Assessing the Real Value of Farmland in China

The preservation of farmland is a growing concern in China because the fact that China possesses limited land resources and the world's largest population presents a clear contradiction. Only when the value of farmland is fully appreciated in commercial markets can farmland preservation be effectively achieved. The current study constructed a model to evaluate the economic, social, and ecological value of farmland in China according to the connotation of values. As a case study, the value of Chinese farmland was estimated in 1999, 2002, 2005, 2008, and 2011 using the established model. Although the amount of farmland was greatly reduced from 1999 to 2011 due to constructive occupation, agricultural restructuring, ecological restoration, and disaster destruction, the value of this farmland increased from 220.71×1012 to 736.26×1012 RMB Yuan as a result of the multifunctional nature and scarcity of farmland during the same period. The potential value of farmland in China was huge, but the value in the market was greatly underestimated, especially in regard to its social and ecological value. This study proposes a new method that integrates the discounted value of all future services provided by a natural resource(for the society and individuals) to evaluate the resource assets, provides a scientific foundation for the preservation and operation of farmland assets, and explores ways to increase farmers' property income.

Relative efficacy of heartwood extracts and proprietory wood preservatives as wood protectants

The relative potentials of either heartwood extracts (air dry extracts in 60 percent methanol) of very durable woods (Afzelia africana J.E. Smith; Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill & Perr.) Brenam. Syn. E guinensis G.Don. or Milicia excelsa (Welw) C.C. Berg. Syn. Chlorophora excelsa (Welw) Benth.) or any of two proprietary wood preservatives (AWPA type 揅? Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) or 5 percent solution of AWPA Standard Designation P ??type 揅? Pentanchlorophenol (Penta) in light oil solvent) to suppress attack on pressure treated Antiaris toxicaria Lesch Sapwood by either any of three species of decaying fungi (Coridopsis Polyzona Klotzch; Lenzites trabea; or Trametes cingulata Fr.) under soil block exposure conditions were investigated and threshold values determined. Extract/preservative dosages were either 8.009; 24.778; 48.056; 96.111 or 144.167 kg穖-3 (0.5; 1.5; 3.0; 6.0 or 9.0 1b/ft3). Exposure was for either 14 or 28 weeks and in accordance with ASTM D1413 72 Provisions. Conclusions reached were that at threshold values the ability of either any of the heartwood extracts or proprietary wood preservatives to suppress attack under conditions in this study was significant at 0.01. Relative efficacy of those biocides was dependent on fungal species. Neither any of the heartwood extracts nor any of the proprietary wood preservatives (except in the case of Trametes cingulata attack on CCA treated wood at highest retention level) was able to confer 搗ery durable?rating on treated wood. Possible reasons for the reduced relative durability of extracts visa vis native heartwood were advanced. At the highest retention level (144.167 kg穖-3) there was no significant difference (at 0.05 level) between efficacy of each of the heartwood extracts and any of the proprietary wood preservatives (CCA or Penta).

Analysis on preserving or increasing the value of social security funds under the new normal economy in China

The ＂new normal＂ is the current stage of development of China＇s economy. The ＂new＂ in new normal means different to past; the ＂normal＂ means relatively stable. For a period of time in the future, the decrease of potential growth rate has become an indisputable fact. Social security fund is an important source of funds for the protection of people＇s livelihood, whose every movement often attract much attention. Under the situation of new normal economy, how to ensure the preserving or increasing value of social security funds on the premise of security is the core task in the operations management of social security fund investment. At present, there are some difficulties in the development of the social security funds, such as the management system and operation mechanism are not perfect, some institutional measures have not been fully implemented and the progress of the law and regulations is slow. In this paper, we will put forward some corresponding improvement measures, such as expand the scope of social security fund investment, accelerate the implementation of the nominal account system and strengthen the actuarial management of social security fund.

Theoretical Viewpoint on Value-increasing of Circular Economy——Study Based on the Practice of Circular Agriculture

"3R" principle circular economy emphasizes the technical operation level,while the theoretical viewpoint on value-increasing of circular economy makes deep analysis based on environmental economics. The viewpoint takes for that the evaluation of any circular economic model should consider both the economic value and externalities. If the material units unattached to products in the economic system are circulated with value-increasing as more as possible,more value can be created with lower consumption of resources. The essential principle of circular economy is that the material units within an economic system should go through the multiple production to be circulated with value-increasing,the main purpose of circular economy is that the material units shouldn't attach to waste going out of the system as much as possible in order to reduce pollution emissions,the economic mechanism of circular economy is that the economic value chain should be used to pull the material units of the system to achieve smooth circulation.

