Adjusted Nutrition Solution Formula Improves the Growth and Yield of Soilless Tomato Culture in Southern Xinjiang

The tomato production facilities in southern Xinjiang have unique climatic conditions.However,due to the high salinity and degree of mineralization of the soil and the extensive management of irrigation water sources,the tomato production efficiency is low,and there is still much room for improvement.In this study,the formulas of tomato nutrient solutions were adjusted according to the local irrigation water quality characteristics,and tomato was grown in a greenhouse using sand cultivation.To select a nutrient solution formula suitable for the tomato cultivated in the local facilities,various parameters of tomato treated with different formulas were compared.The results showed the following:①Adjusting the nutrient solution formula could effectively improve the vegetative and reproductive growth indexes of tomato.②Properly decreasing the nutrient solution concentration could improve the growth indexes of tomato.③Decreases in Ca^(2+) and Mg^(2+) in the nutrient solution did not affect the growth and yield of tomato.The possible reason for the third result was that excessive cations in the water inhibited the absorption of Ca^(2+) and Mg^(2+) in the nutrient solution and had antagonistic effects.Therefore,a high nutrient solution concentration does not necessarily promote the growth of tomatoes.In summary,this study will improve the production conditions of protected tomato in the southern Xinjiang area by supporting tomato nutrient solution adjustments according to actual conditions in combination with reasonable irrigation systems and scientific management.

Comparison of the Effect of Vermicompost and Inorganic Fertilizers on Vegetative Growth and Fruit Production of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>L.)

This study attempted to compare the effect of cow manure vermicompost and inorganic fertilizers on the vegetative growth and fruits of tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.). An air dried sandy loam soil was mixed with five rates of vermicompost equivalent to 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1 and three rates of NPK fertilizer equivalent to 50% (N-P-K = 69-16-35 kg ha-1), 100% (N-P-K = 137-32-70 kg ha-1) and 200% (N-P-K = 274-64-140 kg ha-1). The treatments were replicated three times. The data revealed that shoot length, number of leaves, dry matter weight of shoots and roots, fruit number and fruit weight were influenced significantly (P < 0.05) by the application of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer in the growth media. The highest dose of vermicompost of 20 t ha-1 increased dry weight of shoot of 52 folds and root of 115 folds, number of fruit(s)/plant of 6 folds and mean fruit weight of 29 folds while the highest rate of NPK fertilizer of 200% increased dry weight of shoot of 35 folds and root of 80 folds, number of fruit(s)/plant of 4 folds and mean fruit weight of 18 folds over the control treatment. The growth performance of tomato was better in the vermicompost amended soil pots than the plants grown in the inorganic fertilizer amended soil pots. This study suggested that the vermicompost served as a potential source of nutrients for plant growth.

Effect of cadmium on growth and photosynthesis of tomato seedlings

A hydroponic experiment carried out to study the effect of five Cd levels on growth and photosynthesis of two tomato cultivars showed that the addition of 0.1 μmol/L Cd induced a slight increase in plant height of Hezuo 903 and the SPAD (the Soil–Plant Analyses Development) value of the 2 cultivars. However, at higher Cd levels, i.e., 1 and 10 μmol/L, root length and volume, plant height, and SPAD value were all significantly reduced. On an average of the 2 cultivars, exposure to 1 and 10 μmol/L Cd for 33 d reduced plant height by 18.9% and 46.4% and SPAD value by 11.2% and 31.6%, compared with control, respectively. Similarly, root length was reduced by 41.1% and 25.8% and root volume by 45.2% and 63.7%, respectively. The addition of Cd in the growth medium also had significant deleterious effect on net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and intracellular CO2 concentration (Ci), with Pn being reduced by 27.2% and 62.1% at 1 μmol/L and 10 μmol/L Cd treatments compared to the control, respectively, while Ci increased correspondingly by 28.4% and 39.3%.

