells and observed the changes of cell behavior.Next,the UTMBs treated HepG2 cells were transfected together with miR-837-5p mimic and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2(TIMP2)overexpression vector,and we detected cell proliferation,apoptosis,invasion and EMT.In vivo,we established a mouse model of subcutaneous transplantation of HepG2 cells and observed the effect of HAND2-AS1 silencing on tumor formation ability.RESULTS We found that UTMBs carrying HAND2-AS1 restricted cell proliferation,invasion,and EMT,encouraged apoptosis,and HAND2-AS1 silencing eliminated the effect of UTMBs.Additionally,miR-873-5p targets the gene HAND2-AS1,which also targets the 3’UTR of TIMP2.And miR-873-5p mimic counteracted the impact of HAND2-AS1.Further,miR-873-5p mimic solely or in combination with pcDNA-TIMP2 had been transformed into HepG2 cells exposed to UTMBs.We discovered that TIMP2 reversed the effect of miR-873-5p mimic caused by the blocked signalling cascade for matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)2/MMP9.In vivo results showed that HAND2-AS1 silencing significantly inhibited tumor formation in mice.CONCLUSION LncRNA HAND2-AS1 promotes TIMP2 expression by targeting miR-873-5p to inhibit HepG2 cell growth and delay HCC progression.

Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 mediates up-regulation of angiotensin ll-induced tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression in cultured human senescent fibroblasts

Backgroud Angiotensin Ⅱ （Ang Ⅱ）, a principal effector of renin-angiotensin system （RAS） and increased in aging tissues, can stimulate JAK/STAT pathway via the G-protein-coupled Ang Ⅱ receptor type Ⅰ （AT1） and induce nuclear translocation of signal transducers and activators of transcription （STAT）. To further explore the role of Ang Ⅱ in aging, we examined the effect of Ang Ⅱ on human replicative senescent diploid fibroblast WI-38 cells.

Correlations between papillary thyroid cancer and peripheral blood levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2

Background The relationship between the presence of metalloproteinases and thyroid cancer remains unknown, and many controversies still exist in this field. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlations between papillary thyroid cancer and peripheral blood levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and tissue inhibitor of metall0Proteinase-2. Methods The correlations were studied bY detecting the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloProteinase-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in the peripheral blood of 30 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, 27 patients with benign thyroid disease, and 25 hea !hy vo!unteers. Results The leve!s of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 in the peripheral blood of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma were significantly higher than those in the peripheral blood of patients with benign thyroid disease and healthy volunteers （P 〈0.05）. However, there were no significant differences between patients with benign thyroid disease and healthy volunteers （P 〉0.05）. The accuracy of detection by both enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in the papillary thyroid cancer group was 83.33%. Conclusions The levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 in the peripheral blood are helpful in identifying thyroid carcinoma and aid in preoperative assessment.

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 counteracts glucolipotoxicity in the pancreatic β-cell line INS-1

Background Glucolipotoxicity might play an important role in the β cell decompensation stage during the development of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes.Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 （TIMP-1） inhibits matrix metalloproteinase （MMP） activity and regulates proliferation and apoptosis of a variety of cell types,including pancreatic β-cells.In the present study,we investigated whether TIMP-1 counteracts glucolipotoxicity in the pancreatic β-cell line INS-1.Methods INS-1 cells were incubated in normal or high glucose,with or without palmitate （0.4 mmol/L）,in the presence of TIMP-1 or MMP inhibitor GM60001.In some experiments,cells were pretreated with phosphatidylinositol-3 （Pl-3） kinase inhibitor,LY294002 or wortmannin.The amount of dead INS-1 cells was determined by HO342 and propidium iodide staining.Akt phosphorylation was evaluated by Western blotting analysis to investigate a possible mechanism of TIMP-1＇s action.Results TIMP-1 protected INS-1 cells from glucolipotoxicity independent of MMP inhibition.TIMP-1 stimulated Akt phosphorylation.Inhibition of the PI-3 kinase pathway abolished the survival effect of TIMP-1.Conclusion TIMP-1 may counteract glucolipotoxicity induced β-cell death via a PI-3 kinase pathway.

Effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in fibroblasts irradiated with ultraviolet A

Background It is known that ultraviolet irradiation can affect cellular function through a number of signaling pathways ( ) epigallocatechin 3 gallate (EGCG) is the major effective component in green tea and can offer protection from ultraviolet induced damage In this study, we investigated the protective mechanism of EGCG on human dermal fibroblasts damaged by ultraviolet A (UVA) in vitro Methods Transcription factor Jun protein levels were measured by Western blot Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP 1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP 1) mRNA were studied by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) analysis in conjunction with computer assisted image analysis MMP 1 and TIMP 1 proteins were quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Results EGCG decreased transcription activity of Jun protein after induction by UVA Both the mRNA and protein levels of MMP 1 were increased by UVA irradiation, while no significant changes were observed in TIMP 1 levels The ratio of MMP 1 to TIMP 1 showed statistically significant differences compared with the control EGCG decreased the ratio of MMP 1 to TIMP 1 by inhibiting UVA induced MMP 1 expression ( P <0 05) Conclusion EGCG can protect human fibroblasts against UVA damage by downregulating the transcription activity of Jun protein and the expression of MMP 1 The ratio of MMP 1 to TIMP 1, rather than the levels of MMP 1 or TIMP 1 alone, may play a significant role in human skin photodamage

Synergistic antitumor effects of in vivo production of human endostatin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in mice after subcutaneous implantation of primary fibroblasts transfected by adenovirus-mediated gene delivery

Background Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase （TIMP）-1 is a multifunctional protein. The aim of the study was to examine the feasibility of using a combination of adenovirus-mediated gene delivery of TIMP-1 plus endostatin and cell transplantation techniques to treat tumor growth and metastasis in mouse melanoma.Methods A enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the level of TIMP-1 and endostatin in vitro and in vivo. A tumor bearing mouse model and an experimental lung metastasis model in animal experiments were used to explore the therapeutic effect of in vivo production of human TIMP-1 and endostatin after the implantation of primary fibroblasts infected with the indicated adenovirus into tumor-bearing mice and a cytochemical method was used to observe histopathological changes of the tumor. An experimental lung metastasis model was established by injecting B16BL6 cells into the tail vein of mice and adenovirus-infected primary fibroblasts were subcutaneously implanted into the mice 24 hours later. Twenty-one days after tumor cell injection, mice were sacrificed to examine the effect on nodules visible as black forms on the surface of the lungs in B16BL6 cells.Results TIMP-1 and endostatin were secreted into the supernatants of cultures of Ad-TIMP-1 and Ad-End-infected mouse primary fibroblasts. We also observed that implantation of fibroblasts infected with Ad-TIMP-1 alone, Ad-End alone, or Ad-TIMP-1 plus Ad-End resulted in detectable blood levels which may clearly inhibit the tumor growth and metastasis in a murine melanoma model.Conclusion These results suggest the high capacity of transfection for the delivery of TIMP-1 or endostatin gene constructs into primary fibroblasts, and demonstrate that the implantation of TIMP-1 and endostatin producing fibroblasts at a site in vivo where direct secretion of TIMP-1 and endostatin into the blood is possible represented a promising approach for the development of cancer therapy.

Effects of Fengbaisan(丰白散) on the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 in Lung Tissue of Rats with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective： To observe effects of Fengbaisan （丰白散, FBS） on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 （TIMP-1） in lung tissue of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） and to investigate the preventive and therapeutic mechanisms of FBS. Methods： The COPD rat model was established by cigarette smoke exposure and lipopolysaccharide （LPS） intra-tracheal dripping. The histopathological changes of lung tissue was observed via hematoxylin/eosin staining. The expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in lung tissue was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and immunohistochemistry. Results： The typical histopathological changes of COPD were displayed in the model group, Ambroxol Hydrochloride group and FBS group, and the pathological lesions in the FBS group were less than those in the model group. The expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the model group increased significantly compared with those in the normal group （P〈0.05）. After treatment for successive 28 days, the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the FBS group decreased remarkably as compared with the model group （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： FBS can regulate MMP-9/TIMP-1 imbalance to prevent airway and lung parenchyma remodeling process via reducing the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the lung tissue of COPD rats, and this may be a possible therapeutic mechanism of FBS on COPD. KEYWORDS chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Fengbaisan, matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, airway remodeling, Chinese medicine

Effects of Biejia Ruangan Tablet(复方鳖甲软肝片)-Containing Serum on Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Expression in Cultured Renal Interstitial Fibroblasts

