Factors That Affect Consumption Patterns and Market Demands for Honey in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Despite the significant annual consumption of honey in Saudi Arabia, information gaps remain with regard to the marketing and market structure of honey along the value chain. This study analyzed the major factors that influenced the consumption, expenditure patterns, and demand of honey in Saudi Arabia. This study forecasted the near-future expected market demands for honey in Saudi Arabia by collecting and analyzing the primary data using questionnaires. A total of 331 respondents from representative regions and large cities were randomly selected and interviewed. The data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods as well as appropriate econometric models. Respondents characterized honey quality using organoleptic words, and these characterizations varied based on the relative significance of perception parameters. Taste, aroma, physical state, and color had aggregated average scores of 4.58, 4.44, 3.54, and 3.28, respectively. In addition to the above parameters, honey source, brand name, and confidence in the producers influenced its perceived quality. The major outlets for honey in Saudi Arabia included producers, specialized honey stores, and auction markets in major cities during the harvesting seasons. Medication, food, and sweetening were the major motivations for buying honey in the Saudi market, with aggregate scores of 4.52, 3.71, and 1.52, respectively. Significant honey price variations were observed within and among different honeys and packaging volumes;this finding might be due to factors such as botanical and geographical origins, package volume size economics (i.e., bulk purchases), honey variety blending, brand names, and producer policies. The average price of locally produced honey was approximately $73 per kg, which is 10 times more than the average price of honey in the US and the EU. The estimated consumption/income elasticity was 0.27. These results suggest that honey is a basic commodity in Saudi Arabia. Based on econometric model forecasts, the Saudi market demand for honey is expected to reach approximately 29,784 tons in 2025.

TRANSFORM THE MECHANISM OF RENMINBI’S EXCHANGE RATE SYSTEM IN CONFORMITY WITH THE DEMAND OF MARKET ECONOMY——The academic report delivered at the Annual Meeting of NNCIFS on October 1993

Exchange rate functions under systems of centrallyplanned economy and market economy are quite different,and the mechanism to determine such exchange rate is alsodifferent. To adopt a socialist market economic system inChina, the exchange rate mechanism of Renminbi must bethoroughly transformed. To accomplish this goal, I believethere are three problems that must be solved: first,

Spillover and quantile linkage between oil price shocks and stock returns: new evidence from G7 countries

The link between crude oil price and stock returns of the Group of Seven(G7)countries(Canada,France,Germany,Italy,Japan,the United Kingdom,and the United States)was analyzed in this study using monthly data from January 1999 to March 2020.We adopt a similar approach to Kilian(Am Econ Rev 99(3):1053–1069,2009)and construct a structural vector autoregression framework to decompose crude oil price shocks into oil supply shock,oil aggregate demand shock,and oil-specific demand shock.We then explore the distinct effects of different kinds of oil price shocks from various sources.Based on the decomposed oil price shocks,we apply the connectedness approach and QQ regression to find time-varying co-movements and tail dependence between oil price shocks and G7 stock returns.There is no general correlation between the decomposed oil prices and stock returns in these countries.The effects of oil price shocks on stock returns across different stock market conditions appear to be heterogeneous.Oil supply shock appears to be a net transmitter of spillover effects for all G7 countries within the sample period.

The demand for airlaid textile is expected to grow in the coming years

Global demand for the Airlaid Textile Market is expected to reach a market valuation of US$0.5 Billion by the end of the year 2023,accelerating at a CAGR of 5.5%over the forecast period(2023 to 2033).Airlaid Textiles are a class of organic compounds that contain a ketone functional group within a cyclic structure.They have a wide range of applications in various industries,including pharmaceuticals,flavors and fragrances,and polymer production.

Study on demand features of domestic tourist market in China

This paper analyzes the demands of national tourism in China. They are respectively the upraise of national tourism, the rapid increase of tourist scale, the strength with the leadership of government, the combination of marketing, the variety of behavior, regional consumption and the relationship with economic income as well as the guide of leisure time.

How to Develop Farmhouse Based on Market Demand?

With the constant increase and updating of market demand,the development of farmhouse in rural tourism is in urgent need of innovation and breakthrough,and the transformation of farmhouse development model becomes the primary task to solve the development problem of the farmhouse. Based on the occupation and age structure,the farmhouse tourists are divided into five types,and three applicable development models are proposed after analyzing the market demand of different types of tourists,in order to provide a reference for the development of farmhouse.