The Value of Social Security Fund Research

The social security fund investment operations of the social security system of a country or even the whole economy has a very important role in recent years, although China＇s social security fund management has made great progress, but China＇s social security fund investment operations in increasing the value of the pursuit of this goal, while also facing tremendous pressure. After years of practice of reform, China＇s old-age, unemployment and medical insurance and minimum living focused on the social security system has taken shape, but also the corresponding social security fund was established. Part of the problems of social security funds and other investment operations are increasingly apparent. How to achieve the social security fund is necessary to ensure payment, but also realize the accumulation, it is necessary to increase the value, but also to avoid risks, it has become an urgent task of China＇s reform and development. Social Security Fund Investment Management became the central task of the Social Security System.

Hurun Most Valuable Chinese Brands Witnessed Chinese Brand Value Increasing

On September 17,2015,the Hurun Institute released the Hurun Most Valuable Chinese Brands 2015,a comprehensive ranking of the 200 most valuable home-grown China's Mainland brands.This is the tenth consecutive year of the list.'Whilst most Chinese brands remain unknown to the

基于多尺度价值链接的城市遗产统筹保护与文化空间系统组构

基于人本价值视角,将遗产对象视为历史文化传承的场域空间,从城市与城区、片区与地段、建筑与场所三重空间尺度,提出城市遗产统筹保护与文化空间系统组构方法。以孤岛文化空间历史价值链接、历史文化空间当代价值链接、小微文化空间价值媒介链接3种价值链接机制为底层逻辑,建立城区遗产同源要素统筹、地段遗产文化生境统筹、建筑遗产价值媒介统筹3种要素统筹模式,以及城市文化空间网络建构、地段文化空间功能组织、建筑文化空间场景营造3种空间组构方案,以期突破传统遗产保护理论在遗产价值认知、价值链接和要素统筹方面的瓶颈,为我国城市遗产保护活化和价值传承实践提供参考。

北京八达岭林场人工林生态服务功能评估

人工林生态服务功能评估是应用生态学领域研究的热点,也是数字生态和林业高质量发展的需求.本文以北京市八达岭林场人工林生态系统(混交林、针叶林、阔叶林)和天然灌木林为研究对象,以北京市森林资源规划设计调查资料(2004、2009、2014年)和八达岭林场碳通量实时监测为基础数据源,通过野外调查及典型样方观测,开展人工林生态服务功能评价,旨在探究森林生态系统结构优化和功能提升的森林经营建议.结果表明:1)2004−2014年八达岭林场针叶林和灌木林面积增长率分别为40.48%和3.32%,而阔叶林和混交林分别减少46.33%和3.57%,林场仍以混交林(703 hm^(2))和灌木林(1182 hm^(2))为主.2)2004−2014年阔叶林中椴树逐渐成为主要树种,2014年涵养水源量较2009年提高了1.55倍.油松作为混交林的优势树种,其涵养水源实物量2014年较2004年提高了67%.灌木林在2014年出现了较大幅度增加,涵养水源实物量较2004年提高了1倍左右,其价值量也相应增加.固碳、释氧、提供负氧离子、滞尘和吸收污染物等调节服务功能及其价值均表现为混交林最高,针叶林次之,阔叶林最低(P>0.05);各林分服务功能价值量与功能实物量变化趋势相同,灌木林固土和保肥功能优于其余3种林分,混交林和针叶林营养物质累积量和生物多样性优于阔叶林.3)2004−2014年保育土壤(92.91%)、生物多样性保护(4.33%)及涵养水源功能(2.33%)对人工林生态服务功能的贡献率大于固碳释氧(0.37%)、森林防护(0.04%)和净化大气环境(0.02%)功能,其中混交林和针叶林对人工林生态服务功能贡献大于阔叶林和灌木林.由此可见,林分类型和林分面积是影响人工林生态服务功能强弱的主要决定因素.八达岭人工林经营应持续保持保育土壤功能,在保证生物多样性的情况下,应注重固碳增汇功能,建议将现有林分多调整为混交林和灌木林,营造“异龄、复层”的理想人工林生态系统,逐渐提高北京八达岭人工林生态服务功能.

基于鲜切苹果保鲜的可食性复合保鲜膜配方优化

以海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、壳聚糖为主要原料制备可食性复合保鲜膜。由单因素实验制得复合膜,根据复合膜的性能及其对鲜切苹果的保鲜效果获得最优的单因素。在此基础上,应用响应面法优化复合膜的工艺组合并验证其保鲜效果。结果表明,经响应面法优化后的复合膜主要原料配方为:壳聚糖添加量0.98 g,海藻酸钠添加量1.55 g,羧甲基纤维素钠添加量1.31 g。应用该复合保鲜膜进行鲜切苹果保鲜,得到处理样品的色差a值5.95、DPPH自由基清除率35.27%、ABTS自由基清除率34.43%,而对照样品的a值9.10、DPPH自由基清除率21.31%、ABTS自由基清除率27.62%。该可食性复合保鲜膜具有良好的保鲜效果,为生态复合保鲜膜的研发与果蔬保鲜提供参考。