Objective： To investigate the effects of Biejia Ruangan Tablet （复方鳖甲软肝片, BRT）- containing serum on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase （MMP-9） and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase （TIMP-1） in cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts. Methods： Different BRT-containing sera were prepared by gastric gavages to rats with the high-dose （7 g/kg）, mid-dose （3.5 g/kg）, and low-dose （1.75 g/kg） BRT respectively. The expression of extracellular matrix in NRK-49F cells was induced by treatment with human transforming growth factor-β1 （recombined human TGF-β 1）, and BRT-containing serum. Western blotting and Northern blotting were used to measure type I and III procollagen, MMP-9, and TIMP-1. Results： The high dose BRT-containing serum could decrease the type Ⅰ and Ⅲ procollagen gene expression which boosted by TGF- 13 1, at the same time cut down TIMP-1 protein and gene expression which increased by TGF- β1 （P〈0.05）. Treatment of cells with recombined human TGF-β 1 had no significant effect on MMP-9 expression and BRT- containing serum also had no effect on MMP-9 expression. Conclusions： High dose BRT has anti-fibrosis effects in NRK-49F cells, as indicated by its inhibition of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ procollagen and TIMP-1 expression.

Effects of a plasmid expressing antisense tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 on liver fibrosis in rats

No efficient therapy for liver fibrosis has been available. This study wasaimed to provide evidence that the introduction of a plasmid expressing antisense tissue inhibitorof metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) into a rat model of immunologically induced liver fibrosis canresult in the increased activity of interstitial collagenase, thus enhancing the degradation ofcollagen. Real-time nested polymerase chain reaction ( RT-Nested-PCR) and gene recombinationtechniques were used to construct a rat antisense TIMP-1 recombinant plasmid that can be expressedin eukaryotic cells. Both the recombinant plasmid and an empty vector ( _(pc)DNA3 ) wereencapsulated with glycosyl-poly-L-lysine and injected into rats suffering from pig serum-inducedliver fibrosis. The expression of ex'ogenous transfected plasmid was assessed by Northern blot,RT-PCR, and Western blot. Hepatic interstitial collagenase activity was detected usingfluorescinisothiocyanate ( FITC)-labeledtype Ⅰ collagen. In addition to hepatic hydroxyprolinecontent, hepatic collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ were detected by immunohistochemical staining, and thestages of liver fibrosis by Van Gieson staining. Exogenous antisense TIMP-1 was successfullyexpressed in vivo and could block the gene and protein expression of TIMP-1. Active and latenthepatic interstitial collagenase activities were elevated (P<0. 01), hepatic hydroxyproline contentand the accumulation of collagen types Ⅰ and Ⅲ were lowered, and liver fibrosis was alleviated inthe antisense TIMP-1 group (P <0. 01) as compared with the model group. The results demonstratethat antisense TIMP-1 recombinant plasmids have some inhibitory effect on liver fibrosis.

Effect of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blocker on glucose-induced mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in rat mesangial cells

细胞外的矩阵蛋白质的减少的降级玩的背景在糖尿病的 nephropathy 的发作的一个重要角色。矩阵 metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9 ) 是矩阵 metalloproteinase 家庭的成员，和 metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1 ) 的织物禁止者与这个过程被联系。血管收缩素 il (AII ) 也在糖尿病的 nephropathy 的发展起一个重要作用。试图在老鼠 mesangial cells.Methods 老鼠 mesangial 房间在 MMP-9 和 TIMP-1 的导致葡萄糖的 mRNA 表情上调查血管收缩素受体 blocker 的效果的这研究进 5 个组有教养、划分：正常葡萄糖(组 NG ) ，高葡萄糖(组 HG ) ，组 NG+AII， NG+AIl+saralasin (组 NG+AII+S， saralasin 是所有受体 blocker ) 并且 HG+saralasin (组 HG+S ) 。在房间被孵化 24 个小时以后，在上层清液的所有集中被放射性免疫测定和 MMP-9 的表示测量， TIMP-1 mRNA 是由反向的抄写聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR ) 的 assayed 所有集中是的 .Results 在组 HG 更高((56.90 慮敳吗？？

Interleukin-1 beta up-regulates tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA and phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase and p38 in hepatic stellate cells