Study of the relationship between average prices of residential properties and selected economic factors in the years 2000-2002 in Szczecin

The article presents the development unemployment and interest rates against the average of important economic variables such as GDP dynamics, transaction prices in one of the local property markets in Poland in the years 2000-2002. The strength, direction and time delay of the relationships between these variables and transaction prices have been considered during the only period of decline in property prices in the years 2000-2002. The specified relationships have been described using linear regression equations.

Assessment of the Methodology for Studying the Pricing Mechanism in the Transition Time of the Ukrainian Electricity Sector to the Free Market Principles

Electricity Market Act№2019-VIII passed in 2017 by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine enacts in July 2019 and causes the transition of this segment of the economy to the free market principles.The implementation of this Act is perceived ambiguous.Many experts criticize this Act,which have numerous risks,especially pricing risks.In order to better understand the implications of the enactment of the adopted Act,a study was carried out on the methodology of the pricing mechanism in the retail segment of the electricity market based on the Demand Side Management(DSM)approach.In the study,one of the varieties of DSM models was used–a dynamic demand-supply model for describing the pricing mechanism and short-term forecast of retail prices.Test and comparative analysis were conducted.The last one based on possibilities of short-term forecasting of prices of DSM model with the well-known Holt-Winters method.For testing were set historical data on electricity prices in England and Wales,during the transition period from a model similar to the current model of the Ukrainian electricity market.

China's Auto Market Demand Potential

In the 1980s, China’s auto market saw three dramatic fluctuations. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the market, as a whole, has become calm and stable without any major changes, though it has never evaded occasional rises and fails. The pattern of demand on the market has been generally set and clear, and has begun to grow steadily. In view of the present situation, two major categories of vehicles—office-use and business or service use cars and trucks—have long been in demand on the market, almost dominat-

Market Analyses on Both Ends of "Power from West to East" from Northwest Region (Excerption)

This paper analyzes the power markets both in northwest sending end and, east receiving ends, points out the favorable and unfavorable conditions for power development In, the northwest area, brings forward,the development planning of power sources and power network constructions, and presents the benefit estimation of sending power from northwest to east.

Effect of Population Factors on China＇s Housing Market

The population factors have an important influence on the housing market. Based on forecasting the change of population quantity, family size, age composition, and population migration, this paper estimates and analyzes the future demand for residence in China and its purpose is to provide a guide for the residential construction by the supply-demand rule.

Analysis on China Cotton Market

China is the world＇s largest cotton producer and consumer and its domestic cotton demand and supply have a great influence on the world market. This paper firstly gives a discussion on Chinese cotton market, especially from a viewpoint of history to study domestic market price fluctuation. The cotton market history from E R. China＇s setting up to present has been divided into four stages and characterized as different agricultural policies applications and economic periodicities. Concluding from the history, artificial influences may be the most important reason of market inequilibrium, up to now, market and artificial interruption, are also the key problem. Then it takes domestic cotton demand as a study object, trying to find what will be a statistic significant cotton demand in national level and it＇s underneath demand frame. Through a seres of analysis on the demand frame, problems have been clearly displayed, an open microeconomic circulation supports our study and six variables had been described by statistics. Therefore, we can analyze the cases of real cotton demand that includes supply and demand reactions in China with experience and estimations. Otherwise, international cotton market is greatly interacted with Chinese domestic market more and more today. Some necessary analysis, such as international cotton supply and demand, Chinese cotton stock policy and world price long run tendency, are very important factors for Chinese cotton development. Those may concern Chinese access to WTO, cotton trade quota and tariff, welfare comparison, etc., all have been discussed in the paper.

应对WTO,做优做强我国电解铝工业

面对我国加入WTO的新形势,分析了我国电解铝工业发展及生产与消费的现状,针对我国电解铝工业当前存在的问题和各种疑虑,提出了做优做强我国铝工业的思路和建议。

我国BtoC网络营销的市场需求趋势分析

相对于对传统营销的局部替代特征而言,网络营销是传统营销的竞争者。就BtoC方式而言,我国网络市场正处于聚合期,网上消费者人数少,购买欲望低,购买力低,购买商品品种集中度高。当前开展网上Btoc营销的主要任务是消费方式的引导,消费习惯的培养。

From Keynes to Friedman： Monetary Policy of 20th

Research question includes affect of monetary policy on product＇s demand. Monetary policy may increase demands in markets for firm＇s products. Assumption of study is that markets need money for demand. It is figured as market theory. Research topic explores theory of market and world money concept. It aims to use world money in market theory. This study adopts case exploration of Keynes, Friedman, and Fisher. This study is based on their figures. This study defends that world money is applied in global economy by quantity of global GDP. It is 60 trillion dollars, and 10% of that amount may become world money. Result of this study is that world money concept is applied through Fisher＇s quantity theory in world economy. Major conclusion is that markets need money to increase demand, aligned with market theory, and world money supplies money for markets.