Effect of γ-PGA Coated Urea on N-Release Rate and Tomato Growth

The anionic polymer γ-polyglutamic acid(γ-PGA) was used to coat urea and slow its dissolution. Three types of slow release urea(SRU) fertilizers(polymer coated urea with pore constriction, polymer coated urea with enzyme inhibitor and polymer coated urea with pore constriction and enzyme inhibitor) were prepared and tested for the N-release rate. After using SRU, the effect on the tomato growth was analyzed. The extracts of SRU were analyzed for NH3/NH4+-N and NO3--N. The N-release rate was used to determine the optimum ratio of ingredients. The results show that the three types of SRU met the dissolution rate standards recommended by the Committee of European Normalization. γ-PGA SRU increased the chlorophyll content of tomato(flowering stage) by an average of 100% compared with that grew in untreated urea. The results from soil analysis(0-60 cm in tomato pots) indicate that the content of NH3/NH4+-N in SRU-treated pots was 25%-61% higher than that in soil from urea-treated pots during the growing period,while the content of NO3--N was nearly 50% lower after the tomato had been harvested. Newly formulated SRU fertilizer increases nitrogen uptake and reduces loss of applied nitrogen. Plant growth is enhanced, a valuable resource is conserved, and the aquatic environment benefits from decreased level of nitrate in agricultural run-off.

Effects of Microbial Fertilizer on Growth Characteristics of Facility Tomato and Chemical Properties of Acidic soil

[Objectives] This study was conducted to discuss the possibility of applying microbial fertilizer to production of facility tomato,so as to determine rational application rate for facility tomato. [Methods]A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of the application of microbial fertilizer onto acidic soil on yield,quality and soil chemical properties of facility tomato. [Results] Yield of facility tomato was improved after the application of microbial fertilizer.Treatment ABA-2 showed the highest yield,which was higher than the CK by 7. 98%. On the basis of conventional fertilization,the combined application with microbial fertilizer could promote growth and development of tomato,and could significantly improve fruit weight,and Vc,soluble solid and lycopene contents. Furthermore,the microbial fertilizer could remarkably improve soil p H,alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen,available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium contents.[Conclusions]The application of microbial fertilizer at 80 kg/667 m^2 has better effects on tomato growth and development and soil status.

Effect of cold plasma treatment on seedling growth and nutrient absorption of tomato

The effects of cold plasma(CP) treatment on seed germination, seedling growth, root morphology, and nutrient uptake of a tomato were investigated. The results showed that 80 W of CP treatment significantly increased tomato nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) absorption by12.7% and 19.1%, respectively. CP treatment significantly improved the germination potential of tomato seed by 11.1% and the germination rate by 13.8%. Seedling growth characteristics,including total dry weight, root dry weight, root shoot rate, and leaf area, significantly increased after 80 W of CP treatment. Root activity was increased by 15.7% with 80 W of CP treatment,and 12.6% with 100 W of CP treatment. CP treatment(80 W) markedly ameliorated tomato root morphology, and root length, surface area, and volume, which increased 21.3%, 23.6%, and29.0%, respectively. Our results suggested that CP treatment improved tomato N and P absorption by promoting the accumulation of shoot and root biomass, increasing the leaf area and root activity, and improving the length, surface area, and volume of root growth. Thus, CP treatment could be used in an ameliorative way to improve tomato nutrient absorption.

Effects of elevated CO_2 concentration on growth and water usage of tomato seedlings under different ammonium/nitrate ratios

增加的大气的 CO2 集中通常被期望提高农业 C3 蔬菜罪的光合作用和生长，因此导致庄稼产量的增加。然而，很少在植物生长和开发上对提高的 CO2 和 N 种类的联合效果被知道。二个生长房间实验被进行决定 NH4 (+)/NO3 (?) 比率的效果并且在生理的发展和西红柿幼苗的水使用提高了 CO2 集中。西红柿与营养液在生长房间在 NH4 (+)/NO3 (?) 比率和 CO2 集中变化在集装箱为 45 d 被种。结果显示出那植物高度，茎厚度，全部的干燥重量，叶子的干燥重量，茎和根， G 价值(总数种干燥重量/幼苗天)，叶绿素内容，光合的率，叶级、整个的植物级的水使用效率和西红柿幼苗的累积的水消费与在提高的 CO2 处理在营养液增加 NO3 (?)的比例被增加。植物生物资源，植物高度，茎厚度和光合的率比在周围的 CO2 集中在提高的 CO2 集中更高是 67% ， 22% ， 24% 和 55% ，取决于 NH4 (+)/NO3 (?) 比率的价值。这些结果显示那提高的 CO2 集中没减轻 100% NH4 (+)-N 的不利效果(在营养液) 在西红柿幼苗上。在两 CO2 水平，营养液的 NH4 (+)/NO3 (?) 比率强烈几乎影响了植物性能的每项措施，并且硝酸盐美联储植物达到了更大的生物资源生产，作为与铵美联储植物相比。这些现象似乎与光合的率和西红柿幼苗的累积的水消费的协调规定有关。

