Rebuilding and Integration of Rural Governance System Based on the Combination of Self-governance,Rule of Law and Rule of Virtue

The proposal that"the rural governance system based on the combination of self-governance,rule of law and rule of virtue should be completed"was put forward in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.There are many challenges for the development and difficulties for the governance of rural social transformation in the new era,so"the combination of self-governance,rule of law and rule of virtue"is realistically essential,having the objective inevitability and practical possibility.The fundamental and central role of the villagers'self-governance should be brought into full play to construct"the rural governance system based on the combination of self-govermance,rule of law and rule of virtue"under the guidance of the spirit of the 19th National Congress ofthe Communist Party of China,by taking the rule of law as the legal assurance and rule of virtue as the social affection support,managing to complete and optimize the rural governance system,realize the good and right governance in the rural society,boost the modernization construction process of the national governance ability,and realize the great objective of comprehensive rural vitalization of the"stability of the rural areas,development of the agriculture and happiness of the farmers".

Combining the Rule of Law with the Rule of Morality——General Secretary Xi Jinping's Important Discourse on the Relationship Between the Rule of Law and Rule by Virtue

Key points:Throughout the ages,rule of law has been an indispensable means of governing a state.However,as General Secretary Xi Jinping has pointed out,it is not enough to govern a state by the rule of law

Women’s Councils:A Practical Exploration on the Construction of Democracy, Autonomy and the Rule of Law at the Grassroots Level

The women’s councils are an innovation advocated by the All-China women’s federation for women’s participation in social management and grassroots democracy.They are a beneficial exploration for women to participate in public affairs according to the law in accordance with Article 2 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China,and are a model of"the combination of autonomy,rule of law and rule of virtue."The women’s councils have aroused the enthusiasm of women to participate in public affairs,stimulated their autonomous vitality and creativity,and helped to solve the problems of women’s lack of representation and voice in decision-making.The process of deliberation is also the process of developing the awareness of rights,rules,consultation ability,the concept of the rule of law and even thinking about the rule of law.The women’s councils not only help to protect the rights and interests of women and children and promote women’s development,but also has unique value in enriching grassroots consultative democracy,developing grassroots mass autonomy,building a society ruled by law and promoting the implementation of the Constitution.we should therefore fully affirm,support and perfect the women’s councils so as to make it long-term,standardized and institutionalized.

Investigating the Legitimacy of the Plight and Countermeasures of Enterprise System Under the Current Legal Framework

Enterprise regulations and rules play a major role in corporate governance.However,in recent years,a large number of enterprise regulations and rules were illegal and were thus annulled by the court,and enterprises bear related liability to pay compensations.The author analyzed and discussed the predicament of legitimacy in enterprise rules and regulations step by step in three aspects including the legal connotation of enterprise rules and regulations,legitimacy dilemma in the enterprise rules and regulations,measures should be taken by enterprises under the current law framework.The paper aims to provide ideas and thoughts for Chinese enterprises to overcome the legitimacy dilemma of enterprise rules and regulations and give full play to their important roles in corporation governance.

WTO国有企业相关问题:局限、趋势及对策

国有经济已经成为世界经济的重要组成部分,在全球范围内形成了不容小觑的竞争力量。为避免国有企业利用自身优势扭曲国际贸易,世界贸易组织采取“利益接受者”与“利益提供者”两种范式对国有企业相关问题作出规定,形成国有企业的基本规则框架,但相应规则存在适用范围有限、约束色彩较弱及界定标准不清等缺陷,为确保国有企业公平贸易及合规经营带来法律障碍。新一代国际经贸相关规则以竞争中立原则为导向,具有扩展国有企业非歧视义务、强化商业考虑要求及透明度要求、发展非商业援助条款及确立例外与过渡条款的趋势,一定程度上反映了多边贸易体系关于国有企业问题的改革方向。中国应以相应趋势为导向,通过参与国有企业规则谈判、争取例外与过渡条款、深化国有企业混合所有制改革及完善国有企业信息披露义务等方法,应对国有企业规则变革。

Exploration and Understanding of Manufacturing Networks:From Manufacturing Centres Towards Global Inter-firm Relationships

