Critical Human Rights and Liberal Legality： Struggling for ＂The Right to Have Communal Rights＂

Recent critical approaches on human rights have exalted the potentiality of this category for seeking progressive agendas （Santos 2007） insofar as they are enacted within counter-hegemonic cognitive frames （Rajagopal 2006） towards the construction of ＂subaltern human rights＂ （Onazi 2009）. Others,. however, have pointed out that the human rights institutional and political hegemony makes other valuable emancipatory strategies less available, and that this foregrounds problems of participation and procedure at the expense of distribution （Kennedy 2005）. Finally, others have explained how the abstractedness of the category entails a de-politicization （Rancière 2004; Zizek 2005; Douzinas 2007） or an emptiness that, of course, can be filled by progressive activism, but whose substance is easily reappropriated by those in power （Miéville 2005）. By engaging with the above-mentioned perspectives, and following the decolonial approach （Mignolo 2009; 2011）, I suggest that the category human rights can be decolonized and being used for progressive agendas only after a comprehensive critique of liberal legality （that entails a critique of liberal abstract rationality, political economy, and modernity/coloniality） has been performed.

The Opportunity and Challenge of the Development of Artificial Intelligence to Human Labor Liberation

With the development and application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,it has promoted the upgrading and development of the industry.However,AI also brings intangible impact to the actual survival of human beings.Stephen·Hawking,the renowned physicist,has repeatedly warned,making it all the more urgent to reflect on the negative effects of artificial intelligence.Therefore,the review of AI should consider from the perspective of historical development,scientifically explain its changes in the way of human labor and social life,as well as the great significance of such changes to the liberation of human labor.

Confucian Liberalism:Convergence Between the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Chinese Traditional Culture

As early as the 18th century,Confucian liberalism of considering others in one s own place was integrated into the provisions of freedom of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.In 1948,the Confucian idea of benevolence and other liberalism had an important influence on the drafting and content of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.The fulcrum of Confucian liberalism is self-discipline based on benevolence.The code of conduct created by Confucianism of"What you do not want done to yourself,do not do to others"has the social effect of safeguarding people’s negative freedom;the code of conduct of"while establishing himself and pursuing success,also works to establish others and enable them to succeed as well"has the social effect of safeguarding people s positive freedom.Confucian liberalism is social-oriented,which adheres to the unity of everyone’s freedom with the freedom of others,and the idea that individual freedom lies in the overall freedom of the social community.It is based on the conscience(benevolence)of the way of considering others in one’s own place and the practical path from the obligation to rights and freedoms are prominent features of traditional Chinese culture.It is consistent with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights’provision that everyone has duties to the community,and is similar to Marx’s philosophy that"the free development of every human being is the condition of the free development of all human beings",and is a unique system of liberal discourse that is different from Western liberalism.

Human Rights and Liberalization of Judicial and Legal System in Uzbekistan

I. Introduction Today＇s Uzbekistan with its 25 million populations geographically and politically presents the basis of Central Asia. One of the most ancient civilizations in the world was born in this region. The great Silk Road passed through its territory in the past. The history of my nation is deeply rooted in the centuries and counts more than 3,000 years. From the ancient times such cities as Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara, Khiva, Termez are well known in the world and their links were spread from China to Spain and from Europe to Indian Ocean.

New insights into store-independent Ca^(2+) entry: secretory pathway calcium ATPase 2 in normal physiology and cancer

Recent studies in secretory pathway calcium ATPases （SPCA） revealed novel functions of SPCA2 in interacting with store-operated Ca2＋ channel Oral I and inducing Ca2＋ influx at the cell surface. Importantly, SPCA2-mediated Ca2＋ signaling is uncoupled from its conventional role of Ca2＋-ATPase and independent of store-operated Ca2＋ signaling pathway. SPCA2-induced store-independent Ca2＋ entry （SICE） plays essential roles in many important physiological processes, while unbalanced SICE leads to enhanced cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Finally, we have summarized the clinical implication of SICE in oral cancer prognosis and treatment. Inhibition of SICE may be a new target for the development of cancer therapeutics.

The Politics of Human Perfection and the Politics of Human Imperfection： Chantal Mouffe versus Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens on European Inequalities

The title of this paper refers to Michael Oakeshott＇s distinction between the politics of faith and the politics of scepticism. The ＂faith＂ expresses a belief in the capacity of government to concentrate all the power and resources upon the project of human improvement and perfection, while the ＂scepticism＂ is the politics of the powerless in which government cannot produce perfection and enjoys only limited opportunity of directing the activities of its subjects. The aim of this article is to revise Oakeshott＇s distinction in order to apply it to the discussion on inequalities affecting Europe. This discussion held by Chantal Mouffe, Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens focused on issues such as： modern patterns of inequality, the coexistence of different ethnic, religious and political forms of life, ＂legitimization＂ of social inequalities, the institutionalization of norms of equality, the problem of recognition, the common identity and so on. The key question is： How the values of equality and justice are best realized in the structure of modern society？ To answer this question, it is necessary not only to assess critilically the authority of governments, but also to examine possible ways of development of the idea of liberal democracy and power relations in contemporary political socidtts. What is our perspective on the way to solve these problems--the reinvention of politics or democratizing democracy？ Even if this research will not help us to find the best political project, however we may be less often cheated in this discussion by irrelevant and ambiguous arguments.