Resistance of Different Tomato Varieties against Tomato Powdery Mildew during Different Growth Stages

The pathogen of tomato powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici Kiss) was simultaneously inoculated into four varieties during seedling,flowering and fruiting stages under the same environmental conditions by inducing inoculation method,so as to study the resistance during different growth stages.Different varieties of plants and the plants during different growth stages were investigated after inoculation for 12 d,and disease epidemic curves were drawn according to survey data.The results showed that different varieties performed different resistance against powdery mildew and the same variety also showed different resistance during different growth stages.The susceptible extent of Lujia was the heaviest during seedling and flowering sages,while it showed the strongest resistance during fruiting stage ;improved 96-8 showed the highest resistance during seedling stage,but performed the lowest resistance during fruiting stage.

Effect of Different Spacing and Urea Application Rates on Fruit Nutrient Composition, Growth and Yield of Tomato in Derived Savannah Vegetation of Kogi State, Nigeria

Experiments were located at Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, Ejiba and Horticultural Section College of Agriculture, Kabba in 2014 cropping season to investigate the effect of different spacing and urea application rates on fruit nutrient composition, growth and fruit yield of tomato in derived savanna vegetation of Nigeria. Field experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design in factorial fashion with three replications. The row spacing were 75 × 40 cm (33,333 plant·ha-1, 75 × 50 cm (26,666 plant·ha-1) and 75 × 60 cm (22,222 plant·ha-1) while the urea rates comprised control (0 kg urea·ha-1), 54.3 and 108.6 kg urea·ha-1. Growth and yield parameters taken were as follows: average plant height, stem girth, leaf area (m2) and yield per land area. Data were collected from ten randomly selected plants in each plot. The data were statistically analyzed using GENSTAT. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to find out the significance of variation among the treatments while the significant difference between mean treatments was separated using least significance Difference at 5% level of probability. The result obtained from this study indicated that urea application and spacing affected significantly growth parameters of tomato and yield per land area. It could be concluded that there was a significant increase in plant height, number of leaves, number of fruits per plant and final fruit weight of tomato as a result of urea fertilizer application at the rate of 108.6 kg urea/ha. However, this was not significantly better than plots with urea application at 54.8 kg/ha in both Ejiba and Kabba. Row spacing of 75 × 50 cm showed better performance in number of fruit and fruit yield per plots. Farmers in Ejiba and Kabba should apply urea at the rate of 54.8 kg per hectare and plant the crop at a row spacing of 75 × 50 cm for optimum yield and for a more profitable production of tomato.

Growth and Physiological Attributes of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Genotypes as Affected by NaCl Stress

High level of salinity adversely affects growth, productivity as well as quality of vegetable crops by reducing photosynthetic capacity, enzyme activities, and by enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS cause peroxidation of membrane lipids leading to disintegration of cell membrane with the leakage of electrolytes. All these detrimental effects ultimately contribute to the crop with reduced yield and low nutritive value. The present investigation was carried out to test salt tolerance capacity of ten genotypes of tomato on the basis of growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics. The results show that all the ten tested genotypes of tomato responded differently to 200 mM NaCl stress. Regarding growth parameters, BL-1076 gave higher values, while Queen gave the lowest values for most of the parameters (plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot and root fresh weight and dry weight). Regarding physiological and biochemical parameters, BL-1076 gave higher values for the activities of carbonic anhydrase and nitrate reductase, leaf chlorophyll content, relative water content, and activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase). However, genotype Queen gave the lowest values for these parameters. On contrary, the least membrane damage (TBARS content) was registered in BL-1076, while the highest in Queen. Overall assessment of results leads to the conclusion that the genotype BL-1076 was found salt tolerant while Queen salt sensitive. The ten genotypes may be arranged on the basis of their salt tolerance capacity in decreasing order as: BL-1076 > Trust > Imperial > Tanshet star > PakmoreVF > L 26 > Plitz > Bonus F1 > Grace > Queen.