The boundaries of manufacturing system have been ex te nded from factory to the international manufacturing network, supply network, va lue network and virtual network in recent decades, driven by intensified competi tion, fragmented market, globalised collaboration, and advanced technology. However, as the manufacturing system evolves into more and more complicated net work relationship, the fundamental concepts of manufacturing strategy focusing o n a product family and bridging its market, competition and factory system have rarely been adapted to face new challenges from extended system, although the st rategy formation processes are widely discussed from both perspectives in terms of top-down and bottom-up. Coming into the new economy, as manufacturing industry and system have changed their role in both company and society, manufac turing, especially physical fabrications and assembly, has become less critical than ten years ago, and the compatible manufacturing strategy has been also chal lenged by the new rules based on knowledge development and by the new business m odel based on value creation. Manufacturing strategy has to find a position and mechanism contributing itself to the corporate strategy and competitive advanta ge. This paper seeks to answer the question what networked manufacturing systems can imply to the manufacturing strategy, by clarifying some key challenges to the c lassical manufacturing strategy theory, especially from networked manufacturing system and value-based manufacturing strategy perspectives. The paper is based on some preliminary case observations in several multinationa l corporations in aerospace, automotive, engineering and electronics industries. Original objectives are targeted on an evolutionary process of manufacturing system from factory-based system towards globally collaborated inter-firm netw ork, seeking to explain why manufacturing companies evolve into more and more un controllable relationship. The preliminary findings are seriously challenging t he traditional concept of firm and the theory manufacturing strategy developed b y Skinner (1969). Some key findings from the preliminary work include: - value creation is more dependent upon a proposition in the value net than crea tion of competitive edge for existing product line-which ask manufacturing stra tegy should focus more on a higher value - in manufacturing system, leveraging other companies resources seems to be more important than owning these resources - which implies networked virtual enterpr ise is preferred architecture - in inter-firm collaboration, understanding the dynamics and keeping a balance are more and more critical in the spectrum of collaboration from one end of cor porate hierarchy towards another end of free market-which means that a cont ingency picture is more needed than a single supply or virtual network model - from evolution perspective, deeply understandings about internally vertical in tegration, outsourcing, sub-contracting, and manufacturing hollowing-out are n ow more and more important than the single competence knowing how to do them-wh ich means an up-grading towards know-why These new challenges ask new solutions for industry. They imply not only new sy stem architecture of manufacturing system based on an inter-firm relationship b ut new strategy process with a context-based contingency framework. The paper summaries some existing researches and develops a theoretical framework for the new networked manufacturing system. As a preliminary case study, the paper also suggests a further research plan in the future.

China to Develop Rules for Composing a Standards System for Enterprise Energy Efficiency

April 11, 2007, SAC announced a survey on a standards system for enterprise energy efficiency. According to the announcement, 'Rules for the Composing of a Standards System for Enterprise Energy Efficiency' shall be developed based on the results of the survey. The rules are designed to better manage energy efficiency through standards and to give advice to companies on energy efficiency. In this way, China will be able to assist companies in energy efficiency on a more professional, strict, and comprehensive basis.……

中国传统民本思想及民生实践

中国传统民本思想的核心理念“以民为本”包含三层含义:民为国本,体现了对民众地位的认识;立国为民,体现了对统治者与民众关系的认知;政在养民,体现了对社会发展规律的理解。基于传统民本思想提出的一系列“以厚民生为本”的富民之策,要求统治者采取相应政策,关心民众生计,使民众生活富足。历代统治者推行的改善民生举措主要有重农抑商、务本兴农,轻徭薄赋、体恤民力,不违农时、使民以时,以及约束官吏、勿使扰民等。中国传统民本思想及民生实践促进了近代以来民主思想的发展,对当今推进国家治理现代化亦有重要的借鉴价值。

“三治融合”视域下乡村“积分制”治理运行机制研究——基于四川省Y村的个案研究

“三治融合”是宏观层面对乡村治理的政策指引,乡村“积分制”治理正是“三治融合”理念的应用。文章以“三治融合”理念为视角,基于治理组织、治理工具、治理目标三个维度构成的治理逻辑,分析论证“三治融合”理念和乡村“积分制”治理运作机理的同一性;依据治理逻辑和运作机理,构建由起始动力机制、协调助力机制和激励保障机制形成的乡村“积分制”治理实践运行机制;通过把握乡村“积分制”治理实践运行机制,提出从构建多元治理主体协同参与的共建共治格局、运用制度和技术工具、建立因地制宜的积分评价考核机制和激励政策等方面优化完善乡村“积分制”治理,以期推动乡村治理方式的创新化发展。