瞄准：学习在 interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta ) 之间的关系矩阵 metalloproteinase-1 (TIMMP-1 ) 的起来调整的织物禁止者 mRNA 表示和两 c-jun N 终端激酶(JNK ) 和在老鼠的 p38 的磷酸化肝的星形细胞(HSC ) 。方法：RT-PCR 被执行在老鼠 HSC 测量 TIMMP-1 mRNA 的表示。西方的污点被执行在老鼠 HSC 测量 IL-1beta-induced JNK 和 p38 活动。结果：TIMMP-1 mRNA 表示(1.191+/-0.079 ) 比在控制组(0.545+/-0.091 )(P【0.01 ) 为 24 h 是有 IL-1beta (10 ng/mL ) 的许多更高的术后疗法。IL-1beta 以一种时间依赖者方式激活 JNK 和 p38。在有为 0， 5， 15， 30， 60 和 120 min 的 IL-1beta 的刺激以后， JNK 活动分别地是 0.982+/-0.299,1.501+/-0.720， 2.133+/-0.882， 3.360+/-0.452， 2.181+/-0.789，和 1.385+/-0.368。在在 15 min (P【0.01 ) 的 JNK 活动有有效差量， 30 min (P【0.01 ) 和在 0 min 的与那相比的 60 min (P【0.01 ) 。p38 活动分别地是在 6 个次点(0， 5， 15， 30， 60 和 120 min ) 的 1.061+/-0.310,2.050+/-0.863， 2.380+/-0.573， 2.973+/-0.953， 2.421+/-0.793，和 1.755+/-0.433。在在 5 点的 p38 活动有有效差量 min ( P【0.05 )， 15 min ( P【0.01 )， 30 min ( P【0.01 )和在在 3 减少的 0 min.TIMMP-1 mRNA 表示 trended 的与那相比的 60 min ( P【0.01 )与 SP600125 的不同集中组织 pretreated ( 10 micromol/L ， 1.022+/-0.113 ；20 micromol/L， 0.869+/-0.070；40 micromol/L， 0.666+/-0.123 ) 。他们的减少都是重要的(P【0.05， P【0.01， P【0.01 ) 与控制组相比(没有 SP600125 处理， 1.163+/-0.107 ) 。在其它， 3 与 SB203580 的不同集中组织 pretreated (10 micromol/L， 1.507+/-0.099；20 micromol/L， 1.698+/-0.107；40 micromol/L， 1.857+/-0.054 ) ， TIMMP-1 mRNA 的表示增加了。他们的层次比在控制组的那些高(没有 SB203580 处理， 1.027+/-0.061 ) 与重要统计意义(P【0.01 ) 。结论：IL-1beta 在老鼠 HSC 由起来调整的 TIMMP-1 mRNA 表示在肝的纤维变性上有一个直接行动。JNK 和 p38 激活 mitogen 的蛋白质家族 ases (MAPK ) 涉及 IL-1beta-induced TIMMP-1 基因表示，并且在这进程起一个不同作用，显示 p38 和 JNK 小径合作地调停在老鼠 HSC 的 TIMP-1 mRNA 表示。

Imbalance of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-1 may contribute to hemorrhage in cerebellar arteriovenous malformations

In this study, we determined the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-1 and -2 in brain tissues and blood plasma of patients undergoing surgery for cerebellar arteriovenous malformations or primary epilepsy （control group）. Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-1 was significantly higher in patients with cerebellar arteriovenous malformations than in patients with primary epilepsy. The ratio of matrix metalloproteinase-9 to matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-1 was significantly higher in patients with hemorrhagic cerebellar arteriovenous malformations compared with those with non-hemorrhagic malformations. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-2 levels were not significantly changed. These findings indicate that an imbalance of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and matrix metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-I, resulting in a relative overabundance of matrix metalloproteinase-9, might be the underlying mechanism of hemorrhage of cerebellar arteriovenous malformations.

Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloprotease-1(TIMP-1)Regulates Adipogenesis of Adipose-derived Stem Cells(ASCs)via the Wnt Signaling Pathway in an MMP-independent Manner

Tissue inhibitor of m etalloprotease-1(TIM P-1)is a tissue inhibitor o f matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs).It however exerts multiple effects on biological processes,such as cell growth,proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis,in an MMP-independent manner.This study aimed to examine the role of TIMP-1 in adipogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs)and the underlying mechanism.We knocked down the TIMP-1 gene in ASCs through lentiviral vectors encoding TIMP-1 small interfering RNA(siRNA),and then found that the knockdown of TIMP-1 in ASCs promoted the adipogenic differentiation of stem cells and inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in ASCs.We also noted that mutant TIMP-1 without the inhibitory activity on MMPs promoted the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway as well as the recombinant wild type TIMP-1 did,which indicated that the effect of TIMP-1 on Wnt/β-catenin pathway was MMPindependent.Our study suggested that TIMP-1 negatively regulated the adipogenesis of ASCs via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in an MMP-independent manner.