不同生育期曝气滴灌对温室番茄生长品质影响

为探究不同生育期循环曝气地下滴灌对温室番茄生长及品质的影响规律,设置不同生育期以及全生育期循环曝气处理,以全生育期不曝气处理作为对照组,研究不同生育期循环曝气处理对温室番茄株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量、根系活力及品质的影响.结果表明:开花坐果期循环曝气处理有利于温室番茄株高的增长,果实膨大期循环曝气处理有利于温室番茄茎粗的增长,多生育期连续循环曝气较单一生育期曝气优势不明显;相较于对照组处理,果实膨大期曝气处理温室番茄果实单果质量提高36.12%,果实横纵径分别提高11.52%,20.24%,可溶性固形物含量提高29.25%,有机酸含量降低20.41%,糖酸比提高47.53%,维生素C含量提高40.58%,可溶性糖含量提高12.65%,可溶性蛋白含量提升38.62%,果实膨大期曝气处理有利于温室番茄单果质量的增加和品质的优化.因此,综合果实品质和作物生长各指标,开花坐果期循环曝气处理更有利于温室番茄株高的生长,果实膨大期曝气处理更有利于温室番茄茎粗、单果质量及果实品质的提升.

盐胁迫下复合微生物肥料对西红柿的促生作用

文章旨在研究在盐胁迫条件下,复合微生物肥料对西红柿生长的影响。通过测定西红柿茎长、根长、地上部以及地下部干重等植物生长指标,分析该微生物菌肥对于植物的促生效果。结果表明,F5使株高提高了100.7%、速效磷提高了101.4%;M3使植株根的鲜重增加了126.7%,速效磷提高了126.1%。结果表明,在盐胁迫条件下,复合微生物肥料能够对西红柿起到很好的促生作用,为盐碱地的开发利用提供了借鉴的依据。

三株无量山森林土壤芽孢杆菌鉴定及其生物活性挖掘

【目的】挖掘无量山国家自然保护区潜在的高活性微生物菌株,旨在为农业绿色投入品研发提供高效的菌种资源。【方法】以番茄枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)为靶标筛选高拮抗活性菌株,观察对菌丝生长的影响,测定对孢子萌发的抑制作用;检测脂肽类化合物合成基因以及菌株体外产酶、解磷、解钾、固氮及产铁载体能力;结合形态学、生理生化特征和16S rRNA、gyrA、rpoB基因进行菌株鉴定,室内盆栽试验验证防病和促生效果。【结果】分离筛选获得153株可培养细菌,其中,菌株SH-53、N4471和N9456抑菌效果分别为92.35%、87.29%和88.47%,能抑制病原菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发,且对多种病原菌表现出良好拮抗活性。3株功能菌均具有溶锌、产淀粉酶和蛋白酶的能力,菌株SH-53和N4471还具有解磷、固氮、分泌纤维素酶以及产铁载体能力。3个功能菌基因组中均含有srfA、fenA、ituA、ituC、ituD、bymC等脂肽类化合物合成基因。经鉴定菌株SH-53为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),N4471为卡式芽孢杆菌(B.cabrialesii),N9456为暹罗芽孢杆菌(B.siamensis)。盆栽试验结果表明,3株功能菌防效分别为84.66%、54.96%和59.74%,对番茄幼苗的株高、茎粗、根长等农艺性状均具有较好促进作用。【结论】3个菌株具有高效、广谱的抑菌活性,具有多样化的生物活性,作为高效的微生物资源具有广阔的应用前景。

不同生育期番茄植株根际土壤微生物群落结构特征

为构建番茄生态优质高产栽培技术体系及挖掘有益的微生物资源,比较了不同生育期番茄植株根际土壤肥力以及微生物群落结构与功能特征。基于传统与现代高通量测序技术分析番茄幼苗期、花芽分化期、结果期根际土壤肥力与微生物(细菌、真菌)群落结构与功能特征。结果显示,番茄结果期根际土壤中具有更为丰富的碳、氮、磷源;另一方面,不同生育期番茄根际土壤微生物群落结构和功能发生显著变化。其中,norank_f_norank_o_norank_c_KD4-96,norank_f_A4b和Bryobacter属细菌是幼苗期番茄植株根际土壤中特有的优势细菌属;TM7a和Saccharomonospora属细菌是花芽分化期番茄植株根际土壤中特有的优势细菌属;Gem⁃matimonas属细菌是结果期番茄植株根际土壤中特有的优势细菌属;此外,鲍尔壶菌属(Powellomyces)真菌是幼苗期番茄植株根际土壤中特有的优势真菌属;Apiotrichum和unclassified_f_Chytridiaceae真菌是花芽分化期番茄植株根际土壤中特有的优势真菌属;链格孢属(Alternaria)真菌是结果期番茄植株根际土壤中特有的优势真菌属。结果表明:不同生育期番茄植株根际土壤中形成了特异的根际土壤微生物群落,幼苗期根际土壤中主要富集了可以产生生长激素的微生物类群;花芽分化期根际土壤中主要富集了具有抗逆功能的微生物类群;结果期根际土壤中主要富集了具有促进养分循环功能的微生物类群。