Supply and demand subject behavior of building energy efficiency in market fostering

Consumers and developers are the market transaction subjects which drive the development of building energy efficiency market. High energy prices, unreasonable heating system, information asymmetry of building energy suppress demand of energy efficiency construction; high technical risk and construction cost, nonstandard market restrict the supply of energy efficiency construction. To promote the development of building energy efficiency, we must set up effective incentive policies for both sides of the market transaction, improve the supervisory system, promote the technological progress, build the information sharing platform, so as to achieve the purpose of cultivating and improving the building energy efficiency market system, regulating the behavior of supply and demand subject, building the mutually beneficial and cooperative partnership, and realizing the balance of interests.

The Development of Costing Systems： A Historical Perspective

The paper studies the historical development of costing systems. The changes of costing systems are proposed to be caused by the changes in product market, production technology and demand for control. The result of this research provides historical evidence to support the proposition.

Overview of the Consumer Behavior Study in the Markets of Food Products(1998-2018),Based on the Author’s Interpretation of the Consumer's Requirements in the System of Values that Influence on the Consumer Market Behavior

The purpose of this study was to review the results of a 20-year study in the author’s interpretation of the needs for food products and the value system that determines the market behavior of consumers in the food markets.The scientific novelty of the research is the following results:a)The author’s interpretation of the needs for food products,as consisting of three components:(1)The actual need for food(physiological need);(2)the need for emotions obtained from eating(psychological need);and(3)the need for market products that can meet the physiological needs of emotional expectations and social needs(socio-psychological and economic need);b)Interdisciplinary approach to the study of consumer behavior that led to the author’s interpretation of the value of the research methods outlined in the works of J.N.Sheth et al.,extended and supplemented in the study of Galina V.Astratova(1998);c)Identification of the fact that the importance of components in the system of values,according to the results of research,is different for different food products.This allows simulating more clearly the behavior of the consumer in the development of a marketing-mix and developing a marketing strategy based on targeting.

Methodology for Obtaining Electricity-Price Patterns in Customer Response Programs

The main objective of electricity regulators when establishing electricity markets is to decrease the cost of electricity through competition. However, this scenario cannot be achieved without a full participation of the electricity demand by reacting against electricity prices. The aim of this research is to develop tools for helping customers and aggregators to join price and demand response programs, while helping them to hedge against the risk of short-term price volatility. In this way, the capacity of and hybrid methodology （Self-Organizing Maps and Statistical Ward＇s Linkage） to classify high electricity market prices is analysed. Besides, with the help of Non-Parametric Estimation, some price-patterns were found in the abovementioned clusters. The contained knowledge within these patterns supplies customer market-based information on which to base its energy use decisions. The interest for this participation of customers in markets is growing in developed countries to obtain a higher elasticity in demand. Results show the capability of this approach to improve data management and select coherent policies to accomplish cleared demand offers amongst different price scenarios in a more flexible way.

计及成本和价值的长周期负荷侧调节能力投入策略

随着新型电力系统的发展,负荷侧调节能力建设日益受到关注,对于负荷侧调节能力成本、价值及其投入策略的研究,具有重要意义。基于近10 a来中国电力工业发展的基础数据,结合新型电力系统发展态势,分析了负荷侧调节能力需求的背景,通过对发用电两侧调节能力特点的比较,从电力系统整体角度梳理了负荷侧调节能力的投入所带来的增量价值,分析了负荷侧调节能力的应用价值盈余,进一步结合具体需求提出了3种长周期下负荷侧调节能力投入的优化策略模型,并进行了算例分析。结果显示:负荷侧调节能力的投入有利于降低电力系统的总成本、增加系统调节能力,但是由于其成本曲线的变化以及“非持久特性”等因素,其投入策略需要综合长周期市场发展需求和发用电两侧成本因素进行权衡,所提出的3种优化模型各有其适用场景。