张仲景健康养生思想及其时代价值

体卫融合深入发展需要借鉴中医传统健康养生智慧,但相对于张仲景的医学治疗思想,学界对张仲景的健康养生思想关注极少。体卫融合下,特别应该从体育视角梳理张仲景健康养生思想及其时代价值。采用文献资料法、实地调查法等,梳理出张仲景饮食养生、运动养生、顺天时养生、御邪气养生、女性养生、舒情养生、守法养生和仁爱养生8个方面的健康养生认识及方法,并表征了“以人民为中心”“健康方案个性化”和“大健康”的健康养生核心理念。

新型农业经营主体的增收效应及其路径研究

提高新型农业经营主体的增收效应可有效助推乡村产业振兴和共同富裕目标的实现。文章深入剖析新型农业主体增收效应的理论逻辑,通过对其条件因素进行判断分析,运用多值集定性比较分析(MVQCA)方法,分析新型农业经营主体的增收效应及其具体路径条件。研究显示,经营主体类型、经营主体及其负责人的能力资本这类内生因素和政府扶持政策、市场有效配置、普惠金融发展这类外生因素共同影响着新型农业经营主体的增收效应。其中,新型农业经营主体及其负责人能力资本强弱与新型农业经营主体增收的强效应和弱效应呈对应同方向发展。政府扶持政策、市场有效配置和普惠金融发展强弱与新型农业经营主体增收强、弱效应均呈对应同方向发展。

基于同态加密的隐私保护主成分分析方法

在现实生活中,不同的行业之间,甚至同行业不同部门之间的数据并不互通,随着计算机算力的提升,制约模型训练效果的不是算力而是数据量。因此,想要得到更好的算法模型,仅靠某一方的数据是不够的,需要两方或者多方的参与,这就要求对各方的数据进行隐私保护。除此之外,随着收集的数据越来越详细,数据的维数也越来越大。面对高维的数据,数据降维是不可缺少的环节,而在数据降维方面,主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)是常用的手段。当拥有数据的两方想要合作进行隐私保护的数据降维时,同态加密技术是一种解决办法。同态加密技术可以在保护数据隐私的前提下对加密数据进行计算,可以用在加密数据的PCA上。针对上述应用场景,利用CKKS同态加密方案,通过幂法迭代的SVD技术设计了一种两方加密数据进行PCA的方案,在保护两方数据隐私的前提下实现数据降维的目的;通过改进传统幂法迭代步骤,避免了代价高昂的同态密文除法运算,使得在选取较小的加密参数时,也能支持更多的幂法迭代次数,从而在缩短同态计算时间的同时提高计算精度。在公共数据集上进行测试,并与现有方案进行对比,该方案在计算耗时上缩短了约80%,与明文计算结果的均方误差缩减到1%以内。

通过国际商务运作和资本运营优化海外成熟油气资产结构

中国石油实施“走出去”战略30年来,经营海外油气资产的规模实力、质量效益和综合影响力都得到了显著提高。随着海外油气资产规模的不断扩大,很多早期获得的区块已经进入资产生命周期的中后期成熟运营阶段。本文总结中后期海外成熟油气资产现状特点,分析通过有效的国际商务运作和资本运营使中后期海外成熟油气资产保持资产价值的必要性和可行性。可根据海外项目资本运营优势,发掘具有合作协同效应的潜在买家,针对性加强国际商务合作和资本运营力度,实现中国石油海外油气资产保值增值的目标。

高值果蔬采后保鲜技术研究进展

高值果蔬具有较高营养价值、经济价值和市场需求,但其在采收及贮运环节极易出现褐变和腐烂等损耗的情况,导致商品价值降低,影响产业健康发展。同时,随着人们对食品安全问题的普遍关注,研究和开发高效、安全、环保的高值果蔬保鲜技术具有重要意义。综述了国内外高值果蔬保鲜技术研究进展,根据近年研究热点,重点介绍了气调保鲜、纳米保鲜、1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理、褪黑素处理、拮抗菌保鲜、天然提取物保鲜、基因工程保鲜技术的作用机制及在几种高值果蔬上的应用效果,分析了各种保鲜技术的优缺点和存在的问题,并提出未来高值果蔬保鲜技术研究的发展方向和应用前景,以期为高值果蔬保鲜新技术的研究和开发提供借鉴与参考。

高钛高强钢钛含量精准控制研究

对高钛高强钢的冶炼流程进行了分析,针对存在的问题进行了理论与实践相结合的研究,制定相应的改进措施。通过控制真空室内的氧和钢液中的氧含量,提高高钛钢铸机成品目标值w(Ti)±0.005%合格率。