不同镁硼浓度配比营养液对静止水培番茄幼苗生长的影响

以樱桃番茄幼苗为试验材料,采用静止水培的方式,研究以山崎番茄专用配方为基础,添加不同浓度镁硼的营养液对番茄幼苗生长的影响。试验设6个不同镁硼配比浓度(mmol/L),分别为0.5∶0.014、0.5∶0.018、0.5∶0.023、1.0∶0.014、1.0∶0.018、1.0∶0.023。试验结果表明:不同镁硼浓度配比的营养液对番茄幼苗的株高、根系长度、鲜重、干重、壮苗指数、叶绿素含量、根系活力及可溶性糖含量的提高均有促进作用;镁硼浓度配比为1.0∶0.018时,番茄幼苗的根系长度、茎粗、鲜重干重、壮苗指数及叶绿素含量等指标表现最佳,利于培育番茄优质壮苗。

锌肥施用方式对番茄提质增效的影响

为了筛选番茄最佳的锌肥施用方式,试验锌肥施用方式设底施和叶面喷施2种,每种施用方式的锌肥施用量均设2个水平(22.5、30.3 kg/hm^(2)),以不施锌肥处理为空白对照(CK),研究了不同施肥处理对番茄生长、产量、果实品质和经济效益的影响。结果表明:施用锌肥具有显著的增产提质效果,其中叶面喷施30.0 kg/hm^(2)锌肥的株高、茎粗和SPAD值显著高于其他处理,与CK相比,单果重增加15.06%,可溶性糖、Vc和全锌含量分别提高33.56%、27.07%和140.89%,硝酸盐含量降低40.89%,增产17.03%,增收19.27%。番茄施用锌肥时推荐叶面喷施30.0 kg/hm2,番茄产量、品质和经济效益均达到最高。

黄沙栽培模式下咸水滴灌对设施番茄生长及产量的影响

【目的】针对南疆地区淡水资源紧缺及土壤盐渍化问题,探究黄沙栽培模式下咸水滴灌对基质水盐分布、设施番茄生长及产量的影响,同时利用Logistic模型研究番茄的动态生长变化,确定适宜南疆黄沙栽培模式下设施番茄咸水滴灌的矿化度阈值,以期为南疆设施农业咸水高效利用技术提供理论依据与技术支撑。【方法】试验以黄沙基质设施番茄为研究对象,设置5个灌溉水矿化度处理,分别为2 g/L(T_(1))、3 g/L(T_(2))、4 g/L(T_(3))、5 g/L(T_(4))和6 g/L(T_(5)),并以淡水灌溉为对照(CK)开展黄沙栽培模式下咸水滴灌对基质水盐分布、设施番茄生长发育、产量构成因素及灌溉水利用效率的影响研究。【结果】在黄沙栽培模式下,全生育期内各处理基质含水率和含盐量与灌溉水矿化度呈正相关,均随灌溉水矿化度的升高而增加;番茄不同生育期各处理0~25 cm的基质平均含水率在开花结果期达到最大,其中与CK处理相比,2 g/L基质平均含水率增加不明显,而当矿化度增加到3 g/L以上时,基质平均含水率显著升高,分别增加7.51%、10.67%、14.44%、18.10%;番茄不同生育期0~25 cm基质平均含盐量在结果末期达到峰值,其中T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5)处理积盐效果较为明显,基质含盐量高达8.49,9.82,10.50 g/kg。番茄株高、茎粗和干物质生长随生育期推进呈逐渐增大后基本不变的S型变化趋势,Logistic模型可用于精确描述不同灌溉水矿化度处理下番茄株高、茎粗及干物质累积量的动态生长过程,拟合方程的决定系数R2均达到0.94以上。番茄生长指标、总产量及灌溉水利用效率均随灌溉水矿化度的增加呈先升高后下降的变化趋势,其中3 g/L的总产量和灌溉水利用效率分别达到47.17 t/hm^(2)和15.22 kg/m^(3),显著高于其他处理。【结论】综合考虑番茄生长发育及产量等因素,在黄沙栽培模式下推荐2~3 g/L灌溉水矿化度对设施番茄进行灌溉,可有效缓解淡水短缺及土壤盐渍化问题,为南疆地区大面积推广沙培番茄提供科学依据。