“三治融合”何以赋能农村集体公益设施建设和管护——基于内生动力的视角

内生动力不足是困扰农村集体公益设施建设和管护的重要因素。文章以西安市长安区四皓村美丽乡村建设为例,分析“三治融合”如何激发内生动力进而赋能农村集体公益设施建设和管护:首先,“三治融合”构成的农村“现代公共规则”与农村发展内生动力中的认同、参与、资源等基本要素相嵌合;其次,以党组织为核心的组织机构,通过“三治融合”的治理模式,形成内外部力量的有效互动,构建不同价值的双重循环,搭建个体与集体间的利益关联,产生农村集体公益设施建设和管护中的内驱力;最后,乡村公共事务治理不能仅依赖外部力量的介入,内外力量的互动是农村发展过程中内生动力生成的逻辑前提,构建村民个体与村社共同体的关联和认同是关键。

当代美德伦理“可法典化批判”的三层含义及其反思

美德伦理与规则伦理的争论焦点之一在于对可法典化的不同态度。规则伦理认为道德行动需要一套明确规则的指导,这些规则等同于一种决策程序,而美德伦理学缺乏此类规则,所以有着“不可法典化(uncodifiability)”的缺陷。与之相对,美德伦理学者认为不可法典化不仅不是缺陷,反而正是美德伦理学的长处。美德伦理分别从实践推理、规则运用、实践审思三个不同层次上对可法典化进行了批判。这些批评在相当程度上指出了规则伦理学的某些误区。但一些美德伦理学者试图在此基础上更进一步,在批评现代道德哲学进路之余全面否定道德哲学中规则的作用,却使得可法典化批判走向了误区。理解可法典化批判的关键在于跳出目前流行的把普遍规则与具体情境截然对立起来的简单二分法,认识道德规则的限度与必要。

乡村社会“三治融合”的实践逻辑——基于社会基础视角的分析

通过自治、法治与德治相融合以实现乡村善治是具有中国特色的社会治理实践。借助社会基础的视角,可以深化对乡村“三治融合”实践逻辑的认识与理解。在结构转型背景下,乡村社会基础的变化会制约自治、法治与德治的作用发挥与相互融合。多地乡村通过机制创新来利用乡土熟人社会的资源,增强对个人行为的引导和约束,扩大乡村治理的社会参与,从而激活和培育了新的社会基础。凭借社会基础的支持与保障,法律和道德实施获得充分的社会助力,乡村社会内生秩序的维系和生产能力也得以增强。对于乡村“三治融合”实践探索的分析,揭示出激活和培育社会基础对实现乡村善治的重要意义,此外还需要注重法治的规范、引领与保障作用。

铸牢中华民族共同体意识视域下社会主义核心价值观入法入规探究

社会主义核心价值观是中华民族精神的时代凝练和现实表达,是社会主义法治建设的灵魂,与中华民族共同体意识紧密关联。铸牢中华民族共同体意识视域下,社会主义核心价值观入法入规彰显了传承中华优秀传统法律文化的文化自觉,是推进中华民族共同体建设的必然选择,为建设中华民族共有精神家园提供方向指引;通过树牢法律信仰、型构法律原则和融入法律规则,弘扬国家与民族的整体价值导向、概括指引全社会的价值认同,并具体设定微观的行为模式和制度指示,实现对铸牢中华民族共同体意识之法治实施的指引和推进。新时代新征程,要关注宪法核心价值观条款完善、民族工作基本法律的核心价值观融入等问题,在规律、技术与价值相互交融的视域下促进核心价值观入法入规的路径优化。着力增强核心价值观入法入规的系统性、针对性和精准性,推进入法理念的升华和入法技术的完善,在对各族人民现实生活场景的科学指引与能动改造中推动全社会铸牢中华民族共同体意识。

校企合作实践教育基地人才培养模式——以农业水利工程专业校企合作实践教育基地为例

安徽农业大学农业水利工程专业与安徽省水利科学研究院共建校企合作实践教育基地,通过建立协调育人机制,深化教育教学改革,推动教学与科研紧密结合、学校与社会密切合作,促进大学生在科学研究中学习、在社会实践中学习,提高大学生解决实际问题的实践能力和创新创业能力。通过加强内涵建设、成果共享与示范引领,在促进新工科、新农科建设,以及培养德智体美劳全面发展的高质量人才方面取得了一系列实践成果。