Is a Human Right to Democracy Justifiable？

In this article, I examine the view that there is a human right to democracy, and consider why we should regard this issue as decisive in solving the problems of foreign interference in the protection of human rights. I also note that there has been almost no discussion about the holder of the human right to democracy, that is, who is to hold this right. After comparing John Rawls＇ argument against the human right to democracy and Thomas Christiano＇s argument for it and showing similarities and critical differences among their arguments, I insist that we ought to be sensitive when proclaiming that democracy--be it a minimally egalitarian democracy or a more exacting one--is a universal value. We have sufficient cause to consider carefully not only the political circumstances but also the political infrastructure of the country before we proceed to an even limited intervention in the name of the protection of a human right to democracy. If the human right to democracy is not just a right to vote, but a right to the whole process of establishment and enjoyment of democracy, it should be understood as a group right that pertains to a human population that legitimately claims political self-determination. Any human population that insists on the democratic self-determination of their political will is both able and entitled to establish and administer democratic institutions, regardless of the diversity of its ascribed or cultural characteristics. The establishment of such a group with a firm political identity should be considered as the political infrastructure to claim and exercise the human right to democracy.

Constructing China’s Human Rights Science:Cause,Cognition,and Paradigm

“China’s Human Rights Science”is undoubtedly a brand-new concept.Just as China has its own philosophy,literature,history,law,political science,and sociology,it should also have its own human rights science.China’s Human Rights Science refers to the cognitive science of human rights in China.Developing its disciplinary system,academic system,and discourse system,and constructing an independent Chinese human rights knowledge system,are essential requirements for promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese modernization and creating a new form of human civilization.China’s Human Rights Science originated in China,grew in China,and deepened through China’s human rights practices.China’s Human Rights Science adhere to the universality of human rights principles and possess distinctive characteristics.It works as the knowledge-based organization,academic refinement,and theoretical expression of the path of human rights development that conforms to the trend of the times and suits China’s national conditions,as pursued by the Communist Party of China in leading the people.China’s Human Rights Science can enrich and develop the theory of human rights civilization,and should become a global public product of human rights.

The Relationship between Economic Rights and Political Rights in Marx's Theory

According to the 'three-generation human rights' theory, 'the first generation of human rights', namely natural rights theory, emphasizes political rights, and 'the second generation of human rights', as the outcome of the international communist movement, emphasizes economic rights. However, if we deep analyze Marx's civil society-political state theory and his critique of natural rights theory, we can find that Marx's civil society-political state theory has two dimensions, where the two sets of human rights ranks are derived. Under the realistic condition, the economic rights indeed serve as the basis and aim of political rights while under the new idea of human rights—human liberation, political rights should be the most essential human rights.

Influence of Karl Marx's Concept of Human Rights on Development of International Human Rights Discourse and Its Enlightenment Thereon

The controversy between Karl Marx’s concept of human rights and the Western liberal concept of human rights has been a focus of the contest between Eastern and Western values for a long time.Based on historical materialism,Marxism exposes the incompleteness of the Western liberal concept of human rights in terms of human rights subjects,human rights objects and epistemology of human rights,and promotes gradual integration of norms of international human rights discourse,with international human rights instruments as a carrier,into pluralistic cultural perspectives.A review of such controversy and its influence on development of norms of international human rights discourse will be in the interest of China’s objective response to Western export of human rights(democracy) discourse for the time being,and expanding space for discourse on human rights practice with Chinese characteristics.

Women's Liberation during the Initial Stage of P. R. China: A Human Rights Perspective

The liberation of women is the historical process in which women have striven for gender equality, freedom from oppression, confinement and discrimination, and are becoming the masters of the society and their own destinies. According to the diversity in history and the state, the process can be divided into a serial of correlated phases, with each phase focusing on different issues. Sexism order in China had remained stable in the traditional society for centuries through a set of institutions. Women had believed in a sexual order and the rules of propriety, which advocated that men were superior to women. After the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949, women’s rights in politics, economy, society, and even family were recognized and secured by the Constitution and laws just as men’s during a short period. Women’s liberation in China has made a significant progress.