水肥耦合效应对设施番茄生长及水分利用效率的影响

为提高南疆地区设施栽培番茄的水分利用效率和高效栽培,并提高新疆产蛭石的利用率,将蛭石与黄沙、菇渣混合,研究以蛭石为主复合基质栽培模式下温室番茄生长的水肥耦合效应。试验以“双赢先锋”番茄为材料,设灌水量、氮、磷、钾4个因子素采用四因素五水平二次正交旋转组合设计的二分之一执行,设置18组水肥耦合处理,其中5组灌水量分别设置为基质田间持水率的66.0%、70.8%、78.0%、85.2%、90.0%,分析各因子的主效应、单因素效应和双因素耦合效应。结果表明:①经综合评价,W18为最优处理,即在灌水量为78.0%的田间持水率下,施N 340 kg/hm^(2)、P_(2)O_(5)185 kg/hm^(2)、K_(2)O 310 kg/hm^(2),番茄的生长和水分利用效率为最优水平,有利于提升产量。灌水量对水分利用效率起决定作用,灌水量与施氮量具有耦合正效应,同一灌水量下,适当提高氮肥用量有利于番茄对水分的利用,但过量施氮则不利于水分利用效率的提高。②灌水量、施氮量、施磷量对番茄生长有显著正效应,而施钾量对番茄的生长作用不显著,各因素对番茄生长的主效应大小为灌水量>施氮量>施磷量>施钾量。③单因素效应分析表明:各生长指标随着水肥的增加先上升后下降,呈抛物线趋势,水肥过高或过低都会使番茄生长受到抑制。④耦合效应分析表明:水氮耦合、水磷耦合、氮磷耦合对番茄生长有耦合正效应,均能显著促进番茄生长,其中水氮耦合的作用最大。

不同施肥方案对室内种植番茄生长发育及果实品质的影响

为探究不同施肥方案对室内种植番茄生长发育及果实品质的影响,以野生型番茄Micro Tom为研究对象,在整个生长周期进行8种不同的施肥处理。具体包括根部浇灌清水(CK)、叶面喷施营养液(T1)、叶面喷施磷肥(T2)、根部施小颗粒肥料(T3)、叶面喷施营养液+磷肥(T4)、叶面喷施营养液+根部施小颗粒肥料(T5)、叶面喷施磷肥+根部施小颗粒肥料(T6)、叶面喷施营养液+叶面喷施磷肥+根部施小颗粒肥料(T7)。结果显示,与对照组相比,T3、T5和T6能明显促进番茄株高、茎粗和第二侧枝的生长;T3、T7处理能促进叶绿素的合成;T5处理能对番茄开花、果实大小及种子数起到明显的促进作用;T3处理能明显提升番茄结果数;T3与T7的可溶性糖含量均高于T5与T6;T5与T6的维生素C含量均高于T3与T7。综上表明,只施小颗粒、施营养液+小颗粒、施磷肥+小颗粒、施营养液+磷肥+小颗粒均能明显促进番茄的生长、产量和品质提升,其中只施小颗粒的施肥方案比其他处理组所花的成本更少,且能减轻肥料对环境的危害,是最佳施肥方案。

换头节次对日光温室长季节栽培番茄生长及产量的影响

针对设施番茄长季节栽培过程中,因植株管理不当等造成的植株易早衰、产量和品质下降等问题,以圣罗兰3689为试材,以不换头为对照(CK),设置每4穗果(T1)、6穗果(T2)、8穗果(T3)进行换头一次的3个处理,研究不同换头节次对番茄生长、开花坐果时间和产量的影响。结果表明,随生育期延长,所有处理的番茄株高和茎粗均呈增加趋势,侧枝叶片光合色素含量和净光合速率均呈先升高后降低趋势。与CK相比,T1、T2、T3处理的茎秆长度和产量均有所增加,并在一定程度上延长了番茄采收期;其中,定植后240 d,T1处理的株高、茎粗和产量分别增加8.7%、3.8%和7.1%;T1处理前4穗果的转色时间和采收时间分别提前9、22、29、10 d和12、28、15、9 d,第14穗果采收时间延长了19 d,经济效益以T1处理较好。综上所述,每4穗果换头1次,有利于长季节栽培番茄生长和产量形成,能部分缓解春节和暑期番茄产品的供给,可作为番茄长季节优质高产栽培的植株调整方式。