论苏商的文化性格

基于优越的自然环境、通达的地理区位和厚重的文化底蕴,苏商在实业救国、改革富国、创新强国的发展过程中形成了特有的文化性格。苏商的成功源于具备厚德载物的大商气度、崇文重教的文化涵养和稳健进取的营商理念等典型的文化性格。

关联企业混同用工的法律规制研究

在劳动法中引入关联企业概念,目的是赋予裁判机构审查认定关联企业混同用工行为是否存在规避劳动法、损害劳动者权益的情形;适用法人格否认规则,目的是在个案裁判中将关联企业视为联合雇主,要求其共同向劳动者承担用人单位法律义务。劳动者与用人单位签订劳动合同后被安排至关联企业工作的,劳动关系的归属以合同为判断标准;关联企业采取轮流订立劳动合同的方式交替用工的,应当认定劳动者与后签订劳动合同的用人单位存在劳动关系;未签订劳动合同的,则应以实际用工为考察依据判定劳动关系的归属。

论国有企业合规管理中党内法规的作用

党内法规是国有企业合规管理的重要规范依据。党内法规能够保障党对国有企业高质量发展的领导,是国有企业党组织开展活动的基本依据,为国有企业治理法治化提供规范来源。实践中,党内法规通过规范党组织活动和党员行为,经由企业合规管理相关的具体制度以及嵌入法律等规范的方式作用于国有企业合规管理。为更好发挥国有企业合规管理中党内法规的作用,需要处理好企业党组织活动与企业市场活动之间的关系,加强党内法规与政策法律等规范在分工基础上的协同,进而实现党内法规在国有企业中的作用向治理效能转化。

论治理现代化视域下的职业教育法治转型

针对职业教育法治发展面临的困境,阐述职业教育法治转型的面向与价值,以职业教育法律规范体系为依托,坚持以法治思维和法治方法实现依法治理。勾勒职业教育法治转型机制的基本原则,并通过加强立法引领夯实职业教育依法治理的基石、改善职业教育治理的主体结构、以司法治理为后盾来实现职业教育法治转型和发展的新图景。

农村基层治理中“德法合治”的命题逻辑与实现路径

法治是现代化农村基层治理的显著特征,而当前农村基层法治建设仍有待进一步提升,落实“德法合治”是推进农村基层治理现代化的应有之义。在主体逻辑上,“德法合治”是多元主体合作共治的一种表达形式;在应用逻辑上,“德法合治”是有效协同解决农村政治生活、社会生活和私人生活领域事务的基本路径;在规范逻辑上,“德法合治”要求基层村治沿着制度性规范和社会性规范相辅相成的轨道前进。在村民自治基础上不断发展“德法合治”实践,既有助于提升基层农民群众的法治信仰和道德素养,同时也是有效实现由“送法下乡”促进乡村善治的可行之策。从实然层面看,农村基层治理中“德法合治”的实现思路,需要我们从观念、规范、环境、保障等四个维度加以筹划。

数字贸易规则、缔约经验与出口企业加成率

在数字经济发展的大背景下,探讨数字贸易规则对制造业竞争力的影响愈发重要。本文基于中国工业企业数据库、中国海关数据库和TAPED数据库,实证检验了签署包含数字贸易规则的区域贸易协定对出口企业加成率的影响。研究发现:总体上,签署包含数字贸易规则的区域贸易协定对出口企业加成率有一定的抑制作用,主要通过扩大进入出口市场的低生产率企业数量、提高企业出口成本及促进高生产率企业之间价格竞争等三条途径实现。异质性分析显示,与拥有丰富数字贸易规则签署经验的经济体缔约,对提高出口企业加成率有积极作用;与数字贸易规则签署经验较欠缺的经济体缔约,则更有利于中国发挥在国际数字贸易治理中的引领和带动作用,进而实现互利共赢。签署包含数字贸易规则的区域贸易协定在降低出口企业加成率的同时显著提高了地区内的资源配置效率。本文为中国在数字贸易领域如何根据缔约对象的不同特征,精准选择谈判策略,进而推动中国出口贸易的高质量发展提供了政策启示。