The Human Rights Legislation Practices of the Communist Party of China During the War of Liberation

During the War of Liberation,the liberated areas,under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,kept deepening and developing the concepts and ideas of protecting human rights,promulgated a series of human rights laws and related administrative programs,and put them into practice.The contents included not only the political rights of citizens but also their economic,social,and cultural rights,with emphasis on the protection of the rights to subsistence and development.The human rights legislation in the liberated areas has a wartime and class-based nature due to its social environment.It reflects the transition of the Communist Party of China from a revolutionary party to a ruling party on the historical stage.It played an important role in directing,advancing,and promoting the progress of democracy and the rule of law at that time and accumulated experience for the human rights legislation after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.History proves that the Communist Party of China has always been a political party dedicated to fighting for the human rights of the Chinese people,and only the Communist Party of China can lead China’s human rights development to a deeper level.

Measurement and significance of sperm morphology

The measurement or evaluation and clinical significance of human sperm morphology has always been and still is a controversial aspect of the semen analysis for the determination of a male＇s fertility potential. In this review the background of the development of the evaluation criteria for sperm morphology will be discussed. Aspects of criticism on the strict criteria definition and use of the criteria for sperm morphology evaluation will be discussed as well as possible reasons for the decline in normal sperm morphology values and how we can compromise for this phenomenon resulting in the very low normal reference value as published in the 2010 WHO manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen. One of the possible solutions may be to give more attention to a limited number of abnormal sperm morphology categories and the inclusion of sperm morphology patterns. It is concluded in this review that if done correctly and with care and with strict application of existing guidelines as outlined in the 2010 WHO manual, sperm morphology measurement still has a very important role to play in the clinical evaluation of male fertility potential.

The Basis of Human Rights in Early Ancient Greek Philosophy

There was no concept of human rights in ancient Greece, but in the depth of ancient Greek thought, we find the germination of human rights in the tradition of natural law In early Greek philosophy, the beginnings of human rights can be found According to the early thought of ancient Greece, humans experienced the liberation from the order of God and nature, and then, the sophists liberated human from the nature and turned the object of thinking to human Legal criticism, free will and self-aware individuals took the historical stage along with the Sophists.

试论服务我国人文社科自主知识体系构建的人文社科名词审定工作

服务人文社科自主知识体系构建的人文社科名词审定工作,应在理论上和实践上进行创新。理论创新包括基础理论创新和应用理论创新。在基础理论创新方面,从“自主”角度划分了名词术语类型,并以此为工具,分析人文社科名词审定工作及其和构建自主知识体系的关系。应用理论创新方面包括收词原则创新、定名原则创新、定义原则创新。实践创新是指创新审定、发布方式和引入人工智能。

Liberal Arts与Humanities的区别:概念史的考察

"博雅学艺"(liberal arts)与"文科"(humanities)是西方教育史上两个核心的概念。在中文学界,liberal arts常常被翻译为"人文学科"或"文科",这在一定程度上混淆了两者的关系。文艺复兴之后,liberal arts和humanities之间的区别越来越大,自始至终,liberal arts囊括了两种性质截然不同的知识,其一是体现敏感性精神的文法、修辞、诗歌,其二是体现几何学精神的算术、几何、天文学,等等,而自文艺复兴之后,人文学的概念已经将数学彻底排除在外。

青蒿酯钠抗人肝癌(BEL-7402)与诱导凋亡

应用体内外抑瘤实验、细胞形态学观察、流式细胞仪、Westernblot实验进行检测和观察，探讨青蒿酯钠抗肿瘤作用及机制。结果表明，青蒿酯钠对人肝癌有体内、外抗肿瘤作用；诱导人肝癌细胞凋亡，可能是其抗肿瘤作用机制之一；诱导体外人肝癌细胞凋亡通过P53非依赖性途径。

OBE背景下高校人文地理野外实习教学中自主探索能力培养探讨──以湖州人文地理野外实习为例

OBE教育理念要求充分发挥学生的主体作用,真正调动学生的学习潜能,而传统的实习方式制约着学生综合能力的提升。分析湖州实习基地特点与自主探索能力培养,探讨湖州人文地理野外实习前期、实习中期和实习后期的安排,深入阐述在各实习环节中培养学生的自主探索能力,并通过问卷调查和深度访谈反思学生自主探索能力的培养,以期进一步完善人文地理野外实习教学。

The Outsider Perspective: Classical Chinese Philosophy in the Narrative Framework of the European Enlightenment

The purpose of this article is to enhance the understanding of how Classical Chinese Philosophy has been interpreted and transferred by Enlightenment thinkers into the narrative framework of European philosophy as a far-reaching source of ideas and inspiration with a driving force for promoting modern European social change. We examine outsider perspectives within the context of Enlightenment thinking that contributed to advances in the cross-cultural understanding of how Chinese stories could be disseminated in the framework of East-West dialogue.