珠江口盆地HZ26区文昌组储层特征及成因机制

珠江口盆地惠州凹陷油气资源丰富,文昌组勘探主要受限于储层。以惠州凹陷HZ26区文昌组砂岩储层为研究对象,采用薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、包裹体测温等手段,对储层特征、增孔保孔机制、成岩成储过程展开研究。结果表明:①文昌组以岩屑砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩储层为主,粒间普遍含凝灰质杂基,文昌组储层整体表现为低孔、低渗。②早成岩A期大气淡水溶蚀作用和早成岩B期—中成岩A期有机酸溶蚀作用是储层最主要的增孔机制,早成岩阶段沉淀的嵌晶式浊沸石可以有效抵御压实作用从而保护粒间孔隙,早期油气充注也可以通过抑制胶结作用而保护粒间孔隙。③文昌组WC41、WC42、WC43砂层组的成岩成储过程具有明显差异。WC41砂层组原生孔发育带整体杂基含量少,成岩演化过程简单,油气沿断层处运移,在上覆不整合遮挡下形成油气藏;WC42砂层组广泛分布凝灰质杂基,凝灰质蚀变作用普遍发育,沉淀出可以提高岩石抗压性的致密胶结浊沸石,浊沸石被酸溶解后,提供大量粒间溶蚀孔,浊沸石溶解带是研究区油气聚集的另一有利场所;WC43砂层组远火山口端的富泥质杂基带和近火山口端的火山角砾堆积带均遭受强烈压实作用,储集性能差。本项研究成果可为HZ26区文昌组油气勘探决策提供参考。

科学数据价值鉴定策略研究

科学数据归档是实现科学数据集中管控和共享服务的基础,但目前处于起步阶段,归档范围和保管期限等价值鉴定难题尚未得以解决。文章在系统梳理国内外科学数据价值鉴定相关文献资料的基础上,构建由前置条件(档案属性)、核心要素(档案价值)、辅助要素组成的科学数据鉴定标准体系;提出科学数据价值鉴定方法论,采用负面清单与风险审查相结合的方法界定归档范围,综合运用宏观鉴定法和直接鉴定法识别需要永久保存的科学数据。

早期股骨头坏死采用改良髓芯减压植骨术结合多孔钽棒材料治疗的可行性分析

目的探讨对早期股骨头坏死(ONFH)患者采用改良髓芯减压植骨术结合多孔钽棒材料治疗的可行性。方法选取2021年1月至2022年10月空军军医大学第一附属医院收治的72例(72髋)早期ONFH患者作为研究对象。采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各36例。对照组给予常规髓芯减压植骨术治疗,观察组给予改良髓芯减压植骨术结合多孔钽棒材料治疗。对比2组围手术期指标,术前及术后6个月疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、Fugl-Meyer平衡量表(FMA)评分、Harris髋关节功能评分,髋关节活动度,临床疗效,以及术后并发症发生情况。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间短于/少于对照组[(51±17)min比(62±15)min、(103±26)ml比(135±36)ml、(11.5±1.6)周比(13.2±2.6)周],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。术后6个月观察组VAS评分低于对照组,FMA评分、Harris髋关节功能评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。术后6个月2组髋关节外旋、内旋、外展、内收、后伸、前屈角度均大于术前,且观察组均大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组临床疗效优良率高于对照组[97.2%(35/36)比80.6%(29/36)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.063,P=0.024)。观察组和对照组并发症总发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论改良髓芯减压植骨术结合多孔钽棒材料治疗早期ONFH可行。该方法安全性高且操作简便,能够有效减轻早期ONFH患者髋膝部疼痛,改善髋关节活动度与平衡能力。

工业遗产建筑的时代适应性发展——以泉州源和堂饮料车间为例

在工业遗产的价值体系中,适应性发展与保护是当前研究的主要方向。而工业遗产的历史基因属性,即独特性和普遍性方面,对适应性发展方向产生重要影响。工业遗产场所的物质与非物质关系梳理,需要通过历史文献、访谈等方法调查,并在此基础上界定相关价值,以分析其在时代变化中需要主动适应的社会要素内容。文章以源和堂工业遗产研究为案例,探索在保护工业遗产的同时,实现其当代价值转化和适应性发展。

储备土地资产价值实现机制探索

自然资源资产管理体制背景下,建立健全储备土地资产价值实现机制,是完善储备土地资产管理体制的重要内容,也是贯彻“两统一”职责定位,落实自然资源产权制度改革的关键举措。储备土地资产价值是经济价值、社会价值和生态价值的统一体,研究通过分析储备土地资产价值体系构成和价值实现内涵,尝试从“价值发现—价值创造—价值评估—价值实现—价值保护”链条构建储备土地资产价值实现机制,为土地储备政策制定、土地储备规划和计划编制工作、土地储备业务管理工作提供思路和方法。